DATA STRUCTURES

C Programming

LAB 1

CALCULATOR

Algorithm of Calculator Program

Step 1: Declare local variables n1, n2, res, opt. For example, where n1 and n2 take two numeric
values, res will store results and opt variable define the operator symbols.

Step 2: Print the Choice (Addition, Subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

Step 3: Enter the Choice

Step 4: Takes two numbers, n1 and n2

Step 5: Switch case jump to an operator selected by the user

Step 6: Store result into res variable.

Step 7: Display the operation result

Step 8: Exit from the program.

Different ways to create a Calculator Program in C

Following are the different ways to write a Calculator Program in the C language.

1. Calculator Program in C using the switch statement

2. Calculator Program in C using if else if statement

3. Calculator Program in C using do-while loop and switch statement

4. Calculator Program in C using function and switch statement

Example 1: Calculator Program in C using the switch statement

Let's write a program to create a Calculator program using switch statement

program.c

1. #include <stdio.h>

2. int main()

3. {

4. // declare local variables

5. char opt;

6. int n1, n2;

7. float res;

8. printf (" Choose an operator(+, -, *, /) to perform the operation in C Calculator \n ");

9. scanf ("%c", &opt); // take an operator

10. if (opt == '/' )

11. {

12. printf (" You have selected: Division");

13. }

14. else if (opt == '*')

15. {

16. printf (" You have selected: Multiplication");

17. }

18.

19. else if (opt == '-')

20. {

21. printf (" You have selected: Subtraction");

22. }

23. else if (opt == '+')

24. {

25. printf (" You have selected: Addition");

26. }

27. printf (" \n Enter the first number: ");

28. scanf(" %d", &n1); // take fist number

29. printf (" Enter the second number: ");

30. scanf (" %d", &n2); // take second number

31.

32. switch(opt)

33. {

34. case '+':

35. res = n1 + n2; // add two numbers

36. printf (" Addition of %d and %d is: %.2f", n1, n2, res);

37. break;

38.

39. case '-':

 40. res = n1 - n2; // subtract two numbers

41. printf (" Subtraction of %d and %d is: %.2f", n1, n2, res);

42. break;

43.

44. case '*':

45. res = n1 * n2; // multiply two numbers

46. printf (" Multiplication of %d and %d is: %.2f", n1, n2, res);

47. break;

48.

49. case '/':

50. if (n2 == 0) // if n2 == 0, take another number

51. {

52. printf (" \n Divisor cannot be zero. Please enter another value ");

53. scanf ("%d", &n2);

54. }

55. res = n1 / n2; // divide two numbers

56. printf (" Division of %d and %d is: %.2f", n1, n2, res);

57. break;

58. default: /* use default to print default message if any condition is not satisfied */

59. printf (" Something is wrong!! Please check the options ");

60. }

61. return 0;

62. }

Output:

Example 2: Calculator Program in C using if else if statement

Let's consider an example to write a simple Calculator program in C using if else if statement.

program2.c

1. #include <stdio.h>

2. int main()

3. {

4. // declare local variables

5. char opt;

6. int n1, n2;

7. float res;

8. printf (" Select an operator (+, -, *, /) to perform an operation in C calculator \n ");

9. scanf ("%c", &opt); // take an operator

10. printf (" Enter the first number: ");

11. scanf(" %d", &n1); // take fist number

12. printf (" Enter the second number: ");

13. scanf (" %d", &n2); // take second number

14.

15. if (opt == '+')

16. {

17. res = n1 + n2; // add two numbers

18. printf (" Addition of %d and %d is: %f", n1, n2, res);

19. }

20.

21. else if (opt == '-')

22. {

23. res = n1 - n2; // subtract two numbers

24. printf (" Subtraction of %d and %d is: %f", n1, n2, res);

25. }

26.

27. else if (opt == '*')

28. {

29. res = n1 * n2; // multiply two numbers

 30. printf (" Multiplication of %d and %d is: %f", n1, n2, res);

31. }

32.

33. else if (opt == '/')

34. {

35. if (n2 == 0) // if n2 == 0, take another number

36. {

37. printf (" \n Divisor cannot be zero. Please enter another value ");

38. scanf ("%d", &n2);

39. }

40. res = n1 / n2; // divide two numbers

41. printf (" Division of %d and %d is: %.2f", n1, n2, res);

42. }

43. else

44. {

45. printf(" \n You have entered wrong inputs ");

46. }

47. return 0;

48. }

Output:

Example 3: Calculator Program in C using do while loop and switch statement

Let's create a Calculator program using do while loop and switch case statement in C

program3.c

1. #include <stdio.h>

2. #include <math.h>

3. #include <stdlib.h>
4.

5. int main()

6. {

7. // declaration of local variable op;

8. int op, n1, n2;

9. float res;

10. char ch;

11. do

12. {

13. // displays the multiple operations of the C Calculator

14. printf (" Select an operation to perform the calculation in C Calculator: ");

15. printf (" \n 1 Addition \t \t 2 Subtraction \n 3 Multiplication \t 4 Division \n 5 Square \t \

t 6 Square Root \n 7 Exit \n \n Please, Make a choice ");

16.

17. scanf ("%d", &op); // accepts a numeric input to choose the operation

18.

19.

20. // use switch statement to call an operation

21. switch (op)

22. {

23. case 1:

24. // Add two numbers

25. printf (" You chose: Addition");

26. printf ("\n Enter First Number: ");

27. scanf (" %d", &n1);

28. printf (" Enter Second Number: ");

29. scanf (" %d", &n2);

30. res = n1 + n2; // Add two numbers

31. printf (" Addition of two numbers is: %.2f", res);

32. break; // break the function

33.
34. case 2:

35. // Subtract two numbers

36. printf (" You chose: Subtraction");

37. printf ("\n Enter First Number: ");

38. scanf (" %d", &n1);

39. printf (" Enter Second Number: ");

40. scanf (" %d", &n2);

41. res = n1 - n2; // subtract two numbers

42. printf (" Subtraction of two numbers is: %.2f", res);

43. break; // break the function

44.

45. case 3:

46. // Multiplication of the numbers

47. printf (" You chose: Multiplication");

48. printf ("\n Enter First Number: ");

49. scanf (" %d", &n1);

50. printf (" Enter Second Number: ");

51. scanf (" %d", &n2);

52. res = n1 * n2; // multiply two numbers

53. printf (" Multiplication of two numbers is: %.2f", res);

54. break; // break the function

55.

56. case 4:

57. // Division of the numbers

58. printf (" You chose: Division");

59. printf ("\n Enter First Number: ");

60. scanf (" %d", &n1);

61. printf (" Enter Second Number: ");

62. scanf (" %d", &n2);

63. if (n2 == 0)

64. {
65. printf (" \n Divisor cannot be zero. Please enter another value ");

66. scanf ("%d", &n2);

67. }

68. res = n1 / n2; // divide two numbers

69. printf (" Division of two numbers is: %.2f", res);

70. break; // break the function

71.

72. case 5:

73. // getting square of a number

74. printf (" You chose: Square");

75. printf ("\n Enter First Number: ");

76. scanf (" %d", &n1);

77.

78. res = n1 * n1; // get square of a number

79. printf (" Square of %d number is: %.2f", n1, res);

80. break; // break the function

81.

82. case 6:

83. // getting the square root of the number

84. printf (" You chose: Square Root");

85. printf ("\n Enter First Number: ");

86. scanf (" %d", &n1);

87.

88. res = sqrt(n1); // use sqrt() function to find the Square Root

89. printf (" Square Root of %d numbers is: %.2f", n1, res);

90. break; // break the function

91.

92. case 7:

93. printf (" You chose: Exit");

94. exit(0);

95. break; // break the function

 96.

97. default:

98. printf(" Something is wrong!! ");

99. break;

100. }

101. printf (" \n \n ********************************************** \n ");

102. } while (op != 7);

103.

104. return 0;

105. }

Output:
Example 4: Calculator Program in C using function and switch statement

Let's create a Calculator program using function and switch case statement in C

program4.c

1. #include <stdio.h>

2. #include <conio.h>

3. #include <math.h>

4. #include <stdlib.h>

5.

6. // function declarations

7. int addition();
8. int subtract();

9. int multiply();

10. int divide();

11. int sq();

12. int sqrt1();

13. void exit();

14.

15. int main()

16. {

17. // declaration a local variable op;

18. int op;

19. do

20. {

21. // displays the multiple operations of the C Calculator

22. printf (" Select an operation to perform the calculation in C Calculator: ");

23. printf (" \n 1 Addition \t \t 2 Subtraction \n 3 Multiplication \t 4 Division \n 5 Square \t \

t 6 Square Root \n 7 Exit \n \n Please, Make a choice ");

24.

25. scanf ("%d", &op); // accepts a numeric input to choose the operation

26.

27.

28. // use switch statement to call an operation

29. switch (op)

30. {

31. case 1:

32. addition(); /* It call the addition() function to add the given numbers */

33. break; // break the function

34.

35. case 2:

36. subtract(); /* It call the subtract() function to subtract the given numbers */

37. break; // break the function

38.

39. case 3:

40. multiply(); /* It call the multiply() function to multiply the given numbers */

41. break; // break the function

42.

43. case 4:

44. divide(); // It call the divide() function to divide the given numbers

45. break; // break the function

46.

47. case 5:

48. sq(); // It call the sq() function to get the square of given numbers

49. break; // break the function

50.

51. case 6:

52. sqrt1(); /* It call the sqrt1() function to get the square root of given numbers */

53. break; // break the function

54.

55. case 7:

56. exit(0); // It call the exit() function to exit from the program

57. break; // break the function

58.

59. default:

60. printf(" Something is wrong!! ");

61. break;

62. }

63. printf (" \n \n ********************************************** \n ");

64. } while (op != 7);

65.

66.

67. return 0;

68. }
69.

70.

71.

72. // function definition

73. int addition()

74. {

75. int i, sum = 0, num, f_num; // declare a local variable

76. printf (" How many numbers you want to add: ");

77. scanf ("%d", &num);

78. printf (" Enter the numbers: \n ");

79. for (i = 1; i <= num; i++)

80. {

81. scanf(" %d", &f_num);

82. sum = sum + f_num;

83. }

84. printf (" Total Sum of the numbers = %d", sum);

85. return 0;

86. }

87.

88. // use subtract() function to subtract two numbers

89. int subtract()

90. {

91. int n1, n2, res;

92. printf (" The first number is: ");

93. scanf (" %d", &n1);

94. printf (" The second number is: ");

95. scanf (" %d", &n2);

96. res = n1 - n2;

97. printf (" The subtraction of %d - %d is: %d", n1, n2, res);

98. }

99.
100. // use multiply() function to multiply two numbers

101. int multiply()

102. {

103. int n1, n2, res;

104. printf (" The first number is: ");

105. scanf (" %d", &n1);

106. printf (" The second number is: ");

107. scanf (" %d", &n2);

108. res = n1 * n2;

109. printf (" The multiply of %d * %d is: %d", n1, n2, res);

110. }

111.

112. // use divide() function to divide two numbers

113. int divide()

114. {

115. int n1, n2, res;

116. printf (" The first number is: ");

117. scanf (" %d", &n1);

118. printf (" The second number is: ");

119. scanf (" %d", &n2);

120.

121. if (n2 == 0)

122. {

123. printf (" \n Divisor cannot be zero. Please enter another value ");

124. scanf ("%d", &n2);

125. }

126. res = n1 / n2;

127. printf (" \n The division of %d / %d is: %d", n1, n2, res);

128. }

129.

130. // use sq() function to get the square of the given number
 131. int sq()

132. {

133. int n1, res;

134. printf (" Enter a number to get the Square: ");

135. scanf (" %d", &n1);

136.

137. res = n1 * n1;

138. printf (" \n The Square of %d is: %d", n1, res);

139. }

140.

141. // use sqrt1() function to get the square root of the given number

142. int sqrt1()

143. {

144. float res;

145. int n1;

146. printf (" Enter a number to get the Square Root: ");

147. scanf (" %d", &n1);

148.

149. res = sqrt(n1);

150. printf (" \n The Square Root of %d is: %f", n1, res);

151. }

Output:
******
LAB 2

Linear DS

Arrays:

C Program:
Linked Lists:
Queues:
Stacks:
*****
LAB 3

Non-Linear DS

Trees:
Graphs:
******
LAB 4

Merge sort

The mergeSort() function keeps dividing array into subarrays till it cannot be further divided (i.e.
single element). Then merge() function is called to merge two subarrays at a time in the required
order until we get back the whole array in the sorted order.

Implementation of Merge Sort in C

C language does not have inbuilt function for merge sort, so we have to manually implement it.
*****