PYTHON

*Data Types:
1. STRING
Subscript: print("HELLO"[0]] - [0] is index
- output will be H
Concatenation: print(“123” + “456”)
- Output will be 12345
- Can concat only string to string but not string to int

2. INTEGER
Arithmetic Operation: print(123 + 456)
- Output will be their sum = 579
Large Numbers: ( 123_456_789)
- ‘_’ represent the commas in the number system

3. FLOAT
Floating Point Number:
- 3.14159 (float) and 3141.59 (floating point number)
- Print(70+ float(100)) or print(70 + float(“100”))
- OUTPUT: 170.0

4. BOOLEAN: (True or )

* type() FUNCT :
- Tells which data type is the given input
- num=3
print(type(num))
 - output = <class ‘int’>
* Str() FUNCT :
- Converts an integer into string
- makes it easier to use concatenation (only for strings)
- EXAMPLE 1: num=len(input(“enter ur name:”)
new_num=str(num)
Print(“ your name has ” + new_num + “ letter”)
OUTPUT : your name has 10 letters

- EXAMPLE 2: num=str(123)
Print(type(num))
OUTPUT: <class ‘str’> (conversion of int to str)

-EXAMPLE 3: print(str(70) + str(100))

OUTPUT: 70100 (CONCATENATION)

 PEMDASLR : (Order)
Parenthesis
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction
Left
Right
- EXAMPLE: print(3*3+3/3-3)
OUTPUT: 7.0

 Round() FUNCT:
 - gives the round off values of float values
- EXAMPLE: print(round(1.567))
OUTPUT: 2

-EXAMPLE: print(round(1.567,2))
OUTPUT: 1.57

 Floor div:
- EXAMPLE: print(8//3)
- OUTPUT: 2

* CONDITIONAL OPERATORS AND if/else :

- if condition:
Do this
Else:
Do this
- > Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal
== Equal to (Assignment)
!= Not equal to

* NESTED IF / ELSE :
if condition:
if another condition:
do this
 else:
do this
else:
do this

 if / elif / else
if condition1:
do A
elif condition2:
do B
else:
do this

Multiple if :
If cond1:
Do A
If cond2:
Do B
If cond3:
Do C

* LOGICAL OPERATORS:

A and B
C or D
Not E
* Random module:
- Generates random numbers
-Syntax:
Import random
1. seed() :
- initialize the random number generator.
- Syntax:
random.seed (a,version)
a ( optional )

version ( An integer specifying how to convert the a parameter into a

integer. Default value is 2 )

- Example:

import random
random.seed(10)
print(random.random())

OUTPUT: 0.5714025946899135

2. randrange() :

- returns a randomly selected element from the specified range.

- Syntax:

random.randrange ( start, stop , step )

start (Default 0)

stop (position to end)

step ( incrementation - Default 1 )

- EXAMPLE :

import random
print(random.randrange(3, 9)) 3 is included and 9 is not included

OUTPUT :

5 ( generates random number )

3. randint():

- returns an integer number selected element from the specified range

- Syntax :

random.randint(start, stop)

- EXAMPLE:

import random

print(random.randint(3, 9)) both are included

OUTPUT:

4. CHOICE():

- returns a randomly selected element from the specified sequence.

- The sequence can be a string, a range, a list, a tuple or any other kind of
sequence.

- Syntax :

random.choice(sequence)

- EXAMPLE1:

import random

mylist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(random.choice(mylist))

OUTPUT:

Apple

- EXAMPLE2:

import random

x = "WELCOME"

print(random.choice(x))

OUTPUT :

5. random() :

- generates random floating numbers between 0 to 1 .

- Syntax:

random.random()

- Example:

import random
h= random.random()

OUTPUT: 0.06574383

6. uniform():

- returns a random floating number between the two specified numbers

(both included).

- Syntax :

random.uniform(a, b)
- Example :

import random
print(random.uniform(20, 60))

OUTPUT:

52.343343563

* LISTS :

- Syntax:

List= [ item1 , item2 ]

- EXAMPLE 1:

List= list(("cherry","mango"))

print(List)

OUTPUT: ['cherry', 'mango']

- EXAMPLE 2:

List=[ “cherry”,”mango”,”banana” ]

Print(List[0])

OUTPUT : cherry

Access list items:

a) Range of indexes:

thislist=["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon",

"mango"]
print(thislist[2:5])
#This will return the items from position 2 to 5.
#Remember that the first item is position 0,
#and note that the item in position 5 is NOT included
OUTPUT: ['cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi']

b) Check if items exists:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

if "apple" in thislist:
print("Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list")

OUTPUT: Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list

c) Change item value :

list=["cherry","mango"]

list[1]="strawberry"

print(list)

OUTPUT: ['cherry', 'strawberry']

-> Change item value:

d) Change a range of item value:

list=[“cherry”,”mango”,”strawberry”,”apple”,”banana”]

list[1:3]=[“blueberry”,”orange”]

print(list)

OUTPUT: [‘cherry’,’blueberry’,’orange’,’apple’,’banana’]

e) Insert items: insert() – insert a new list item , without

replacing existing values

list = [“apple”,”banana”,”cherry”]

list.insert(2,”mango”)

print(list)

OUTPUT: [‘apple’,’banana’,mango’,’cherry’]
-> Add list items:

f) Append items: To add an item to the end of the list

list=['apple','banana','orange','mango']

list.append("watermelon")

print(list)

OUTPUT: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'mango', 'watermelon']

g) Extend List: To append elements from another list to the current

list
list=['apple','banana','orange']
l=['cherry','mango']
list.extend(l)
print(list)
OUTPUT: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'cherry', 'mango']

h) Add Any Iterable: The extend() method does not have to

append lists, you can add any iterable object (tuples, sets,
dictionaries etc.).

list=['apple','banana','orange']

tuple=('cherry','mango')

list.extend(tuple)

print(list)

OUTPUT: ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'cherry', 'mango']

-> Remove list items:

i) Remove a specified item: remove() method removes the specified

item
list=['apple','banana','orange']
list.remove('apple')
 print(list)
OUTPUT: ['banana', 'orange']

j) Remove specified index: pop() method removes the specified index.

list=['apple','banana','orange']
list.pop(1)
print(list)
OUTPUT: ['apple', 'orange']
- If index is not specified , last item
will be removed.
list=['apple','banana','orange']
list.pop()
print(list)
OUTPUT: ['apple', 'banana']

-The del keyword also removes the specified

index

list=['apple','banana','orange']
del list[2]
print(list)
OUTPUT: ['apple', 'banana']

- Deleting the entire list

list=['apple','banana','orange']
del list
print(list)

k) clear the list: The clear() method empties the list.

list1=['apple','banana','orange']
list1.clear()
 print(list1)
OUTPUT: []