There are two types of AS numbers: public and private. Public AS numbers can be advertised on the internet while private AS numbers should not. BGP forms neighborships using TCP port 179 and does not require neighbors to be on the same IP subnet. Loopback interfaces can be used as TCP connection endpoints between routers to avoid neighborship failures if direct links go down. The neighbor update-source command is used to configure this.
There are two types of AS numbers: public and private. Public AS numbers can be advertised on the internet while private AS numbers should not. BGP forms neighborships using TCP port 179 and does not require neighbors to be on the same IP subnet. Loopback interfaces can be used as TCP connection endpoints between routers to avoid neighborship failures if direct links go down. The neighbor update-source command is used to configure this.
There are two types of AS numbers: public and private. Public AS numbers can be advertised on the internet while private AS numbers should not. BGP forms neighborships using TCP port 179 and does not require neighbors to be on the same IP subnet. Loopback interfaces can be used as TCP connection endpoints between routers to avoid neighborship failures if direct links go down. The neighbor update-source command is used to configure this.
There are two types of AS numbers: public and private. Public AS numbers can be advertised on the internet while private AS numbers should not. BGP forms neighborships using TCP port 179 and does not require neighbors to be on the same IP subnet. Loopback interfaces can be used as TCP connection endpoints between routers to avoid neighborship failures if direct links go down. The neighbor update-source command is used to configure this.
here are two kinds of AS numbers: public and private.
T Public AS numbers can be advertised over the Internet. Private AS number should not be advertised over the Internet.
The range for public and private AS numbers is :
● Public AS numbers 1 – 64495 ● Private AS numbers 64512 – 65534 The following numbers and ranges are reserved: ● 0, 64496 – 64511, 65535 When we have a single ISP we can use private AS numbers. If we have different ISPs we need to use Public AS Numbers
Note: BGP does not use multicast but all communication is with unicast pkt.
BGP Neighborship e Overview » Like any other routing protocol, BGP must also complete three steps to get best routes: 1. Form neighborship 2. Exchange topology information 3. Run a best-path algorithm. » BGP forms neighborship using TCP port 179. »BGP neighbors do not need to be on the IP subnet. » To configure eBGP neighbors, use the following commands: router bgp <asn> (global command) neighbor ip-address remote-as <remote-asn> (BGP subcommand)
» The followingrequirements must be metfor routersto become neighbors:
● A local router’s ASN(on the router bgp asn command)must matchthe neighboring router’s reference to that ASN with its neighbor remote-as asncommand. ● The BGProuter IDsof the two routersmust not bethe same. ● If configured, MD5authenticationmustpass. ● Each router must be part of a TCP connection with the other router, with theremote router’s IPaddress used in that TCP connectionmatchingwhat the local router configuresin a BGP neighbor remote-ascommand.
» The BGP router-ID is elected as follows:
1. Use configured Value ( gp router-id <rid> b 2. HighestIP address of anyup/up loopbackinterface 3. HighestIP address of any up/upnon loopbackinterface
» The third requirement for BGP neighborship is the MD5 authentication check.
n This command must be configured on both routers and match.
ote: BGP carry password in TCP header (EIGRP andOSPF carry it in their own header) N 0 - you can enter plain text password (it still be md5 hash password) 7 - You need to put pre-encrypted password
GP Update Source and multihop requirement
B » The local router tries to form a TCP connection with the IP address defined in the neighbor remote-ascommand. This TCP connection should formbefore BGP messages flow over this TCP connection. » Router 1st search for connected route in its routing table to reach neighbor. (If direct route not found, by default eBGP neighborship will not formed) » 2nd The local router then finds the outgoing interface to be used to reach that IP address. » The IP address of theoutgoing interface is usedas the source IP address for TCP connection, by default. » This is true for the other direction as well. » What happens when there are two links or redundant Layer 3 paths between the same pair of routers? » The failure in one link can cause BGP neighborship to fail. » There are two solutions to resolve this issue: Configure two neighbor commands on each router. Use loopback interfaces as the TCP connection endpoints. » The use of two neighborship between the same pair of routers can consume bandwidth and more memory in the BGP table. » To configure eBGP neighborship using loopback interfaces, follow these steps: 1. Configure an IP address on a loopback interface on each router. . Configure the BGP neighbor command on each router to refer to the other router’s 2 loopback IP address 3.Tell BGP on each router to use the loopback IPaddress as the source IP address using the neighbor update-source <ip-address>command. 4. Make sure each router has IP routes so that they can forward packets to the loopback interface IP address of the other router. 5. Configure eBGP multihop using the neighbor ebgp-multihopcommand.
By default, when building packets to send to an eBGP peer, IOS sets the IP Time-To-Live » (TTL) field in the IP header to a value of 1. » as the packet with TTL value of 1 gets dropped. »TTL value is decremented by 1before giving thepacket to the loopback interface hence drop and eBGP neighbors do not come up » To increase TTL value,use the neighbor ebgp-multihopcommand.
» To verify eBGP neighbors, use the following commands:
● show ip bgp summary ● show ip bgp neighbors
LAB
iBGP Neighborship Requirements
» When is iBGP neighborships required? » When two Internet-connected routers need to communicate BGP routes to each other because these routers may want to forward IP packets to the other Internet-connected router. » The neighborship requirements for iBGP are the same as eBGP except for the “asn” value in the neighbor remote-as asn command.
