Handwritten Report

Name: John Philip F.
Patuñgan Grade 8 – Enthusiasm

Unit 6 Industrial Arts Chapter 1 – Lesson 2 lettering
Introduction: A letter, including numbers, is composed for the

purpose of providing ease and speed in
Drawings or graphic representations are communicating ideas. Among drafters, it is
incomplete unless they include the necessary considered the language of writing.
information expressed in letters and numbers.
A letter is each grapheme of the alphabet of a
To a drafter, merely knowing the letters of the phonemic writing system. As a symbol that
alphabet is not enough. He or she must not only denotes a segment of the speech, the letters are
know the style and appearance of the letters of linked to phonetics.
the English alphabet, but also the different types
of classes of letters styles as well. A couple of letters that designate a simple
phoneme are called digraphs.
When lettering, a draftsman should know these
things: how to compose letters correctly, how to The process of drawing the letters that make up
space letters, how to use guidelines, and how to a word without following a predefined alphabet.
make it look neat. Also known as handwriting or typography.
Hand lettering is the process of designing and Its characteristics are having a unique design and
drawing typography by hand. Examples of it are the ability to tweak the strokes of the letter. A
everywhere you look: Restaurant menus, tattoo combination of colors, different shapes, and
parlors, and corporate websites are all ripe with types of letters can be decorated with drawings
custom lettering. to give a touch of personality.
Typographic design makes copy legible, Letters are combinations of the following
clear, and visually appealing to the reader by essential parts:
arranging letters and text. A font's style,
The stem, which is either of the horizontal or
appearance, and structure, which are
vertical units
intended to invoke certain emotions and
communicate specific messages. In short, The swash line, which refers to the oblique
typography is what brings text to life. part
The lobe, which is the curved part
Styles of Letters
There are different styles of letters used today: Gothic or Sans Serif, Roman, Text, Italic, and
Script.
1. Gothic styles or sans serif
- Gothic letters are the simplest and most legible style. This is commonly used on billboards, posters and
car cards.
2. Roman
- A font which is upright, as opposed to oblique or italic. a typeface used in ancient Roman inscriptions.
Two kinds of Roman letters are Old Roman and Modern Roman.
 Old roman style

- It is a combination of Early Classic and Renaissance styles. It is an architect’s general-purpose
letter because of its great beauty. It is used for the construction of buildings as well as for
inscriptions and titles.
 Modern roman style
- Modern Roman evolved during the eighteenth century. It is easy to read but difficult to draw
and is generally used in printing newspapers, magazines, and books. It is the standard letter
style for finished map titles and the names of civil divisions such as countries and cities.
3. Text
- This style includes all types of Old English texts, like the Church text, Block text and German test. It is
widely used today in diplomas, certificate, Bibles, land titles and wedding invitations
4. Italic
- These are slanted letters used in the heading of newspapers, columns, and advertisements. They could be
Roman italic or Gothic italic.
5. Script
- These are writings of the ordinary cursive form commonly used in wedding invitations, diplomas,
certificates and Christmas cards.
Proportion refers to the size of the letters to 1. Compressed

be used in relation to the space that they - The type of proportion that is used
will occupy. There are three proportions of when the space is narrow. The height
letters namely: of letters is greater than normal and
width is lesser.
Compressed, extended and normal
2. Extended
- The type that is applied when the
Ascenders and descenders space is too wide. The height of the
letters is less than but the width is
The lowercase letters that extend up to the greater.
cap lines are called ascenders, while letters 3. Normal
that extend down to the drop lines are called - The type of proportion that follows
descenders. the six-by-six grid proportion for
letters. The height and width are
normal
Slant letters Vertical letters
Slant letters are inclined at approximately 72 Vertical letters are constructed with an
degree or with the ratio of 1:3 with one unit inclination of 90 degrees
horizontal and three units vertical.
Summary:
 For graphics to be complete, letters and numbers must provide all the necessary
information.
 In lettering, letters and numbers are arranged to facilitate and speed up communication.
 To draft a letter that is effective and clear, a drafter must possess excellent writing skills.
 In letter styles, five classes of letters can be distinguished: Gothic or Sans Serif, Roman,
Text, Italic, and Script.
RESOURCES:
Presentation template: https://www.canva.com/design/DAFY5v10ILc/4YmNS5FlgV25-
XrGXV6VdA/edit
Information:
https://marekszkudlarek.wordpress.com/2015/09/20/the-anatomy-of-typography/
https://www.slideshare.net/AngelFlores44/composition-in-lettering
https://aralinks.kitaboo.com/reader/index.html - page 275 - 283
Submitted to: Tr. Haydee Villanueva

Godbless po!

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Name: John Philip F.

Patuñgan Grade 8 – Enthusiasm

Introduction: A letter, including numbers, is composed for the

 Old roman style

Proportion refers to the size of the letters to 1. Compressed

Submitted to: Tr. Haydee Villanueva

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