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Workfunction Guide

This document describes an experiment to determine the work function of a tungsten filament using a Guard Ring Diode tube. It provides background theory on thermionic emission and the Richardson-Dushman equation. The procedure involves taking measurements of anode current and filament temperature at varying filament voltages. A graph of ln(current) vs 1/temperature is plotted and the slope is used to calculate the experimental work function. The expected value is around 2 eV.

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Muhammad Hashir
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289 views

Workfunction Guide

This document describes an experiment to determine the work function of a tungsten filament using a Guard Ring Diode tube. It provides background theory on thermionic emission and the Richardson-Dushman equation. The procedure involves taking measurements of anode current and filament temperature at varying filament voltages. A graph of ln(current) vs 1/temperature is plotted and the slope is used to calculate the experimental work function. The expected value is around 2 eV.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hashir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Farah Aziz PHY-2101P Lab III

Experiment: Find the Work Function of a Tungsten


filament using a Guard Ring Diode (GRD-7)
tube.
Theory
 Work function
o Definition
 Types of electron emission
o Photo electric emission
 Definition
o Field emission
 Definition
o Secondary emission GRD-7 Tube
 Definition
o Thermionic emission
 Definition
 Detailed description
 Richardson-Dushman equation
𝐼𝐴 = Anode Current
2 −
o = (original form of the law)
𝑇 = Temperature of the filament in Kelvins
We modify it to the following form
k = Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10−23 J/K
1
ln 2 = ln 𝜑 = work function in electron Volts
k
𝑒 = Charge on an electron = 1.602 × 10−19 C

y-axis
x-axis
slope

 Types of Cathodes
o Directly Heated Cathode
o Indirectly Heated Cathode 𝑅𝑓
= Resistance of the filament at temperature 𝑇(℃)
 Finding Temperature from Resistance
𝑅0 = Resistance of the filament at zero ℃
o = 0 (1 ) = 0.28 𝛺

𝛼 = Temperature coefficient of resistance


= 0.0045℃−1

𝑇 = Temperature of the filament in ℃


Dr. Farah Aziz PHY-2101P Lab III

−
So that temperature in ℃ is given as: = (℃)
Temperature in Kelvin = ( in ℃) 273
 Guard Ring Diode (GRD-7) Tube
 Procedure
Remember to write the reference/source after each
article!!
filament

Anode

Guard Rings
RingsRings

Observations and Calculations


=
0
273 1⁄
= 0 ln ( 2
)

Filament Filament Filament Filament Anode


voltage current resistance temperature Current
(V) (A) (Ω) (K) (µA) K −1

Here, = 0.0045 C−1 and 0 = 0.28 Ω.

 Take more than 10 readings.


Dr. Farah Aziz PHY-2101P Lab III

 Plot a graph between


ln ( ) (-y axis) and 1⁄ (+x axis). The graph should be a Straight line, with a negative
slope
−
 Find the slope of the Straight line using the formula i.e. = .
−
 The experimental value of the work function in eV is proportional to the slope.
 Use the formula
×
= = eV
 The expected value of the work function is around 2 eV

1⁄ (K −1 )
𝑇  Remember your graph must have
+x axis
SALT!!
ln ( 2 )
𝐼𝑎𝑛

SALT
𝑇

Scale Title
Axes Label
-y axis

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