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TO 3 UTBK
Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.

Gobies are species of fish that can be found in tropical and subtropical waters, including These marine animals
belong to the Gobiidae family and live along the coasts, on sand and around sea reefs. It on its back. It has an average
size of 1-5 centimeters.
Though it is easy to find a goby fish taking their photograph is hard. There are some basic things that make it
difficult to to any movements of approaching them. A goby fish will flee or hide something considered dangerous to them
is approaching.
There are some peculianties in the life of a goby fish. They establish symbiotic relationships or mutualisms with
another marine animal, pistol shrimps. A pistol shrimp (Alpheus spp), a member of the crustaceans, can usually be found
in shallow waters, especially on coral reefs in tropical and subtropical region. This shrimp is also known as snapping
shrimp because it can produce a melting sound when attacked by a predator.
A goby fish and a pistol shrimp live together in one burrow at the bottom of shallow waters at a of about 3-5
meters. Though of different species, both protect each other. The symbiosis hen the pistol shrimp starts to build a burrow
as deep as 5.5 centimeters and a diameter of 3.5 centimeters. The goby fish will then use the burrow as a place to rest
at night. To make sure the e that they inhabit together has enough space for them, the pistol shrimp will excavate the
sand from inside the burrow from time to time.
Both animals do their feeding activities day and night. When exiting the burrow, the goby fish will take the front
position to "guide" the pistol shrimp. This is also done when they return to the burrow. retreating backwards and keeping
its antenna 'in contact with the fish. The pistol shrimp is dependent on the goby fish because it cannot see when darkness
comes. When sensing danger, the goby will move its tail and the movements signal the pistol shrimp of the emergency.
(Adapted from http://nationalgeographic.grid.id/)
1. The phrase "basic things in paragraph 2 "can be 3. The author's intention of writing the sentence 'The
replaced by pistol shrimp is dependent on the goby fish because
A. supporting elements it cannot see when darkness comes' in paragraph 5 is
B. additional features to....
C. serious problems supporting elements additional A. explain the difference between the goby fish
features and the pistol shrimp
D. initial conditions main factors B. describe the physical condition of the pistol
E. main factors shrimp at night
2. What is the main idea of the passage? C. exemplify how the goby fish assists the pistol
A. Togetherness in one burrow between a goby fish shrimp
and a pistol shrimp is important. D. confirm the reliance of the pistol shrimp on the
B. Some marine animals can only be found in goby fish
tropical and subtropical waters. E. illustrate the nightlife of the goby fish and the
C. A goby and a pistol shrimp establish mutualistic pistol shrimp
relationships. 4. What most likely motivates the writer to write the
D. Unlike a goby fish, a pistol shrimp swims passage?
backwards. A. A limited number of readers who know the
E. A goby fish has a larger size than a pistol shrimp mutual relationships between the goby fish and
the pistol shrimp.
B. Limited information about the benefits of the
relationships between a goby fish and a pistol
shrimp.
C. Many readers' misunderstanding of the symbiotic
relationships between sea animals.
D. Readers' lack of knowledge about the
advantages of a goby fish over a pistol shrimp.
E. Minimum information about the kinship between
a goby fish and a pistol shrimp.

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Questions 5-8 are based on the following passage.

The use of narcotics and illegal drugs does not merely have an impact on mental and behavioral disorders. Even
worse, drugs damage the heart and can lead to death. The effects of drugs on the heart vary, ranging from mild, severe,
to death.
There are three types of drugs that cause death in the heart muscle: cocaine, amphetamines, and ecstasy. These
three types of drug substances have a similar effect on the heart. They cause an increase in the catecholamine hormone
which makes the heart work harder. The effect of consuming it is a sudden increase in blood pressure. As a result, the
heart muscles' demand for oxygen increases. The long-term effect of using this type of drug can damage (tie walls of the
blood vessels, both the arteries and coronary arteries. This condition causes a tear in the blood vessel wall. In addition,
damage to the heart muscle can interfere with the heart's pumping function and cause heart rhythm disturbances. The
heart rates can become very fast and a cardiac arrest can happen.
Other groups of drugs that damage the heart are LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) and psilocybin, which causes
hallucinations. the heart rate and blood pressure though it is not as high as that caused by cocaine or amphetamines. A
rare but quite serious effect is a heart rhythm disorder in the form of tachyarrhythmia where the heart rate increases
very rapidly. The next prohibited substance is morphine and its derivatives. The effect of these substances on the heart
is an increase in
Besides LSD, there is morphine which is a strong antidote to pain, but excessive use of this substance will lead
to addiction. The higher the dose is consumed, the greater is the effect in reducing the heart's performance. The fatal
effects comprise, among others, shocks and cardiac reducing the heart's performance. The fatal effects comprise, among
others, shocks and cardiac arrest. Another disorder found in morphine users is pulmonary edema, which is submerged
lungs that can be fatal. The last group is marijuana. In high doses, marijuana causes a decrease in blood pressure and
heart rate, which can lead to fatality. The most severe condition due to marijuana are cardiac arrest and death.
(Adapted from http://id.beritasatu.com/)
5. The types of drug that can stop the heart is 7. Which conclusion is the most appropriate based on
emphasized in paragraph(s) .... the passage?
A. 1 and 3 A. The higher the dose of the drug consumed, the
B. 2 and 3 greater the impact on the heart's health.
C. 3 and 4 B. Taking small amounts of drugs under
D. 4 prescription is allowed for medical reasons only.
E. 2 C. The less drug is consumed, the healthier the
6. Based on the passage, the effect of using large condition of one's heart.
amounts of morphine is.. D. Illegal drugs of the LSD type have a fatal effect
A. hallucinations among the users on the heart's health.
B. dramatic increase in heart rates E. Not consuming drugs can maintain heart's
C. weakening of the hearts performance optimum health.
D. trouble with the heart's pumping function 8. For whom is this passage intended?
E. decrease in blood pressure and heart rates A. Public in general
B. Drug addicts
C. Sick people
D. Pharmacists
E. Physicians

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Persiapan TO 4 UTBK
Questions 9-12 are based on the following passage

The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to the naked eye to change, and as a result
stars are often considered to be fixed in position. Many unaware stargazers falsely assume that each star has its own
permanents home in the night time sky.
In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous distances between stars themselves
and from stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here. An example of a rather fast-moving star demonstrates
why this misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200 years for a relatively rapid star like Bernard’s star to move
a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the earth’s moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars
is contrasted with the movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.

9. According to the passage, the distances between the 11. The passage implies that from Earth it appears that
stars and Earth are the planets
A. Barely perceptible A. Are fixed in the sky
B. Huge B. Move more slowly than the stars
C. Fixed C. Show approximately the same amount of
D. Moderate movement as the stars
E. Predictible D. Move around the earth
10. The word “perceptible” in line 5 is closet in meaning E. Travel through the sky considerably more rapidly
to which of the following? than the stars
A. Noticeable 12. The word “negligible” in line 8 could most easily be
B. Persuasive replaced by
C. Conceivable A. Negative
D. Impalpable B. Important
E. Astonishing C. Insignificant
D. Rapid
E. Distant

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Questions 13-16 are based on the following passage

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction?
When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary
from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example,
temperature may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental
changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better
adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also
revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best-
known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of
life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when species died, mass
extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid change environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of
many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans then the oven
content of Earth would drop, affection even organism not living in the oceans. such a change would probably lead to a
mass extinction
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinction during the past 250 million years have tended to be
more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud
of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may be random.
That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have
nothing to do with his ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially
random events.

13. Why is "plankton" mentioned in the second 15. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding
paragraph? most species in Earth's history?
A. To demonstrate the interdependence of A. They have remained basically unchanged from
different species their original forms
B. To emphasize the importance of food B. They have been able to adapt to ecologic
resources in preventing mass extinction. changes
C. To analogize the total of plankton in the ocean C. They have caused rapid change in t
and living organisms in the land environment
D. To illustrate a comparison between organisms D. They may not be affected by food resources
that live on the land and those that live in the E. They are no longer in existence
ocean 16. The word "demise" in the second paragraph! closest
E. To point out that certain species could never in meaning to....
become extinct. A. change
14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in B. recovery
paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological C. help
change? D. death
A. Temperature changes E. survival
B. Availability of food resources
C. Introduction of new species
D. Inability of a species to adapt to an environment
E. Competition among species

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Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage

Molting is one of the most involved processes of a bird's annual life cycle. Notwithstanding preening and constant
care, the marvelously intricate structure of a bird's feather inevitably wears out. All adult birds molt their feathers at least
once a year and upon close observation, one can recognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that are nearing
the end of their useful life. Two distinct processes are involved in molting. The first step is when the old, worn feather is
dropped, or shed and replaced. The second is when a new feather grows in its place. When each feather has been shed
and replaced, then the molt can be said to be complete. This, however, is an abstraction that often does not happen:
incomplete, overlapping, and arrested molt are quite commits common.
Molt requires that a bird find and process enough protein to rebuild approximately one-third of its body weight. It is
not surprising that a bird in heavy molt often seems listless and unwell. But far from being random, molt is controlled by
strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at the time of least
stress on the bird. Many songbirds, for instance, molt in late summer, when the hard work of breeding is done but the
weather is still warm and food still plentiful. This is why the woods in late summer onten seem so quiet, when compare
with the exuberant choruses of spring.
Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process. Some species, for example, begin by stopping
the outermost primary feathers on each side (to retain balance in the air) and wait until the replacement feathers are about
one-third grown before shedding the next outermost, and so on. Others always start with the innermost primary feathers
and work outward. Yet other species begin in the middle and work outward on both weeks while the replacement feathers
grow.

17. The passage mainly discusses how .... 19. Some birds that are molting during flight by ....
A. birds prepare for breeding A. constantly preening and caring for their
B. bird feathers differ from species remaining feathers
C. birds are affected by seasonal change B. dropping particular feathers on each sides
D. birds produce their wonderful songs periodically
E. birds shed and replace their feathers C. adjusting the angle of their flight to compensate
18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a for lost feathers
reason that songbirds molt in the late summer? D. only losing one-third of their feathers
A. Fewer predators E. shedding all feathers on each side at a time
B. The weather is still warm 20. The word "notwithstanding" in the first paragraph is
C. The songbirds have finished breeding closest in meaning to...
D. Food is still available A. because of
E. The food supply is still abundant B. instead of
C. in case of
D. in view of
E. in spite of

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