The Indicative Mood

The indicative mood
In the indicative mood, there are 8 tenses: there is one present tense, there are 5 past tenses, and 2
future tenses. Of the above 8 tenses, 4 are simple, and 4 are 'compound' -- there are 3 compound
past tenses and 1 compound future tense. The compound tenses are created with the help of the
modal verb 'kam'.
1. Koha e tashme of Albanian corresponds to the 'present' and 'present continuous' tenses of
English. When po is placed in front of an Albanian verb that is in the present tense, the 'present
continuous' is the English tense that better reflects the meaning. Examples:
The sentence
Unë nuk flas shqip.
is translated in English as
I don't speak Albanian.
However,
Unë nuk po flas shqip.
should be translated using the present continuous of English:
I am not speaking Albanian.
The conjugation of 'jam' in the present indicative:
English Albanian

I am unë jam
you are ti je
he/she is ai/ajo është
we are ne jemi
you are ju jeni
they are ata/ato janë
The conjugation of 'kam' in the present indicative

English Albanian
I have unë kam
you are ti ke
he/she has ai/ajo ka
we have ne kemi
you have ju keni
they have ata/ato kanë
As you see, the difference between 'to be' and 'to have' is that one has a 'j' and the other has a 'k'
instead. ('është' is another difference, but 'është' is probably a loan-word from Latin.)
2. The past tenses. These are e pakryer (imperfect), e kryer e thjeshtë (simple perfect), e

kryer (perfect), më se e kryer (more than perfect), and e kryer e tejshkuar (past perfect). The 3
last ones are 'compound tenses'; for a given verb, the compound past tenses are formed by using
the present tense, the imperfect, or the simple perfect of verb 'kam' + the past participle of the
verb.
Koha e pakryer.
This is the imperfect tense of Albanian. This tense is used for incompleted or habitual actions in
the past. Examples:
The sentence
Unë lexoja kur më more në telefon.
I was reading when you called.
When the sentence,
Para 3 vjetësh vrapoja çdo ditë.
is translated into English, the construct 'used to' should be employed:
3 years ago I used to run every day.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e pakryer' tense.

English Albanian
I was, I used to be unë isha
you were, you used to be ti ishe
he/she was, he/she used to be ai/ajo ishte
we were, we used to be ne ishim
you were, you used to be ju ishit
they were, they used to be ata/ato ishin
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e pakryer' tense.

English Albanian
I had, I used to have unë kisha
you had, you used to have ti kishe
he/she had, he/she used to have ai/ajo kishte
we had, we used to have ne kishim
you had, you used to have ju kishit
they had, they used to have ata/ato kishin
As you see, the difference between the imperfect tenses of 'to be' and 'to have' is that 'to have' has
a 'k' more than 'to be'.
Koha e kryer e thjeshtë. This is the 'simple perfect' tense of Albanian. This tense is used for
actions that have been completed in the past.
Examples:
The sentence
Unë lexova 2 kapituj.
I finished reading 2 chapters.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e kryer e thjeshtë' tense.

English Albanian
I was unë qeshë
you were ti qe
he/she was ai/ajo qe
we were ne qemë
you were ju qetë
they were ata/ato qenë
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e kryer e thjeshtë' tense.

English Albanian
I had unë pata
you had ti pate
he/she had ai/ajo pati
we had ne patëm
you had ju patët
they had ata/ato patën
Koha e kryer. This is a compound tense. It is formed by adding the present tense of 'kam' to the
past participle of a verb. This tense is used for actions that have been completed in the past.
Examples:
The sentence
Unë kam lexuar 2 kapituj.
I have read 2 chapters.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e kryer' tense.

English Albanian
I have been unë kam qenë
you have been ti ke qenë
he/she has been ai/ajo ka qenë
we have been ne kemi qenë
you have been ju keni qenë
they have been ata/ato kanë qenë
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e kryer' tense.

English Albanian
I have had unë kam pasur
you have had ti kam pasur
he/she has had ai/ajo ka pasur
we have had ne kemi pasur
you have had ju keni pasur
they have had ata/ato kanë pasur
Koha më se e kryer. This is a compound tense. It is formed by adding the imperfect ('e pakryer')
tense of 'kam' to the past participle of a verb. This tense is used for actions that had been
completed in the past.
Examples:
The sentence
Unë kisha lexuar 2 kapituj.
I had read 2 chapters.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'më se e kryer' tense.

English Albanian
I had been unë kisha qenë
you had been ti kishe qenë
he/she had been ai/ajo kishte qenë
we had been ne kishim qenë
you had been ju kishit qenë
they had been ata/ato kishin qenë
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'më se e kryer' tense.

English Albanian
I had had unë kisha pasur
you had had ti kishe pasur
he/she had had ai/ajo kishte pasur
we had had ne kishim pasur
you had had ju kishit pasur
they had had ata/ato kishin pasur
Koha e kryer e tejshkuar. This is a compound tense as well. It is formed by adding the 'simple
perfect' tense of 'kam' to the past participle of a verb. This tense is used for actions that had been
completed in the past.
Examples:
The sentence
Unë pata lexuar 2 kapituj.
I had read 2 chapters.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e kryer e tejshkuar' tense.

English Albanian
I had been unë pata qenë
you had been ti pate qenë
he/she had been ai/ajo pati qenë
we had been ne patëm qenë
you had been ju patët qenë
they had been ata/ato patën qenë
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e kryer e tejshkuar' tense.

English Albanian
I had had unë pata pasur
you had had ti pate pasur
he/she had had ai/ajo pati pasur
we had had ne patëm pasur
you had had ju patët pasur
they had had ata/ato patën pasur
3. The future tenses. These are koha e ardhme (the simple future tense), and koha e ardhme e
përparme (the compound future tense).
Koha e ardhme.
This is very similar to the future tense of English. It is formed by putting 'do të' (or less formally
simply 'do') before a verb. Examples:
The sentence
Unë do të lexoj 2 kapituj.
I shall read 2 chapters.
or
I am going to read 2 chapters.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e ardhme' tense.

English Albanian
I shall be unë do të jem
you will be ti do të jesh
he/she will be ai/ajo do të jetë
we shall be ne do të jemi
you will be ju do të jeni
they will be ata/ato do të jenë
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e ardhme' tense.

English Albanian
I shall have unë do të kem
you will have ti do të kesh
he/she will have ai/ajo do të ketë
we shall have ne do të kemi
you will have ju do të keni
they will have ata/ato do të kenë
Koha e ardhme e përparme.

For a given verb, this tense is formed by the simple future of 'kam' and the past participle of the
verb. It is used to describe actions, which from a point of reference in the future, belong to the
past. Examples:
The sentence
Unë do të kem lexuar 2 kapituj.
I shall have read 2 chapters.
Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e ardhme e përparme' tense.

English Albanian
I shall have been unë do të kem qenë
you will have been ti do të kesh qenë
he/she will have been ai/ajo do të ketë qenë
we shall have been ne do të kemi qenë
you will have been ju do të keni qenë
they will have been ata/ato do të kenë qenë
Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e ardhme e përparme' tense.

English Albanian
I shall have had unë do të kem pasur
you will have had ti do të kesh pasur
he/she will have had ai/ajo do të ketë pasur
we shall have had ne do të kemi pasur
you will have had ju do të keni pasur
they will have had ata/ato do të kenë pasur
June 8, 2003.

The Indicative Mood

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The Indicative Mood

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The Indicative Mood

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The indicative mood

Unë nuk flas shqip.

Unë nuk po flas shqip.

should be translated using the present continuous of English:

The conjugation of 'jam' in the present indicative:

English Albanian

The conjugation of 'kam' in the present indicative

2. The past tenses. These are e pakryer (imperfect), e kryer e thjeshtë (simple perfect), e

Unë lexoja kur më more në telefon.

I was reading when you called.

When the sentence,

Para 3 vjetësh vrapoja çdo ditë.

is translated into English, the construct 'used to' should be employed:

3 years ago I used to run every day.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e pakryer' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e pakryer' tense.

Unë lexova 2 kapituj.

I finished reading 2 chapters.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e kryer e thjeshtë' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e kryer e thjeshtë' tense.

Unë kam lexuar 2 kapituj.

I have read 2 chapters.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e kryer' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e kryer' tense.

Unë kisha lexuar 2 kapituj.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'më se e kryer' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'më se e kryer' tense.

Unë pata lexuar 2 kapituj.

I had read 2 chapters.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e kryer e tejshkuar' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e kryer e tejshkuar' tense.

Unë do të lexoj 2 kapituj.

I shall read 2 chapters.

I am going to read 2 chapters.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e ardhme' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e ardhme' tense.

Koha e ardhme e përparme.

Unë do të kem lexuar 2 kapituj.

I shall have read 2 chapters.

Conjugation of 'jam' in the 'e ardhme e përparme' tense.

Conjugation of 'kam' in the 'e ardhme e përparme' tense.

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