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Linear Programming

Linear programming is a mathematical optimization method used to achieve the best outcome in a given model by representing requirements as linear relationships. It finds the optimal point on a polytope that maximizes or minimizes a linear function subject to linear constraints. Linear programming can be applied across various fields like business, economics, and engineering for problems involving transportation, energy, manufacturing, and more.

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146 views

Linear Programming

Linear programming is a mathematical optimization method used to achieve the best outcome in a given model by representing requirements as linear relationships. It finds the optimal point on a polytope that maximizes or minimizes a linear function subject to linear constraints. Linear programming can be applied across various fields like business, economics, and engineering for problems involving transportation, energy, manufacturing, and more.

Uploaded by

khushbuamar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear programming

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Linear programming (LP) is a mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the


best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a given mathematical model for
some list of requirements represented as linear relationships.

More formally, linear programming is a technique for the optimization of a linear objective


function, subject to linear equality and linear inequality constraints. a linear programming
method will find a point on the polytope where this function has the smallest (or largest)
value if such point exists, by searching through the polytope vertices.

Linear programming can be applied to various fields of study. It is used most


extensively in business and economics, but can also be utilized for some engineering
problems. Industries that use linear programming models include transportation,
energy, telecommunications, and manufacturing.

Uses
Linear programming is a considerable field of optimization for several reasons. Many
practical problems in operations research can be expressed as linear programming
problems. Certain special cases of linear programming, such as network flow problems
and multicommodity flow problems are considered important

Operation research-

Operational research encompasses a wide range of problem-solving techniques and methods applied
in the pursuit of improved decision-making and efficiency. [2] Some of the tools used by operational
researchers are statistics, optimization, probability theory, queuing theory, game theory, graph
theory, decision analysis, mathematical modeling and simulation. Because of the computational
nature of these fields, OR also has strong ties to computer science and analytics. Operational
researchers faced with a new problem must determine which of these techniques are most
appropriate given the nature of the system, the goals for improvement, and constraints on time and
computing power.

Work in operational research and management science may be characterized as one of three
categories:[3]

 Fundamental or foundational work takes place in three mathematical


disciplines: probability, optimization, and dynamical systems theory.
 Modeling work is concerned with the construction of models, analyzing them
mathematically, implementing them on computers, solving them using software tools, and
assessing their effectiveness with data. This level is mainly instrumental, and driven mainly
by statistics and econometrics.
 Application work in operational research, like other engineering and economics' disciplines,
attempts to use models to make a practical impact on real-world problems.

The major subdisciplines in modern operational research, as identified by the journal Operations


Research,[4] are:
 Computing and information technologies
 Decision analysis
 Environment, energy, and natural resources
 Financial engineering
 Manufacturing, service sciences, and supply chain management
 Policy modeling and public sector work
 Revenue management
 Simulation
 Stochastic models
 Transportation

Business statistics-

The present status of computer usage in introductory statistics courses for business schools is
peripheral and not central to the learning objectives of statistics. There are many reasons for this slow
integration of the computer into basic statistics courses at the university level, such as little faculty
reward or limited resources. This integration of the computer can be accelerated: by creative solutions
to academic environment issues; by major changes in textbooks, in exam formats, and in classroom
presentations which incorporate the use of statistical software and analyze real data; by giving
projects that cannot be analyzed by hand, but only on a computer; by careful selection of statistical
packages; and by the sharing of integration ideas between academic institutions. The net result would
be greater usage of the computer and statistics in other disciplines-as well as in the real business
world.

SPSS is an essential feature of statistical analysis for many social science researchers.
It is also widely used in business. However, SPSS is also a company with many products
other than the statistical package for which it is best known.

SPSS
1. SPSS stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. When SPSS was
first established in 1968, SPSS as a company and SPSS as a software package were
one and the same. Since then, SPSS as a company has branched out into other areas
of statistics-related software. Over time, the company came to be known as SPSS, Inc.
to differentiate itself from its original product, which was known simply as SPSS, or
SPSS software.

SPSS Software
2. SPSS software was designed to perform statistical analysis on quantitative data.
In plain English, SPSS software is used for complex calculations to analyze numerical
data. SPSS software is used in nonprofit agencies, educational institutions and even in
business to analyze numerical data. It performs functions such as regression, which is a
form of predictive calculation used to determine the relative effect of a single factor on a
situation.

Advantages of ms-word-
Microsoft Word is the word processing component of the Microsoft Office Suite, and is
one of the most extensively used computer applications. 
Its advantages include: 

 It allows easy and near-instant textual input. 


 There is a large variety of formatting options, including a variety of colour
choices, the ability to change font-weight (bold/regular), underlining, etc. 
 Images can be 'drag-and-dropped' into the application, inserted manually, or
imported from the word-art galleries.
 Lists can be easily created and formatted. 
 Content is displayed using the standard HTML formatting, allowing great
compatability and creating a standardised, easy-to-control layout.
 Compatible with a large number of standard document formats.
 Extensive help documentation.
 Self-explanitory dialogue boxes and menu options.
 increased office efficiency
 improved human resource utilization

advantages of ms-excel

Entering Data

Editing

Calculations

Data Analysis

Reporting
Importance of operating system
1. It moderates the relationship between the computer and its peripherals
2. It helps in the management of files,- copying, deleting, moving of files from one storage
location to the other.
3. It encourages the memory for its efficient usage and thus adding the speed of the
computer.
4. It manages the activities of the processor in terms of job execution according to the
priority of arrival ,of jobs
5. It informs the user of nay hardware or software error
6. It makes communication between the computer and the user or the operator possible.

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