CHAPTER 3 oO CEE EEE EE EHS BE Eee EB eI Eee3.1 Determine the torque T which causes a maximum shearing stress of 70 MPa in cauicucttaas the steel cylindrical shafi shown. Y ‘one SOLUTION Tur FE T= Fe" . T= Fetes Elo) (yoviot) = Ga) Nem HOOF oomE = 87.3 xI0% Pa 87.3 MPa - PROBLEM 33 33 Krowing thatthe internal dameter ofthe hollow sha shown is d= 09 ing determine the maximum shearing stress caused by « torque of magnitude T= 9 kip-in. SOLUTION - : C2 = £dy=(FYI-€) = 0.8 in C= O.B me. r Cy = ka, = (RIO.4)= 0.45 in 7 T= Hlet-o')= F(0.8"- 0.45") = 0.5790 int "d = Te, (Q)(0.8) ~ : “| Toe = BE = UB = 12.44 ksi < PROBLEM 3.4 3.4 Knowing that d~ 1.2 in., determine the torque T which causes a maximum shearing stress of 7.5 sl in the hollow shat shown, SOLUTION - Cy? ZA, =(F\(UCV= 0.8 iw 0.8 iw Cake, = (4112) = 0.6 in J=E(c'- 6!) = (0.8 0.6") = 0.4398 in? : mc = EE 1.6 in, S = Dhow - (0.4348 )(7.5) _ : Ts em Oe = 4.12 Kip-in <<35 (a) For the hollow shaft and loading shown, determine the maximum shearing Pare stress. (b) Determine the diameter of a soli shaft for which the maximum shearing stress isthe same asin part a. SOLUTION oF c, = $d, =(4Ko.080) = 0.020 m C, = 4d, =(¢) (0.060) = 0.030" T= 0,030 m I = E(c'- &')= F(0.c80"- 0.020)" = 1.0210 410% m* = Te . (2400\%0.03) _ CD Crore J 7 Leziexo~ = 70,52 10% Pa 70.5 MPa =< 24S a8 Te; r () cs, w= Fe,’ ur aR 3. 2T ._Alayve ee <8 Ss Te = eeeae ee = MEET HNO = Cy = 27.88 x10 m A,= 2C,* [Link] Mm 55.8 mm ae PROBLEM 3.6 4.6 (a) Determine the torque which may be applied to a solid shaft of 90-mm outer diameter without exceeding an allowable shearing stress of 75 MPa. (6) Solve part a, ‘assuming that the solid shaf i replaced by a hollow shaft ofthe same mass and of 90- ea ‘mm inner diameter. (a) For the sofid shaft c= dd = (gi(0.090) = 0.045 m Be Eek = Flo. = 143.14 vio"t mt 2 Toot TE Ts Gaels (aseiot v3.4 10%) = 10.74 «10% New 10.74 KNem ShaPt BC: Tac = $00 +400 = 700 Nem d= 0.046m, C= 0.023 — Tren? Te . 2m = AYlI20) Tr “ (0.0273)5 = 36.C26 x10" Pa 36.6 MPa mt PROBLEM 3.10 4310 The torques shown are exerted on pulleys A and B which ae attached to solid cieular shafts AB and BC. In order to reduce the total mass of the assembly, determine the smallest diameter of shaft BC for which the largest shearing stress inthe assembly isnot increased. SOLUTION Shatt AB? Tyg? 300 Nm, d= 0.030m, 620.015 m the TB = AT. Mao) Tes” 7 (o.015)* = 56.588 x10° Po = 56.6 MPa Shaft BC: Tee = 300+400 = 700 Nem d* 0,046m, C= 0.23 m > Te = BT, Qi) cen Toay > F Wes * (6.0287 = 36.626 #108 Pa = 36.6 HPa The Pargest stress (56.588 10° Pa) cccums in portion AB Reduce the diameter oP BC te provide te same stress, Tac = 700 Nem Toe? ES = 25 = 7.828 x10 Sm CF RBIS HIO* in d= 20 = 34.7910 'm 51.8 mn oteee eee el aot aaa : 3.11 Knowing that each portion of the shaft AD consists of a solid circular rod, PROBLEM 3.11 108, co Tee 2 2. @agrie) =C2.788x10'fa = G2. MPa ShaFt CO Teg = OF X10? Nan catel = 0.023 m Yq = TE = BE = DOHC) — goaarS he 70.4 MPa 4.14 Under normal operating conditions, the electric motor exerts a torque of 2.4 PROBLEM 3.14 kN'm at 4.” In order to reduce the mass of the assembly, determine the smallest diameter of shaft BC for which the largest shearing stress in the assembly is not increased. SOLUTION See solution to problem 8.14 for Figure and For maxi mum shearing stresses in value ¢s ns AB, BC, and “ED ot the shaht. The laryes = 77.625 *10* Pa oceunng in AB. Adjvst diameter of BC te obtam the same valve oP stress vy-Te - J Te e@=345 -2 xjo%, He ~ 112685 40 C= ads IT mm d= Ze= 4RBH/O m 423 mm —e = 1 BHS ISS wePROBLEM 3.15 3.15 The allowable stress is 15 ksi inthe 1.5-in-diameter rod AB and 8 ksi in the 1 8:in-diamer rod BC. Neglecting the effect of stress concentrations, determine the CF 1 ste SOLUTION ‘ largest torque that may be appli at 4. Ka i, JB") re En, Bass ShaFt At Tone = 1S ksi eskd= 075m Ts Flows Ps) = 4.14 kip -in Shaht BCR Tie = B ksi cH kd = 090m T = [Link]'(a)= FIG Kiprin The eDDowable torque is the smaffer value T2416 Kipein 3.16 The allowable stress is 15 ksi in the steel rod AB and 8 ksi i the brass rod PROBLEM 3.16 BC. Knowing that a torque T~ 10 kipvin. is applied at 4, determine the required diameter of (a) rod AB, (6) for BC. SOLUTION te TS, S28, C=, Shaft AB! T= 10 Kip-in Conny = AS esi a, (2\ie) int ce 3s) 7 0.4244 iw C= O.7SISin d= 26 * 1,503 in = Shaft BC: T=/0 kipsin Coane = B Ki 3, (ale) — Oe egy = 019577 im © = 0.9267 in d= Ze = 1,853 in, ~« 7} Se ee ro3.17 The solid rod AB has a diameter dg = 60 mam. The pipe CD has an outer PROBLEM 3.17 diameter of 90 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing that both the rod and the Pipe are made ofa stel for which the allowable shearing stress is 75 MPa, determine the largest torque T which may be applied at A. SOLUTION Thay = 15 M108 Pa Tee * Tw Red AB! c= 4d > 0.080m, Sake" Tew = $3 Ley = B(0.030)75 "10% = 3.181 #107 Nem Pipe CDs CC, = FA, *O.0WSm — C8 Cg E 8 0,045+0.295 = 0.089 m T= E(c,'- 6") = F(o.04s*- 0.037") = 2.8073 xis" m* = (2.8073 x)0% is x08) 2 Ne Tor = Oe if = 4.67970" Nem AfPowable torqve is the smader Value (3.18 *10" Nem) 3.13 KNom — — 3.18 The solid rod AB has a diameter d, 60 mm and is made of a stel for which the allowable shearing stessis 85 MPa, The pipe CD has an outer diameter of 90 mm, and a wall thickness of 6 mm; it is made of an aluminum for which the allowable shearing stress is 54 MPa, Determine the largest torque T which may be applied at 4 PROBLEM 3.18 SOLUTION Rod AB? Taye BS¥I0° TR, catd= 0.030 m Teg = St ety, = Ee.c20}(asxiot) = 3.60810" Nem Pipe CD! ty = SHul0® Pa, = ba, = 0.045 m C, = C,-t = 0.045-0.006 = 0.03% T= E(c!- c!) = [email protected]*-0.089") = 2.8073 vid mt 2-2 __( 2.2073 x10 )(s4 #108) 3. Tey = a = ie = 3.36708 Jem tiowabde torque is smather value Tey? 3.36410" Nom 3.37 KNem =PROBLEM 3.19 3.19 The allowable stessis 30 MPain the brass rod 48 and 25 MPain the aluminum rod BC. Knowing that a torque 7 = 1250 N-mis applied at A, determine the required diameter of (a) rod 4B, (8) for BC, SOLUTION =e ~ Zc! 2v Tee = TE T= Fe On Te, t c8o(2WU250_ -. 2 iE Rod ABE aT a ey = IS US IO? CF RSISHIO™ Mm = 2ST mm dye= Re = 50.3 mm « od BC? 3. 4X1250) = “Sd Rod Bi ¢ 7 asxio*) 31,881 X10°% we’ C= 3L6axIo*m = 31.6¢ mm de® ZO 63.4 mm = PROBLEM 3.20 4.20 The solid rod BChas a diameter of 30 mmand is made an aluminum for which thellowable shearing stress is 25 MPa. Rod AB is hollow and has an ower diameter i ‘of 25 mam itis made a brass for which the allowable shearing sre is 50 MPa nical Determine (a) the largest inner diameter of rod AB for which the factor of safety is the ‘same for each rod, (6) the largest torque that may be applied at A. . SOLUTION a Solid rod BC: toe g2ke’ Can= 25 *10% Fo. Catd = 0.015m Tat = Ec* tg = Z([Link] asxio% ) = 132.536 Nem 132,536 Nem 2 Wellow vod AB? Thy = 5O0*10% Pa Ten C= td, = $(0.0%5) = 0.025 m CQ a 1 Ty = Stee ~ ¥(c'- 0,1) Yo nt _ 2Twee _ + (2XU032.536 0.0125) _ oy QF C2 Tie 7 0.0148" ~ (50 HoFY = 8.3208 1s" m' Ct 7574 1OF mM = 7ST em dt 2c = 15.18 mm Adfovabte torque Tae = 182.5 Nem —3.21 A torque of magnitude T= 1000 N-m is applied at D as shown, Knowing that PROBLEM 3.21 . the diameter of shaft 4B is $6 mm and the diameter of shaft CD is 42 mm, determine the maximum shearing stress in (a) shaft AB, (6) shaft CD. SOLUTION Tee = 1000 Nim Tan = FP Tog = 122 (1000) 2500 Nem Shalt ABE Ce dad = 0,028 m r+ te > ag - use) FawSO «10° TA5 MPa me Shaft BC: C= Hd = 0.020 m v= Te 35, - me) 68.7 *lo* 68.7MPa < PROBLEM 322 3.22 A torque ofmagniude 7= 1000 Nis applied at Das shown. Knowing that the allowable shearing stress is 60 MPa in each shaft, determine the required diameter ‘of (a) shaft 4B, (8) shaft CD. SOLUTION Teo = 1000 Nery Tho * FP Teo = 122(1000) = 2500 Nem Shaft AB: Tey = 6Oxf0% Pa Tv av Yas tele. ay cts 2B . Biase) _ CF R482 KIO = 29.82 mm a= 2c SRE mm « Shaft CD: Tare = 6O%10° Pa : ie . 20 4, 20. axllooo) = © ind Trp tes oars rleowos = [0-81 KIo m 21.97 * 10% m = 2/47 mm d= 20 = 43.9 mm = c[Link].3.24 Under normal operating conditions a motor exerts torque of magnitude PROBLEM 323 Ty 1200 in. at F. Knowing that the allowable searing sess is 10.5 sl in each sta, for the given data, determine the required diameter of (a) shaft CDE, (6) shaft FGH. SOLUTION BB ry = Bing ro~3in. Tr = 1200 db. iw Te= % T. = ¥G200) = 3200 db-tn Tat = 10.5 isi = 12500 psi >is. 40 3. 2T Tt He, OTe (a) Shaft CDE of = 220) __ s 7 ios00) 0.194012 iW’ G > 0.5784 Aye = ROT VUISB ine = (b) Shedt FGH 3. ZICI200) _ 3 = tesaay = 0-072787 in C= 0.4174 in dye = RO 7 0.835 in = 3.28and 3.24 Under normal operating conditions a motor exerts torque of magnitude eae y= 1200 bin at F. Knowing thal the alowabl shearing sues 10.5 ksi inca cha, for the given data, determine the required diameter of (a) shat CDE, (0) shall FGH. SOLUTION 324 y= Bin, rg=Bin Tp = 1200 db-in Te = EG = 3 200) = 450 Mein. p Vay= 10.5 ksi = 10500 psi % Eee doue Te 3. 27 ve py trer Ct a9? Shaft CDE a. QY4Se) _ wa ¢ 2 ise. = 0.027284 iw C = 0.80105 in doe = 26 = 0.60R in ~< Shaft FGH ~ QUz00) _ we CO = Togeey 7 (0-078757 i © = O4I74 iv. Ore = ZO = 0.B8T in =3.25. Under normal operating conditions a motor exerts a torque of magnitude T; at PROBLEM 3.25 F. The shafts are made of a steel for which the allowable shearing stress is 12 ksi and ‘have diameters of dope = 0.900 in. and dry = 0.800 in. Knowing that rp = 6.5 in, and SOLUTION 1" 4.3 in, determine the largest torque, which may be exerted at Tay = 12 ksi Shaft FG: ¢=td = 0,400 in Tear SEs ES ey ; = F(o.4v0y(12\ = 1.206 vp ime Shaft DE: c=¢d= 0.980 iw Tet Fet ty = E(onse2) = 1.717 Tee a Te? BE (LNTT) = 1189 beipoin Aowable valve of Tr is N kipsin + he smaller Trae = 1487 Kipein ma 3.26 The two solid shafts are connected by gears as shown and are made ofa steel for which the allowable shearing stress is 60 MPa. Knowing that a 600 Nem-torque ‘Te is applied at C, determine the required diameter of (a) shaft BC, (b) shait EF. PROBLEM 3.26 SOLUTION Shaft BO: Te = GOO Nem, Zag = GOxIO* Pa, ve - 2, = FE = BRR = 6.36620 10% C+ 18.5360 m= IBS8mm, dg =2E=Bl mm me Sheft EF: Te = Br = 2 (600) = 375 N-m Te . ar 3, aT. (2)(375)_ - 573 ces an ats Fes Se 2 89787015 wd CF IS, BMIS® m = SBS mm, Aes 20-312 mm3.27 The two solid shafts are connected by gears as shown and are made of a steel {for which te allowable shearing stress is SO MPa. Knowing thatthe diameters ofthe ‘two shafts are, respectively, dj" 40 mm and dye = 32 mum, determine the largest torque T which may be applied at C. PROBLEM 3.27 SOLUTION Shaft AC! Vn? SOW Pa, C =x = 0.020 m Ty se 2 Fox = E(0.020)°(Sor109 = 628.3 Nem ShaPt DF# Trg? SOME Pa, C=4d= 0.016 m The x =Eetrs E([Link] (sox 10") = 321.7 Nem From Stobves? Tes eT, = 2203217) = S147 Nem Yo se APfowable valoe oF Te is the smadler, ie. Te = SIS Nein ~«< PROBLEM 328 4.28 Inthe bevehear system shown @ = 18.43°, Knowing that the allowable staring stress 8 ks in each sha, determine the largest torque, which may be osin applied at 4 = SOLUTION Shaft AP T= Bksi c=td=0,.2Fm he i sier= FE (o.2svla) = 0.19635 Kip-in <> Shat Bt Te Bksr capd= 0.3125 in . To= EE = Bete = F(o.s1as Tle) = 0.3838 kipein Fron Statics? T= iT. = (fan) Ta = (fan 18.48°)(0. 9885) = ONAN kip- APowahLe valve Ff Ta is the smabler Ta = Ot278 kepein = 127.8 doin = [ [ peer( i E+?) Te - Te =0 for sodid shabt (B), = Se (solid shed) 3.29 (a) For a given allowable stress, determine the ratio Tiw of the maximum OBee Se allowable torque 7 and the weight per unit length w for the hollow shaft shown. (5) Denoting by (Pn) the valve of this ratio computed fora sobid sa ofthe same ads ej, expres the ratio Ti forthe bolow shaf in terms of (Tiw) and ee. y SOLUTION w= weight perunt fergth » Tm specific weight we bane weight, Le “nail we a a a4: YA = ¥7 (¢,*- 6,4) TM . 2 oYct w (esse Ket-¢") Mi. bane y . rete Mecsas) ty oe Bers a) (holes shaft) (tw), 4 C7). * Ca* (FL (+e sy « de, 7+ ot DS? = 87.2610 med, Ls 4FR = 4B in T2E(G,"-,") = £(0.764- 0.5") = 0.39884 int t 7 BRS 35 7 + Ramat og 98 87. 286 o/s #28279 «10° Mein = 2.83 kip-in = A= (¢,*- ¢') Solid shPt A = TIc* = 0.75*- 0.87 = 0.3125 in® I= Bet = [Link])' = 153.398 x10°* in* ce 6-4, > Th _ _(4.8274y107 )(48) a 3 9 GF * SamoryessieweT 7 WERT MIO med 13.00" ~‘3.33 The ship at A has just started to dil fr oil on the ocean for ata depth of PROBLEM 3.53 $000 ft. Knowing that the top of the 8-in.-diameter steel drill pipe (G = 11.2 * 10° psi) rotates through two complete revolutions before the drill bit at B starts 10 operate, determine the maximum shearing stress caused inte pipe by torsion Qe Qrev (lam) = 12.566 rad, Ca dds 40in L = 5000 4# = 60000 in 7 = WB x108 012. $66 (4.0) Go000 = 93826xlo' psi = SR ks et PROBLEM 3.34 3.44 Determine the largest allowable diameter of a 3-m-long steel rod (G=77 GPa) ifthe rod isto be twisted through 30° without exceeding a shearing stress of 80 MPa SOLUTION Le 3m, 92 SOT = 523.6410% rd, = g0xI0' Pa. ct : = ie : Glee = e = £b Gray T se, ve + Gee = Gee oe FF cg = (80 #101 2-0) [ me I = S953 mi Crise? (s23.er103] 7 SASSO = S983 mm d= er Id mm =< 3.38 The torques shown ar exerted on pulleys A and B. Knowing that the shafts are PROBLEM 135 solid and made of aluminum (G = 77 GPa), determine the angle of twist between (a) 7 A and 8, (0) A and: "7 souution ae Lf ft (Q) Tha = 300 Nem, hae 709m, Cay tel £ 0.015 m ree QD Ta = $(0.015)" = 79.522 *10°7 mt one fon LF SL Pq z Piakat = (300) 44,098 WId* red 77 x1O* = 253" < = 300+ 400 = TOON-m, Lac? O.75m, Cy = kd = 0.028 » re (0.023)"= 439.573 «107 m™ Tae = Telse _ __(700)(0.75) a x1o"® ee See * TONER SamEN) = NSN IO” wad Pac = Pan + Dae, = $9606 010% ped = 3,42" -SSS eee iaaeal 136 The torques shown ae exerted on pulleys B, Cand D. Knowing that the entire PROBLEM 3.36 ‘shaft is made of steel (G = 27 GPa), determine the angle of twist between (a) C and nm 2B, (8) Dani B. SOLUTION seme (g)Sheatt BC: C=hd= 0.0K m Tee = Fe? = 79.522 «107% mo" Leet 0.8m, Ge27m10" fa TL (uso (0.87 Pac ® SF * Bios ra, sa) = 0.199904 wed = B54° me (cb) ShaPt CD: C=4d = 0.013 m Teo = Fe = 164.896 x10" m* Lee= LO m Tag = 400-900 = - SOO Nem - TL , _(-500)(1.0) i Poe ad * Tarai [Link] ~~ O-1/ASO red Dar = Pact Pep = O.1N9OF = 0611220 = 0.08674 rod = A> me 7 3.31 The solid brass rod AB ( PROBLEM 337 ~ 39 GPa is bonded to the solid aluminum rod BC(G= 27 GPA). Determine the angle of twist (a) at B, (0) at, SOLUTION Shaft AB: c=td = 0.0m L= 00m G = 39104 Pa T2180 Norm J = Ret = 79.522"10° m* - Tk 2 (180)(0.280) _ ;3 Gu GF * B08 M74. 52a716 14.10 10" endl Shaft BES C= $d = 0.0m, L = 0.320m G = 27x10" Pa, T= 180 Nem Te Bots 164. 296 x10? m* 7 (180)(0.320) saeay aie Pac * TarvioTYIeRBAG TOT 7 | A87*IO red Answers! (Q) Qy> Dye = 12.987 x 10S Mad = 0. 741° = A (= et Pro = 27-497 Io vad = 1.573"1 | Poe + | J PROBLEM 3.38 3.38 The brass rod 48 (G = 5.6 «10 psi) is bonded to the aluminum rod BC (G= 3.9 0 psip. Knowing that each rod is solid, determine the angle of wist (mB, (atc. SOLUTION Both portions 24d = 0.25 in Je Rete 6138901079 in? T= 300 Abin Shaft AB: Gage [Link] per Last 4 ft = 48 in = Tbse Goo? C48) Yo Fre Gat © (Rex E1ebar0) = 0.419 vad = 24.0° = ShaFt BC? Gs» 3.9 10%ps: Len® GFE = 72 in. Pact Thre. _@20)(72) ©" Gul ~ Teaco xia?) = 0.903rad = SIL7° Pe = Pat Pog = 0.417 40.903 = 1.320 red = 75.6% =eSS a eer = 3.39 Two solid steel shafts ( GPa) are connected by the gears shown, Knowing tha the radius of gear B isr 5 =20 rm, determine the angle through which end 4 rotates when T, = 75 Nem PROBLEM 3.39 SOLUTION Calsdation of torques. CircumPerenh'al contact fore between gears Band ¢ > te - T x ekr- Fogh + Teo? i Tae Tae? Tat 75 Nm NX 0.060 (6) « “a Too? 2962 (0S) + 2a5 Nem © Twist in shatt CD Sep = Ba = Fl0.012)" = 2.572016" m', Leg = 0-400 m Th. (ans) (0,900) ET * Gm 082 S72 «1O Rotation ompfe af C Pet Poo = 35.885 210° pact Cireonferenbied displacement ot contact porats of gears B and C Se 1G. = Mee Retetion angle ot Bi gee B+ 3308 (48. e9s016")= 107, 654016" rad G = 77H10" Fe, Pa = 35.285 410° vad, Twist in shaft AB? Jug? Feu = Fl. ah 15.708 x(0"* m’, Lae = 0.500 m * Q5\C 0.500) a 3 G=77x10" Pa, Pre ® SF GH eee) = BLOOF*IT rad Rotation at A Dh: Pot Pry > 1387 #10 nad = 799° ~PROBLEM 3.40 3.40 Solve Prob. 3.39, assuming that a change in design ofthe assembly resulted in the radius of gear B being increased to 30 mm, G277GPa, Vet Somm, Tht 75 Nem Determine the angJe through whieh end A rotates, SOLUTION Sndevdation F torquec CireumPenentigd contact force betwee geers B ond © sett Tee 2 Fae teres Tes = 7 Taw Tre = Ta = 75 Nem Teo = 982-75) = 150 Nem Twist in shalt CD Set Fed = oo gestae he = 0.400 m G= 77x10" Pa, Pag = e * (77 #10°[email protected] w10*) Rotation angle at C Pe = Poo = 23.923K10% rad. 4 = 23.923 #10" vad CircumPerential displacement et contact poms of gears B and 2. S= UG Made Rototion ang de ot B : B2262 (28.903 v10"') = 47.846 410 paad 2 * 0.030 Twist in shaPt AB te = Bag = E(0.010)4 = 15. 708x107 mh gg = 0.500. m ae Th ._Q5)(0.500) - ee FTO" Pa, Ne GF = Gy wor Cie tee wo) 7 SOOMMOT wad Retation ot A Qh = Da* Dg = 7885210 vad = 452° ~«<! ad eee Ps nr 3.41 Two shatts, each of 3 - in. diameter, are connected by the gears shown Knowing that G = 11.2 * 10°psiand thatthe shaft at Fis fixed, determine the angle ‘through which end A rotates when a 750 Ibin, torque is applied at 4. PROBLEM 3.41 SOLUTION Calevdetion of torques Circumterenbia? contact Force between gears Bond E -lk. Te f Ye Ve Twist in shalt FE bees Bin, Tees FO%= F (0.328) = 31.068xke ie" G =I 2H10" par > Teekes cece eee Gee = GP BETO) 7 2499S H10% rad Rotation at E 22.995 FIO ted Tangertiad displacement at gear civede S = Vets = Mada Rotation at B d= % Oe = Ears 1S") = 30.6040 vad Twist in shabt BA La? 6452 Win, Oey = 81063 x10% int ~ Dobe ._ (sercuy _ ose) * Ya? GBg * iBwo WELOBAO®) ~ 73-73 x10" red Ration of A De = Pet Ag 2 3e6COx1o*s 27,713 w10* = $4373 x 10> raat = $.12° «eee | PROBLEM 3.42 SOLUTION Cobcrtation of torques Tangetied contact Force between gears Baud & prio. Te Ter = 8 Tae = 0%) $62.5 fh in Twist in shePt FE 3A Two shalts, each of }- in. diameter, are connected by the gears shown .2.« 10° psi and thatthe shaft at Fis fixed, determine the angle Knowing that G = tough which end A rotates when a 750 Ivin. torque is applied at 4.42 Solve Prob. 3.41, assuming that after a design change the radius of gear Bis 4 in, andthe radius of gear Eis 3 in, Len = Bin, Spee Fete Bl0.30)"+ 81 068 eiet" in? G 211.2108 vs: Gee = Tebte Se 7G Ret ation at E Pe Tansential displacement at qear circle Rotation at B Pe Twist shat AB Lent 645 > Hin, toe bgt yer La x1O* )( 31.063 io” ) = 12.985 115" rad, = 12.988 x10" wad S = 2d: + Vote = hg, = Bc298sew?) © 4.701 10? pad t + Tag = $1.063%/0" in, (soyen) Gee * “GS * Thane Ysnceexio?) * he Rotation at A a = Ot On 4 23. 713 *(0"* rad [Link] fo} + 23.713 Kio* = 33. 41410? red FL giee =<ol — PROBLEM 3.43, SOLUTION 3.43 A coder F, used to record in digital form the rotation of shaft 4, is connected to the shaft by means of the gear tran shown, which consists of four gears and three solid steel shafts each of diameter d. Two of the gears have a radius rand the other two a radius nr. Ifthe rotation of the coder Fis prevented, determine in terms of 7, 1,6, J, and n the angle through which end A rotates. Barks) ~ PROBLEM 3.44 SOLUTION See so/siion to PROBLEM 343 for devedop ment oF equetion For Py 4.43. coder F, used to record in digital form the rotation of shaft 4, is connected to the shat by means of the gear train shown, which consists of four gears and three solid steel shafts each of diameter d, Two of the gears have a radius rand the other two a radius nr. Ifthe rotation ofthe coder F's prevented, determine in terms of 7, 1,G,.J, and n the angle through which end 4 rotates. 3.44 For the gear train described in Prob, 3.43, determine the angle through which end A rotates when 7=0.75 Nem, != 60 mm, d= 4 mm, G= 77 GPa, and n= 2. Ae Fe (i+ hse) Data? T2078 Nm, £2 0.060 m, C= td = 0.002m, G =77x/07Ra, n=2, T= Bet = [Link])' = 25.193 10°" m* - _0.75)(0.0601 te aye ta % C7 IO as. 183 ma (! te tie) = 30.5210" rad, = 1.749? «<Se ee er al 38 The design specifications ofa 2-m-long solid circular transmission shaft require PROBLEM 3.45 thatthe angle of twist of the shaft not exceed 3° when a torque of 9 KN-m is applied, Determine the required diameter ofthe shaft. knowing that the shaft is made of (a) 8 tee! with an allowable shearing stress of 90 MPa and a modulus of rigidity of 77 GPa, SOLUTION (®atroe wthan lvoe sharing ste of 3 MPaanda duh of ey of Q = 3° = S2,.R@OWO™ rad, T= Fx)0% Nem LF20m ge aa 2 ae 2 cle oa9 based on twist omg te t- TE 2 BR on che BE based shearing strove (a) Stee shaft: = 90x10' Pe, G= 7710" Pa 249x107 2.09 ’ 5 ve i ra Based on twist ongle TMI TST BORO) = VEO Ce HOG K/O7 tm = Hh 06 mm a= 2e= 82.1 mm 2 Based on shearing stress obs Catal) F 63.662x10°° m> © = 89.98.4107 m = 89.93 mm d= 2e= 79.4 mm Required value oP d is the Pargen: A= B21 mm “ (b) Bronze shebt = Tr 35x10% fo, Gs 42 «107 Pa so te v2 AVGYION G2) gS .2103 16S wo! Based on tuist angle OF tga Gn scam) * S213 ¥10 v0! C= A7.78xI% m = 47.78 mm d = 2c = 95.6 mm an ~ 2M Awi08) _ ne 3 Based on shearing stress Ch FEET = 168.702 */0°° m Ct SH 7oxlo* mm = St To mm A= Re = 1094 mn Required vaboe of d is the farger A= 104-4 mm -<Se ae ee a eet Fe epee aar 3.46 The design specifications ofa 4-f-long solid circular transmission shaft require thatthe angle of twist ofthe shaft aot exceed 4° when a torque of 6 kipin. i applied Determine the required diameter ofthe shat, knowing that the shaft is made of sted SOLUTION ‘with an allowable shearing stress of 12 ksi and a modulus of rigidity of 11.2 * 10p. Based on twist angde = 9 = HP 269.8 KIOF Wd = LE = 4B in, TF 6 kp-in = 6000 4b My GF HL2 x08 psi Jb. 20 = ATL, (2)(covo)(4a) ga at oct TED = N(namiotVerginios) 7 OHS in! C= 0.696 in A= 20 = 1.892 in Based on shearing stress 2 = 12 ksi = 12000 psi ev: Te. 25 cht @) (6000) _ o 2:92 int + Tot * "(120007 C= 0,683 in Ar 2F 1,366 in, Reqvivest ahiameter is the Pavyer A= 1.392 in. ~1 | eee Poet ion * = lege wn Pa = OF : 3.47 The design of the gear-and-shaft system shown requires that steel shafts ofthe PROBLEM 3.4 same diameter be used for both 4B and CD. Iti further required that Faq, 60 MPa and that the angle through which end D of shaft CD rotates not exceed 1.5°, Knowing that G = 77 GPa, determine the required diameter ofthe shafts. el n % req Tee = Ty * 1000 Hem Tha = BT" BE Gove) = 2500 Nem Fon design based on stress, vse tee fee os 2500 Nem wi. ah ete YM: at. eS Te ~ Tlkox ioty CF AUBRKIOT my = 29.82 mm, I= 26 = 57.6 mm = 26.526 x 10° m? Design bused on notation angle Py + 15° * 26.18 410% rad ShaPt AB! Tig = 2500 Nem, L= Ont m Da * e = QSo2)(o4) . 4e92, = fh = 100, 4000 _ 2500 fe BM OES = |r Sha co Teo ® 10CO Nem, L= 0.6m = TL . oco)(o-6) _ G00 Geo = Ee = tee es) gee i Po Pot Cy = E+ SE = He = Be 4 = (2X3100) ___(@Vfsiec) - 1 ow OF FE aC KReIBMSS) = 177-06 107 m CF Bh46 xO mM = 346 mm ) d = 20 = 2.9 mm Design most use Pager value For ol d= 62.9% mm ~«er = Pas oe a a = PROBLEM 3.48 3.48 The electric motor exerts a torque of 800 Nm on the steel shat ABCD when, it's rotating at constant speed. Design specifications require thatthe diameter ofthe shat be uniform from d to D and thatthe angle of twist between 4 and D not exceed 15°. Knowing that fag,‘ 60 MPa and G» 77 GPa, determine the minimum diameter shaft that may be used. SOLUTION Torq ues Tig = 300 + §00= 800 Nem id Tec = 500 N-m, To =O Design based on a TE = Goxiot Pa 2 te. IT. axe t a «ale TeSTIOey N00) 5.483410 wed © = 20.40%10* m = 20,40 mm, d= Re = HOB mm Design based on dePormation Qpy = 15° 2 2618/0" rad Pore =O = Talee _ (500)(06) _ goo Pus = “EE = ot oF = Lin . (800)(04) dou = Tigjee = {900 (04) 2 320 Oe = Pet Pee + Pau = ge A = Qex~) cts Dee _ @Xe2%e) er > = to ToDa WOT MIP REE XLO ietiaad a: CF QOH m = 2O¥ mm, — A= REF URI mm Design must use Parger value of d d= ART mm ~1 ne 3.49 The solid cylindrical rod BC is attached to the rig lever AB and to the fixed FROBLEM 349 support at C. The vertical force P applied at 4 causes a small displacement A at point 4 ‘4 Show thatthe corresponding maximum shearing sres inthe rod is L a4 ‘where dis the diameter of the rod and G its modulus of rigidity. A SOLUTION A = —,—>® Lever AB toras throogh Q angle te position A'B as gle Pte pes 7 shown in the aur diaey Figure. Vertical olisplacement ig A= a sing? nN from which @ = oresin & The mogtim um shearing stress in rod BC is C2. 6d@ 2 G ind Bn? CT = CL = GIP = GF aresin$ For smth A anand w & = Gad To = BEB. a3.80 and 3.51 The solid cylindrical rod BC of length L = 24 in. is attached to the one. rigid lever 4B of ength a = 15 in. and to the support at C. When a 100-Ib force P is applied at 4, design specifications require thatthe displacement of A not exceed | in. when 2 100-Ib force P is applied at A. For the material indicated determine the required diameter of the rod. 350 Sleek: Fg” 15 ksi, G~ 11.2 * 10° psi SOLUTION At the aPfowable tut angle Sin@= a= i = 0.06667 P= 3.8226" = d.066716 var. T= Pa cos @ = (100 (IS) cos 38226" = 1496.7 Jb in Based on twist = Te BTL ote as : “ae! = AX1896.70(24) ’ . ef = TC aKIOVCOOETIE) = 30.608 x15" in = O.418 in, Based on stress > De = af = 3D (x= 18000 si) vom ae Ps 7 3 cs Fuses) = 63.524 x10} C= 0.397 im, Use targer value fur olesign C=0.399in d= 20 0.837 in, —e _3:[Link] 3.81 The slid cylindrical rod BC of length L = 24 in. i attached to the PROBLEM 351 Fig lever 4B of length a = 15 in. and tothe support at C, When a 100-b force Pis applied at , design specifications require that the displacement of 4 not exceed | in. L ‘when a 100-1 force P is applied at 4. For the material indicated determine the required dameter ofthe rod. BSL Aluminum: tg 10 ksi, G= 3.9 * 10° psi. SOLUTION At the allowable twst angle sin p= A: = 3.8226" = 0.066N16 ped. T= Pa cod = (00 )(IS cos 3.8226" = 1496.7 fein Based on twist g-m. ot o ots 2 2)496.7) (24) a soe i : Cs Eee ae ce) = 87.888x/0" in cr 0.544 in Based on stress = 16 2 20 ~ c= ZE ees0000 psi? = use?) 2 3 yt i . Cs Gite? Teoeo) 7 9S. 283 10° iw C* 0-457 in Use faryer value for design C= O.SU4 in e2er 1.087 in wettL) Ua tt + PROBLEM 352 35? A4-iNmtorque Tis applied at end 4 ofthe composite shat shown. Knowing ‘that the modulus of rigidity is 77 GPa for the steel and 27 GPa for the aluminum, determine (a) the maximum shearing stress inthe steel core, (b) the maximum shearing stress in the aluminum jacket, (c) the angle of twist at 4. SOLUTION Stee? core: c,=4+d, = 0.027 m feat Uy = Bey = E(0.027)" = 934.77 410° ue + = (7x10"Y(839.79 10") = 4, 2841 Baynt a Torque carried by steef cove TGV QLL Aduminum jecket: 6,2 4d, = 0.027m, Cae td, = 0.086 m Th = E(ea'- 6") = $(0.036"- 0.027") = 1.20355 «107° mt Gedy «C2? x10" )(1, 80855 x10) = 48.70 x/08 Nem* Toveue carvied by abominum jacket Th? GT P/L Toad toe T= Tht Th = (GS t+ Gy G/e Ae eeeeta 4x1o C G+ Gd 64 28n08s 48.7608 = 35.406 x10? vad /m (2) Maximum shearing stress in steef core T=GY = aoe = (77107 )(0.027\(35.406 «10"9) = 73.6 x10% Pa 73.6 MPa = (bt) Manimum shearing stress in afuminum jacket t= G&Y=- G ae = (a7 #10" (0.086 (35.406 x07 *) = 34.4 xlo* Py 34.4 MPa - (C) Angle of twist = LE =(esastoexio®) = B8-S¥10% vad = S07" =] tus tl Lo L CI to Ct Us 3.53 The composite shit shown is to be twisted by applying a toque Tat end A. PROBLEM 353 Knowing thatthe modus of righty is 77 GPa forthe ste! and 27 GPa for the aluminum, determine the largest angle through which end A may be rotated if the folowing alowable stests ate not to be exceeded fy = 60 MPO And faye 85 MPs. SOLUTION Tne = G Yong = S CoP Stam Bye Et Far each material secon Se L GC Cnn ‘Aluminum jacket pe SteeP core? — Tap = 60x10" Pay Come ta = 0.022 m, G = 77%I0" Pa = 60x ag geo H10"8 pad /m Lo" (77# 106.027) ~ - Afominver jacket? Tags 45x10" Pa, Cay ha = 0.086m, G= 27x10" Pa =e AS x10 © 2 -$ we Gro Koo) * 46.296 x10* pad/m Smalber valve governs de = 2B,BLOXIO* red /y APowable ante Ptwist — guy > LM = (2.5 \([Link]*) = 72AS KIO vad = 413° =~3.54 The composite shaft shown consists ofa 0.2-in-thick brass jacket (G = 5.6 eoslasaiatasel 10*ps) bonded to a 12-in-diameter steel core (G = 11.2 x 10° pi), Knowing that the shaf is subjected to S-kip‘in. torques, determine (a) the meximum shearing siress oh inthe brass jacket, (b the maximum shearing stress inthe stel core, (c) the angle of twist of end B relative to end 4. iS souvri0N i Bsc Steef core? 6, Fd O.0in aay I, = Ree Elo)" = 0.203575 in® atm “Sete Gd, = (i200. 208577) = 2.2800 ¥108 Ab. in* Torque carried by steeloore TG Z Brass jacket! C,2C,+b = 06 + 0.2 OB in Ge Flc,*-¢") = ¥(0.8"- 0.6") = 0.439823 i Gady = (5.6 w10°0.439823) = 2.4680 x/0% fb-in Torque camied by brass jacket he Gand Total torque TT 4 Ta = (GK + GN )S a 5x10 See = SS dis L GI +Gd, = Zroonots 29egoulo” 1.0892 x10” vad Jin (0) Mezimom shearing stress in brass jacket Tone = Gy You = Gc,# = (5:6 "10% )(0.8 X1.0542 x 107° ) = 4.72 «10% psi WIM we (©) Mavimum shearing stress in steel core Tou = G, Youu = 60,2 = CU. 2410* (0,6001.0542«10") = 7.08 xlo* psi 7.03ksi =a (ce) Angle of twist (Le GH = 72 in) Ge LZ sR 10S42R1O*) = 75,9107 vad = 495° =eee ee aaa aaa ] ‘355 The composite shat shown i to be twisted by applying the torques shown, Koowing thatthe modulus of rigidity is 11.2 « 10° ps forthe stesl and 5.6 x 10° pst forthe bras, determine the largest angle of twist of end B relative to end A. ifthe following allowable stresses are not to be exceeded Fagg 15 ksi and gg, = 8 i PROBLEM “A se SOLUTION a ery 2 OYE Cone oS \ sao Qa a For each metevial Stef core? Tup= 1S ksi = 1$000psi , Come *HA = 0.6 in 1S000 = — 18000 _ sg 232) «10S md Jin L (2 xlO* 0.6) Brass yecketi — Tay= B ksi = 8000 psi, Coup = 0640.2 =O8 im Qu. __ 8000 - Ree Lt’ * Gevio oes 1.7857 «10> rad Zin SmaHer value governs oe = 1.7867 *10"* red in Allowette one of tuist L= 6H = 72in Dar LBs (1aX.r257 «10 > 128.87 )0°* wad = 7.37° ~«| ar Lt eat Lt 4 1 PROBLEM 3.56 3.56 Two sold steel shafts ar ited with flanges which ae then connected by ited bolts so that there is no relative rotation between the flanges. Knowing that G= 77 (GPa, determine the maximum shearing stress in each shaft when a 500 N-m torque is SOLUTION re Shaft AB T= Tag, br 0.6m, Catd= 0.0ifm = Rots Eo.) = 7.52010" m" = Tikes % * Gales Ee a 1994.25 Tre? Syshe $s = asto8 (78 Sa*1 De, = 10.205xI Pe Shaft CD ‘ T# Teo, beo=0.9m, C2tde 0.018", J+ Fe'= F(0.018)" Top = (04,896 x10°7 ma? 7 Tae Sede ea = Cera it cee fe = thios xo! @ Matching votetion at the Flanges Qo= Fe. = & Total torque on Panges T= Tat Teg = 500 Nem S00 = (10.205 K1o* + 14.108210°) P P= 20.565xi0* rad The = (lo. 205mlo* 20.565 «10° ) = 209.87 Nem Teo = (14. 108 «lo? (20.565 x10 ) = 290.13 Nem Merion vm igs stress in AB eqs Tig S. , BUS?) - 55.s9xjot Pa BRC HP TA. F8mIoF Manimum ae stress im CD te Be : {Bess (oo) = 3710" Pe 37 MPa meJ tH LY 357 and 3.58 Two solid stcel shafts are fited with fanges which are then connected by boks as shown. The bolts are slightly undersized and permite 1.5°rotation of one flange with respect to the other before the flanges begin to rotate as a single unit. : Knowing that G = 77 GPa, determine the maximum shearing stress in each shal when SOLUTION 2500 N'm torque T is applied to the Bange indicated. 3.57 The torque T is applied to flange B. ShaFt AS T Tan, Lt 06m, c=4d=0.01Tm Te® FO" = E(o.01s}* = 74.52 01077 we Tao Lag, = Jao bas % Gra Toa Tra ¥ Sasen g, = uosnsane”) PROBLEM 3.57 = [0.205%10° Py ShaFt CD T To, be 209m, C=ted=O.018m, Sot tos E(o.018)” Teo = 164.846 x10" mt . - Teo = Seca he ia Mich annie lg sleet & CDearanes rotation For FPange B Pg F 15° = 26.18 x10 vad Terque te remove feavance? Tye *(\0.20SK1s* )(26.18%10"*) = 267.17 Nem oe T" to caste addiand rotation @ tT = S00 - 267.17 = 232.83 Nem = The + Teo 232.83 = ()o0se0% + [Link]®)Q" = D"= 7.5765 x10 rad " The Teo" + (14. 108 #10" )(%.876 5% )077 ) = 135.10 N-m (10.205 #10" 4. £755 10) = 97.73 Nem Mexzimum shearing stress in AB Tra > is. 267.17 + 97.23 OOS). Cg g rio’ Pa [Link] =e 74.52710% Mayirom ae stress in CD Le Tot _ U3S.10)(0,018) 6 fo antes = 4.75 vlo° Pa, W475 MPa =eeran ‘357 and 3.58 Tw sob sel shuts are fied with Gangs which are then camecied 7 ‘by boits as shown. The bolts are slightly undersized and permit a 1.5°rotation of one flare with respect the other before te anges beg (0 rotate asa single unt eee Knowing hat = 77 GPa, determine the maxima searing sess meach sha whet 2.500 N-m torque T is applied to the flange indicated. Shaft AB 3:58 The torque Tis applied 10 lange C. T* Tra, Laat O6m, Coke = 001m Sra = Bes F(aorsy’ = 74.52x107 m* = Teslae We Cote Sua Te 7 «10° (74,515 ") 2 eee = 10.205%10* Fy Shaft CD T= Teo, bet O9m, C=¥d =O0.018m, Sq = Fet- Foo) Tem 7 164. 896 (0% mt Teo = Sede g, = Tinto” Mies s46r15” fe = Melos xo Be ae : Clearance rotation for Flange CQ! S° = 26.18 NO" ved Torque te remove cfearance > Tag = (IHs108%/0°)(26.18 16") = 369.35 Nem Torque T* to cause additioucl rotetion P's Tz 500-369.35 = 130.65 Nem T's Te ttl 130.65 = (10,205 *10% + 14,108x10" )Q" @" = 5.3737 110° pad Tre’ = (loe2osw Jo (5.3737* 107) = 54.84 Nem Teo Maximum shearing stress in AB = (14.108 «Jo 65.3739 lo) © 75.81 Nem Ua = Tg : Saitocs) = 10.34 10° Pa 10.34 MPa QQ. = NA Pa BG = $& aie ital St tea 2 Angles of iwet Qs Ges Gah = BCTaa Tal Task e -# Gas Tialt Gin ~ $3 ae (4+ Be )te = ($48) te = Sh Tag = 0.5204 Ty = (O.5204Y.50) = 26.02 Nem Teo = $(G0- 26.02) = 15.99 Nem (A) Maximum shearing stress in shat CD > es . 2% , @[Link]) . Pes %> 57 2a Tlooseye 7 TEI MO Pa = WIMP met () Angle of rotation at A Da * Teak , 2Tah , 2Y(26.02%C0.200) 13 cag wic® peal L Ga WE Ca) | WO7*10*KO.0078)" = 0.779° =—1 Cd Oo SESE eee ee ‘3.59 Ata time when rotation is prevented atthe lower end ofeach shaf, 2 50-Nrm enone torque is applied to end A of shaft AB. Knowing that G = 77 GPa for both shafts, ‘termine (a) the maximam shearing ies in shaft CD, (2) the ange of rotation at A “3.60 Solve Prob. 3.59, assuming that the S0-N-m torque is applied to end C of sha ©. SOLUTION let Te = torque cipphied at C = SO Nem Teo = torque in shaPt CD Tig = torque in ShaPt AB Statics. 7 Te- TaF 0 C : Te-Teo -eF2 2 \ Ts t T= B(Te- Tr) = F(T -To) Geark © Gemwt Kinematics! Py > eR % shoe 22% i = Tel = Tak - 2(he L Angles Ptwist Qe > aE gat BE gett Tot . 3.2 E=Ta Gh,” 2 2 Ghee (B+ Be “(GN a) Te = To 2 0.4796 Te = (0.4796 (So) = 23.98 Nem Tag = F650 - 23.98) = 39.03 Nem @) Maximum shearing stress in shet CD Tet. 2Te _ (2X23-98) © ¢ Pas te = Es 2¥e . Gxassay = 70,710" Pa = 70.7 MPa mb: Alet = G2X8.0300.200) 220,379 110" vad GSTs TGC _? T7707 0.0075)" sled? oe3.61 The steel jacket CD has been attached to the 40-mm-diameter ste! shaft AE by PROBLEM 3.61 ‘means of rigid flanges welded tothe jacket and to the rod. The outer diameter of the Jacket is 80 mm and its wall thickness is 4 mm. 1f 500-N-m torques are applied as, shown, determine the maximum shearing stress in the jacket, soLUTION Solid sheFt! C= $d = 0.020 m = Bet = Blo.c20)" = 251.33 41077 m"* Jacket: co, xd = 0.040 m O= Gob = 0.040-0.004 = 0,036 » GG: E(c.6,") = F(0.040"- 0.036") = 1.3829 «/5¢ m* Torque cantied by shalt Ts = GLO/L Torque careied by jacket Be Ghee Tot DP torque T= EtG = Wet: )Gen -. alin L G carer 7 + [eserano" S00) e423. em 3829 «1O* + 257.33 x10 Manimum Shean stres in jacket wu igs. - “(i28.1)(0,000) = i22Hviot Pa 12.24 MPe, = qe 1.3824 x 1O-* 3.62 The mass moment of inertia of a gear is to be determined experimentally by PROBLEM 3.62 using a torsional pendulum consisting of a 6-ft steel wire. Knowing that G = 11.2 « 10* psi, determine the diameter ofthe wire for which the torsional spring constant will be 4.27 Ioifvrad. SOLUTION Torsion spring coustant K= 4.27 fb-Pi/mad = 51.24 thvin nad : Ss eo = GYVOD(51.24) _ 209.7 x10" int wULZxIOe) ~ ¢ GF 0.1208 in, d=2c = 0.24! in a63 A solid shaft and a hollow shaft are made of the same material and are of the same weight and ength. Denoting by n the rato ce, show that the ratio T/T, ofthe torque 7, in the solid sha to the torque 7, in the hollow shat is (a) i Vi= nF 1 (1+ n?) ifthe maximum shearing stress isthe same in each shat, (D)1 = ‘2 )(1+ ifthe angle of twist isthe same fr each shaft % aan SOLUTION PROBLEM 3.63, For equal werght ond Jenath, the aneus ave equal Wes = Wlest= CF) = Ae nr) = = Gfi-n® ae =Bcs = Ee (=n a (a) For equal Se = Gee 2 hee core te Te kee. FaXti-wiie, AT=n? Th Re 7 Fan adiont =n Tene (b) Forequad A anges of tist # om * ar 87) yt)® aye = fe = Felis | Gan)”, aay 3 4 Fer Cion") tne PROBLEM 3.64 _ 364A torque T is applied as shown to a soli tapered shal AB. Show by integration that the ange of twist a dis 6 TTL SOLUTION 12eGe* Trtveduce coordinate y as shown. Twist in dength ly 7 > aye 2TL dy ag= Y _ kr weet yt P= a BTL ay. ah, ars, (9 * Weer y a aTL’ $4 4 te 2 f- am : ref we + dnt = at TL < Weer HB awe3.65. An annular plate of thickness and modulus of rigity Gis used to connect PROBLEM 3.68 shaft AB of radius r; to tube CD of inner radius r,.. Knowing that a torque T is applied to end A of shaft AB and that end D of ube CD is fixed, (a) determine the ‘nd location of the maxinum shearing ste in the annular plate, (6) show thatthe SOLUTION angle through which end B of the shaft rotates with respect to end C of the tube is Use oa Free bed consisting of shot AB and an inner ortion of the plate BC, the Boker radive of his portion a being er ee The force per unit ¥ fength oF cirevmbertnce + is “rt. 4 v ZM=0 » ttlampye -T=0 ooo at 2rtp~ (0) Moximum shearing stress ocews ot ph Tune? FE Shearing strain T= Eo» cee The rebetive civeunPorertict displacement in nadia Length ap is aS: dp = p dg ap= 7 30> deg = aie’ +; ty te (Bere * mee fH +e a { = ee la ane tan =weELR- raSa ee anne Lt LJ 4 L It tt Lt ts CO SS Eee Co 3.66 An annular aluminum plate (G = 27 GPa), of thickness ¢ = 6 mm, is used to PROBLEM 3.66 connect the alurinum shaft 4B, of length Z, =90 mm and radiasr,~ 30 rom, to the aluminum tube CD, of length = 150 mim, ier radi r, = 75 mm and 4 mm thickness. Knowing that «2500-N-m torque Tis applied to end dof sha Band that tend D of tube CD is fixe, determine (2) the maximum shearing stress in the shat pltetube system, (6 the angle tough which end A rotates. Hin; Use the formula SOLUTION derived in Prob. 3.65 to solve part b.) Shit AB a ve is s 2 = m =-Qiiasesd, = 58.4 10° Pa x 58.4 MPa a Plate BC (See PROBLEM 3.65 for denvedion) PEE RSOO. eS e: T* SEK” Pileooeyocsoye ~ 70 fe 73.7 MP Shat CD 6, = N= O.07Tm, Cz= +t = 0.01F+0.004 = 0.079 m I = Ele s. 6!) = £(0.079%- 0,075") = 1.482 x10"% m* = Ter = Gseeyo.01) = 7.2000" Pa = 1220 MPR (a) Largest stress Z= 73.7 MPa - = Tiles 2Thia _ (9 )(a500)( 0,040) — Goa" Gs = Feet * aGe7sio" 0.08034 = G.S50K107§ red Plate BC (See PROBLEM 3.65 far derivation ) st fi 4}. 2500 iiseeeesese hie meee ays” rere yasens (ota aot = W146 *10* vod Te _ __@S00) (0-150) = 3 ShaF+ CD Leo Tis = SETHI) 7 MOK? mat 8.91 x10" vad = 0.S10° <= Tote rotation onghe P= Pat Pac +3.67 Using an allowable sires of 55 MPa, design a solid tel shaft o transmit 10 Laman ata Bogen oF IS He mmm neinesi sale SOLUTION Tutt = SS ¥10* Fe Pe loo Ww, F=1S He =P. = _loxtot E Ts aah t artisy 7 [ORI Nem Ucn - : aT _ I) ne ee Te BR Be = ries © Le tzer aio’ C= 10.71 x18 m= 10.71 mm A= 2c = YY mm «= EEE EE eeEEe PROBLEM 3.68 3.68 Using an allowable stress ofS ksi, design a solid stel shaft o tran a speed of 1725 rpm. SOLUTION Tue? S ksi = S000 psi P=khp = $(6600) = 3300 Ibein /s = tas 2 2 e - —3300 ‘ £ eee He te a * TRCaRASS F 18268 Abin . freee se TUBACE oss ve Te. 2h Oe Be Ep saee) = 2.3260 x0 i Cz 0.1325 mm d= 2c = 0.265 in - Baia 49 Deg wt hl unt 10 ht sed 1200 mite SOLUTION Tan = 1500 psi P= 100 hp = GCOxIC Mein /s = Woe. si Soros 2 Mei f= Bees 20H, T ae = Sey = 5.282) x10) dh-in = Te. at 32 AT _ @(S.2salx10%) _ as vc Fre c We 7 WGeeey = 0.4458 in Cz 0.7634%in d= 2c = 1-528 in, ~~ SOLUTION Tay = 3510 Pa PFO08ISHI WF = 29 He a =O xo? - Te gop e -SS2pa = 2.0580 oy ‘ r ar 2\(2.0580) _ 18 cote - 3. Ste DG CS 37,4810" m CF B.B4SHIS > im = 3,345 iy A= Ze = 6.69 mm ~=3.71. A hollow shaft is to transmit 250 kW ata frequency of 30 Hz. Knowing that the shearing stress must not exceed SO MPa, design a shaft for which the rato of the ‘mer diameter to the outer diameter is 0.75. PROBLEM 3.71 SOLUTION Tg = SO x10" Pa. P = 250% lo? W Fe Zone = BE . 250x100 | bo T= Se = ARES = 1326.5 tem TeZ@t-q= E-@)")ed = 1.0738 c,! vets. Te 2 cf- th - eaet _ F T0788 G,* 2 V078 E © (1.0738) (s0 10%) CS = 24.7010 m® Cyt AGAR XLO m = 2912 mm dy = 2¢, = 58.2 mm = 4.72 One oftwo hollow driveshafts ofan ocean liners 125 ong, and ts outer and inner [Link] Bin, respectively. The sha ismade ofa sec for which “q* 8500 psi and G= 11.2» 10" psi. Knowing thatthe maximum speed of rotation SOLUTION ofthe shaft is 165 ppm, determine (a) the maximum power that can be transmitted by the one shat o ts propeller, (3) the corresponding angle of twist ofthe shaft C2t4d,= Bin cy ekaetin Se Rlcat-o")= Flat-4*)= eost.s int ve Te . pe SE - (60318 8500) 2g 4058 10% Ahoin IT Ce FF - ies - Fe HS - Is ue la) P= 2wET = 2n(2.75)6.4088Kiof) = W0.74xlo* fb-in/s 1074 bf Io-in/s OO Pbin/s hp Le ug FH = 1s00 iw - Tk ~ G.4088xto® Wise) _ ) P= SF = Ghamoryeoaa) ~ O'4eS ved PROBLEM 3.72 16.78 io" hp, ry = B.1S° =3.73. While a sicel shaft of the cross section shown rotates at 120 rpm, a PROBLEM 3.73 stroboscopic measurement indicates thatthe angle oftwistis2° inad-mlength. Using G=71 GPs, determine the power being transmitted, SOLUTION CO aol Bem Twist angle @= 2° = 34.907 01079 rad Gtk = 001m, Cpetd, = 0.0875 m (ate) = £( 0.0375 *- 0.015") T= 3.0268 «10% m", Le4m » Te = GID , (IIUOY3. 0268 ¥10~* (34.907 + 15*) P* oF ec ies 7 120 T = 2.0339410 Nem Ff > 120 rpm = Gee > 2H P=(QwhyT = 272203840) = 25.6 xloéw= 2SEkW —e —| 43.74 Determine the required thickness ofthe 50-mm tubular shaft of Example 3.07, eae ifs o tarot the sue power wile otaing at Bowen of 40 Hi SOLUTION From Example 3.07 P= 100 kW = looxl'W Tn = GOMPa = 60x/0% Pa Cp= 4d = 0.025 m Given $= 40 He ~ PL , _leoxio® if T = anF “aElaeS 397.89 Nem zs a hep onieg eat Ts Flct-') ata Hic"-") cs ¢- Ears = 0.025" ANGA?-S9NOOS) 285.081 «10 ms" Cy = 23.11 x1o% m DC. = Ra x1 m = eT meFO Cy C4 eee eee ca Ci eee LJ PROBLEM 3.75 4.75 The design of a machine element calls for a 1.5-in-outer-diameter shaft to ‘transmit 60 hp. (a) If the speed of rotation is 720 rpm, determine the maximum shearing stress in sha. (b) Ifthe speed of rotation can be increased 50% to 1080 rpm, determine the largest inner diameter of shaft # for which the maximum shearing _tress will be the same in each shaft 1510 a a i SOLUTION P= GO hp = (6006600) = 376 Jo" Me in/s fe BO = aie © ted = 0.75 in pt HHSgG elon te + i T +atF ria S252 vio" Pb. in = Te, 2b , @Us.2suno) 2 792 2 at I? Sat prey F256 %\0% ps 7.93 ksi ~ Gy f= YEO s eh. cue te, = 0.75 in =P , 3% M08 xjo? Phen T = aaF on OB) 3.5014 «10> fb in ¢- iG. 2Ta tT Teta) 4¥_ 2Te, 4 (213.5014 x10" )(0,75) oy = ZTE 2 ong AUs-sortrlo MOI) 2 9 jogyr | Go we a WC7.9256 108) erate C, = 0.5699 in ays 26,7 LO in = 13.76 A steel pipe of 60-mum outer diameter iso be used to transmit a torque of 350 PROBLEM 3.76 |Nim without exceeding an allowable shearing stress of 12 MPa. A series of 60-mm- ‘outer-diameter pipes is available for use. Knowing that the wall thickness of the > o available pipes varies from 4 mm to 10 mm in 2-mm increments, choose the lightest Pipe that can be used. SOLUTION comm Tt = 60xI0° Pa Gtk, = 0.080 m = Te, 4Ta Bee meee Eee AL eed ¥_ @\4501(0-030) 4 = ¢,/- So = . rat ee ee ere ae re * q 2 - ae O08 Soy 252.46 1157 m Cy = 22.43 ¥ lo* Required thickness t= O,-6, = Z0mm- 22.43 mm = 257 mm t> 754mm. Avoidable size t Bam3.77 A steel drive shaft is 6 ft long and its outer and innet diameters are respectively FRgneEy 377) ‘equal to 2.25 in. and 1.75 in. (a) Knowing that the shaft transmits 240 hp while rotating at 1800 rpm, determine the maximum shearing stress. (b) Using G= 11.2 x SOLUTION 10° psi, determine the corresponding angle of twist ofthe shaft. C= td, 0.8%, Caza ThIASin, L2G = 72 in P= 240 he = (240)(6600) = 1.584108 Mhein/s Fe Be = SoH. ° Te ap SS = 84084 10° fo ix T= EG ,") = [Link]'- 0.876") = 159530 int 2 x1 125) @ v= e GeasesttP tes) = 5926 psi = fo) pe TE. testo M28 os seis oad = [quot me GS “(NAxto*\i.57 S80) PROBLEM 3.78 3.78 Knowing that the allowable shearing stress of the steel to be used is 7500 psi, ; determine (a) the smallest permissible diameter ofa shaft which must transmit 15 hp while rotating at 2000 rpm, (6) the corresponding angle of twist ina 4-f length of the SOLUTION shaft (G= 11.2 « 10° psi, Tan = 7500 ps, F = A882 = 33.989 He Pe Ishp = US)Céé00) = 94xj0% Ab in/s = = PIS, = 9 Bs in T aP = Zatensasy 7 12-6 7 @ vx = 20 2 8-40 vw 69) _ vio int an: ae ESD = 40.133 10% i C= OBS in d= Re = O.68F in. = (oy) T= Bet = F@aeasy = [Link]® int Le 4f = 48 y TL _ 72.64 \C4a) = EE 2 C8 NG = 93.89 110° rad > CF *[Link] i = 38° =oO 479 Three shafts and four gears are used to form a gear train which ill transmit 7.5 PROBLEM 3.79 KW from the motor at 4 to a machine tool at F, (Bearing for the shafts are omitted in the sketch.) Knowing that the frequency of the motor is 30 Hz and thatthe allowable stress foreach shaft is 60 MPa, determine the required diameter ofeach shat. SOLUTION PERSKW = [Link] W Tn? 60 MPa = 6owlot Pa Shaft AB: Aas 30 He . ~ LS x10 Tha® ae Ee’ guGaa) 7 32-789 Nem Zr te = = 422,17 «107 om fod (2)(_ 39.789) 8” Tléowlot ) Cag = 750*15% mm = 7-50 mm dag = 2Cneq = 15.00 mm = 8 a = 2S xl _ - Teo * Sie Gacag7 = 77 Nem Feo? fits = B (30) = 12He ree eet 2. QT. 2044.472) . “6 te Et tae oF aE: A F 1.05543 107° wm? GF 1B XI" m = 10.18 mm dey = 2g = 20.4 mmr = Shaft EF Fae = Bh, » C2 (a) = ue ue 2 = FEMS 5 248.08 Mem 2AC4. 8) QT: cl. @la4e.68? sos = BT che Gane 68) = 2 case wy Jee Wee” ow Ory eae Cre = 13.82610F = 13.82 mm dee = 2Cge = 27-6 mn =asus 3.80 Three shafts and four gears are used to form a gear train which wil transmit power from the motor at 4 to a machine too! at F. (Bearing forthe shaft are omitted inthe sketch) The diameter of cach shaft is as follows: dp = 16 mmm, doy = 20 man, dpe =28 mm. Knowing that the fequency ofthe motor is 24 Hz and that the allowable shearing sess for each shal 75 MPa, determine the manu power tht canbe ‘ransmit SOLUTION Tu = 1S MPa = 75 %10% Po Shaft AB? cyy= Kdkg = 0.008m eo Fe, Te? 268 ty = [email protected])*(7SH10*) = 60.3/7 Nem Fz 24 Hz Raut 2th Ty = 2 (29)60.319) = qloxioo W Shaft CD! Cog? Fetey = 0.010 m ve te: a & Tues Ete = F (0.010 75% 108) = 117. 81 Nem foo PE fre = SAY) = 9.6 Me Re = 2h Ty = 2004600781) = 7.1 x10? W ShaFt EF! Coy = Ader = 0.014 m Tow = Ep Tu = E(o.or4 (aslo) = 323.27 Nem Faye = & fe 4) = 3.84 He Py = 2ufer Te = 24 (284)(323.27) = 7 80 xloo Ww Mexinom aMovahte pover is the smaHor Py = 7d W = RW -HES C BEERS PROBLEM 3.81 3.81 The shaft-disk-belt arrangement shown is used to transmit 3 hp from point A to point D. (a) Using an allowable shearing sires of 9500 psi determine the required speed of shat AB. (b) Solve part a, assuming thatthe diameters of shafts AB and CD rob, are respectively 0.75 in, and 0.625 in SOLUTION T+ 4500 psi, P= Shp = GXc600)= 19800 Minds 4 -zk.2 cores vee TeEee AMowable torques Zin. diameter shaPt : cr gin, Tae? EGE) Gs00) = 455.4 Ab-in $ in diameter shat cr din, Ta? £(4) (4800) = 786.9 Abin Statics? %e Ta = Nel R-R) T= 2 (R-A) T > fey = LBST - oask ROOF Tet ap Te get E+ are Gt (a) Abfowahte torques Tue = 455.4 Phin, Teyaut = 786.9 dhe in Assume Tz = 786.9 Mb-in. Then Vy = (0.25)C786.9) = 196.73 [Link] < 455.4 Sb in Gkay) oa Peet 19800 He Ps ant The" FaTe 7 [Link] = 16-02 He bat (bY Ablowabte torques. Taaat = 786.9 Abin, Teyate = 455.4 dhe, Assome T, = 455.4 db:in Thea Ty = ([Link])(456.4) = 113.85 4b. in < 786.9 Mi, == ~_P_ ~ _)9800 4 Pe 2eFT fee = aris = Frasasy 7 277 He ~«PROBLEM 3.82 3.82_A steel shaft must transmit 150 kW ata speed of 360 rpm. Knowing that G 7 GPa, design a solid shat so thatthe maximum stress will not exceed SO MPa and ‘the angle of twist in a 2.5-m length will not exceed 3°. SOLUTION P= iSoxl0S W $2 Se oue = 3.9787*lo* Nem Design for stress fimit t= SO MPa = SOxlo* Pa Te .2t y 2T _(2)(3.9789 x 108) _ Hees toy tae 4 OF Te Aeon) = 50.661 10% w C= 37.00K10% m Design for angle of twist fiwd p= 8° = $2.36 ¥107 vad -~ TL. 27. 1 STL _ (VG. 9789 «to? MAS). acy P* GF Tee” “ace * FE ee poeerog noite C = 35.40% 10*m Use Darger valve C= 37.00x16"m= 320mm 5 A= 2C* 74.0 mm 85 A 1.6-m-long tubular shaft of 42-mm outer diameter d, having the cross section shown is to be made of steel for which t= 75 MPa and G=77 GPa. Knowing thet the angle of twist ofthe shaft must not exceed 4° when the shaft is subjected to a torque of 900 Nm, determine the largest inner diameter d; which can be specified in \T the design Gee 4 soLUTION J | qs kas O02 m Lele PROBLEM 3.85, Based on stress dint Y= 75 MPa = 75/08 Pa = Te . = Te - (7ooN(0.o2!) _ dot ce a J “ot = “Tey ee = 252x107 m* Based on angle of trist Pimit = 4° = 64.818 15° rad : @oo (1.6) 2The ge he Gooey a 9° BE" T- Gy Caxeryvensanay ~ W788 1m Larger vadve For J governs T= 267.88 107" mn? Te EG") 42 wt _ 2r 4 @YA67.88 x10" ef = ot - 2 © [Link]- Seer sexo = 23.948 #10* mm" Ce = IRA tS m= 12-44 mn d,= 20, = 24.9 mm =ePROBLEM 3.86 4 OF i Based on stress Pimit =~ Te - ~ StL ene ieee etree Based on angle Ptwist Awit p= 3° a: = $67. Smatfer torque qoverns Pe io kW = 120% PrankT - f= see = ant 3.86 A 1.6-m-long tubular stee shaft (G= 77 GPa) of 42-mm outer diameter d, and 30-mm inner diameter d; is to transmit 120 kW between a turbine and a generator. ‘Knowing that the allowable shearing stress is 65 MPa and thatthe angle of twist must not exceed 3°, determine the minimum frequency at which the shaft may rotate. SOLUTION = £4, = 0.021 m, T= E(cl-¢))= Ce = kd, SO.01S m Tr 6S MPa = 6Sx1O* Pa (25.971 VES 10%) cou = 69F.43 Nem SABC 1 rad (2.36107) (77 107 (228.97 #10 ~ Le 4O Nem Te jo Ww 120 ¥ (0% 2m (S67 40) 564-40 Nem = 38.54 He = 201% rem | ET (0. 021*- 0.010") = 225.97 21077 m®5 i les ee ee en ks eanseeel PROBLEM 3.87 Ae ite Serpe shat show rotates at 450 cpm, Knowing tat r = 10 mm, the maximum power that canbe transmitted without exceeding an allowable shearing morons Me t. J mda" SOLUTION Fz 100 mm, D120 mm FF JO mm Be Be 2, Feds 00, From Fig 382 Ke 1.38 Aer shot c=td = 0,050 = KYe 2 2KT For smaller cet 0.050 m tes ates . . T= 3¢t. Plo ose G18) = 6.48 vio! Nem P= 450 rpm = 7.5 Hz Power P= 2nfT = 20([Link].c#3xio*) = gigxjoh Wo = ZZ kW et 3.88 The stepped shaft shown rotates at 450 rpm. Knowing that r= 4 mm, ‘determine the maximum power that ean be transmitted without exceeding an allowable shearing stress of 45 MPa. . “ln JAP sounoy A= 100mm, D= omm r= Hine PROBLEM 3.8 Pe Bea ua, Be gh 0.0% From Fg 3.32 Ke Ise loo » ai io For smaller shabt c= $e = 0.050 m c= ke. 2xE 3 Ts me? T(o.0S80%*(4s x 10%) = S70 rlo™ Nem 2K Q)[Link]) f= 450 opm = 7.5 He Power Pr 2nfT = an(75XS.70 wlo*) © 268 xi W = 268 KW mePROBLEM 3.99 3.89 Knowing thatthe stepped shaft shown must transmit 60 hp ata speed of 2100 ‘pe, determine the minimum radius r ofthe filet ifan allowable stress of 6200 pai is Yr ‘not to be exceeded. 25% SOLUTION 2.98, F = Bee = 3g He yy" PF GO by = (60X%6600) = 396¥/0" Mein /s +. T+ Be Meee = 8007 *10% 4b in For smaller shePt cxtd® 0.¢a5 in we kis. 24r T (0.625 }$C 8000) * TAC. seaTmiaty) = (| 88 QO: BS. 2 From Fig 3.82 9 Ge 0.18 P= O.1BA = (0.080) A5in) = 0.225 in. = 3.90 ‘The stepped shaft shown must transmit 60 hp. Knowing that the allowable Peoeteee searing stress in the shaft i 6000 pa and that the radius of the filet is r= 0. 25°in, Tr asin determine the seilest permeable speed ofthe shaft SOLUTION 12510 rio 25. a" Tas * 0.200, v w) From Fig. 3.32 K= 1.26 For smaller shaPt Czod = 0.625 - KTe . 2KT eek at 7: Boe. Fa N (o-cas¥-(Goe0) = 1.826 x10" fon P= Gokp = Go (6600) = 396 x10" Ib-in/s z : ~ PL, 396 «fo? : Prantl + 0 Po orr * aaGgeoy * = 2076 rpm ~ 34. Hz co UO co om lJ LW PROBLEM 3.91 3.91 A 25- Nem torque is applied to the stepped shaft shown which has a full ‘quarter-crvular fillet, Knowing that D = 24 mm, determine the maximum shearing sess in the shaft when (a) d= 20 mm, (6) d= Zé me, SOLUTION Dd 24 @) Bs Fs haze ve 4(D-d)= £(a4-20) + 2mm Ft BT OP From Fig 3. 32 K= 1.34 Fe ga al For smaller shabt t= bol = 0.010 m ia S| KT , U3) G5) _ {Poe x ie = 4¢ BUND - 1B x10 Pas 21,6 MPa Bim. (bd a" he Lat ee E(D-ads E(AH2u) © htm ede = 0.0556 Fron Fig 3-32 Ke/-42. For smaller shaFt = kal = 0.0108 m, z- Ke = a = OL - 11.9 x10" Pa = 17.9 MPa ‘3.92 Inthe stepped shaft shown, which has a full quarter-circular fillet, D= 1.5 in, PROBLEM 3.92 and d= 1.2 in, Knowing that the speed of the shaft is 1800 rpm and that the ‘allowable shearing stress is 8000 pas, determine the maximum power that may be ‘transmitted by the shaft. SOLUTION Babs 24.25 nef(D-d)= ZS 1.2 = O18 in DP. ON. FP = 0.125 From Fig. 3-820 K= 1-3! For smadter shat c= 4d = 0.6 in SOE Siping an te qe reve = mot 5 TL BG pool = 2072 hin $= 1800 rpm = 30H2 Power Pa anfT = 2n(8e(2072) = 840. 6x10" Ib-in/s 590.6% 10? Rh in’ _ G00 Ieink[me 81-7 be =PROBLEM 3.93 4.93 Inthe stepped shaft shown, which has full auarter-circular filet, the allowable shearing siress is 12 ksi, Knowing that D =1.25 i» determine the largest allowable torque that may be applied tothe shaft (a) d= 1.1 im, (b) d= 1.0 a SOLUTION r=3D-d) Tat = 12 ksi = 12000 psi @) Denas deitin Ps £2108 ved (Ded) = $(.25-11) = 0.078 in $= 92% 5 0.0682 From Fig 332 Ke 1.40 For smaller shaPt cade = 0.55 in = 2240 fb-in =~ (bo) Dehasin d= 0 im pak (Ded) = dCL2s-O)= ©. 125 in B13. Las, Be GB 2012s From Fig 3-32 Ke 1.8 For smadler shadt extol e 0.50in . 3 Tit. ALigrt tacos), ese ogeee) = 1798 Min - Full quorter-cicular fillet extends to edge of larger shat3.94 A S4-mm-diameter solid shaft is made of mild steel which is assumed to be PROBLEM 3.94 clastoplastic with r= 145 MPa. ‘Determine the maximum shearing stress and the radius of the elastic core caused by the application of a torque of magnitude (a) 4 SOLUTION kam, (6) kvm, C=yd = 0.027 m Ty = 14S «10° Pa Compute Te = Ty = Be*H = F(o.ca7) (ius ot) = 4.48ax)0" Nem () T= 4oxlt Nm < Ty ePastic P=CF ZImm =< Te . 2T , liorior) = =, F «io* ® Ue Ft Ta ear 7 Ito’ Pas 0.4 MPa we (b) T? FO xt Nm > TH plastic reyion with efastre core. The maximum sheaving stress is Tm ® Ty = [45 MPa = TedhUi- &) Sega. 4 ~ GiEw? = 6 e540 & = 0.8680 = 0.3680 C = (0, 3680)(0.027) = 0.02844 m = 23.4 mm = pe PROBLEM 3.95 3.95 A 1.5-in.-diameter solid shaft is made of mild steel which is assumed to be chmopla wih 5.=21 kai Determine tie masimu sheng sts he rae SOLeTON afte elati core casey ‘the application of a torque of magnitude (a) 12 kiprin., (6) cekd = 0.75% Tt 2d ksi Compote Ty T= Lt, Hort = Flora!) = 13.96 ep. in @) T= in < Ty efastic PTF ONS in me = Te . 47, gor). : Tie 7 ae eae Aeen ties - (b) Ts 18 kip-in > Ty plastic region with ebastic cove The maximum Shearing stress is Tnay= Ge = ZI ksi =< TER (- &) &-4- Eas 2 4-2. o.u9s7 Be = 0.49265 Pr 0.492650 = (O.49R65N2.75) = 0.364 tn, —«13.96 A 30-mm-diameter solid rod is made ofan elastoplastc material with r= 3.5 ee ate MPa. Knowing thatthe elastic core of the rod is 25 mm in diameter, determine the ‘magnitude ofthe torque applied to the od soLuTion Ty 2 3.Sx1o% Pa C= 7d 0.05 m Pre ZA = 0.0125 m Te = Betz, = Zlooiry*([Link]) = 19.555 Nem Bs SOS. 0. gse33 Te4q(i-4 AY: [Link] )} i= d(oszes2] = 202 Nem we PROBLEM 3.7 1397 It is observed that a straightened steel paperclip ean be twisted through several revolutions by the application of «torque of approximately 0.8 bin. Knowing that the ‘diameter ofthe wire used o form the paperclip is 0.04 in, determine the approximate SOLUTION -value of the yield stress of the steel CZd = 0.02 in Ty = 0.8 fbn Te dy: $86 bbe - Bex - 37 (30.8) yam - Mee, = 7 ksi <_ ance aa (0. e 3.98 The solid circular shaft showm is made of a steel which is assumed to be _elastoplastc with r;=21 ksi. Determine the magnitude T ofthe applied torque when the plastic 2one is (0) 0.6 in, deep, (6) | in. deep. PROBLEM 3.98 r SOLUTION CzLAS iw Tye Bl ksi 4 2 0 = Bete + [Link]¥Q@s) = 64.427 kipein (A) by [Link], pes t-tys h28-0.60 5 065m, fe = OES = o.520 T= ET - $6) Sletsa7 [1-4 (o.s20¥] = 82.9 keen =e () ty= LO, pyr Orby = 125-10 = 0.2Sin 2 TU - 48) = 4 (enue [1-4 (0.200) = 85.7 kipin =e eee [tae Lot tet Ed CO) Oo 4 3 i is made of a steel which is PROBLEM 3.99 -98 The solid circular shaft shown is made of a stee! which is assumed to be lastoplastic with £}=2 ksi, Determine the magnitude T of the applied torque when the paste one () 0.8 in deep, (0) doce, a 2% Toth sh nd oding of Prob 3.9, detine heal of wi ina 4h oni 1 SOLUTION C= LOS in, Te Rl ksi = ZnO psi, Ge IL2nJot px Le Aft 2 48 in les a ‘ 2 Lhl LH . Gini) _ te ve fF we 2 gy: bee be * RS VUT HIF) = TROOMO wed < &- & 2 9 BP @) be 06m Perc-tys 128-0.67 065 $= PEE o.520 g: a : ace + 138.46 15 * reel = 7.93% =< Wr tyr hein ppt c-by = has-ho+ 02s x 29-0. 200 ar a F Ta.egz0. F 360 r10% rad = 20.6% = 3.100 A torque Tis applied to the 20-mm-diameter steel rod AB. Assuming the steel to be elastoplastic with G = 77 GPa and r= 145 MPa, determine (a) the torque T when the angle of twist at 4 is25" , (6) the corresponding diameter of the elastic core of the shaft SOLUTION C=td © 0.010 m, COy= L% = bee dy = U.S) (145 xI0¢) . 3 ' = @anlotyoroiey 7 282.47 10 vad Ty = Sere Zeta, = E(o.o10)*Ci4s x10) = 227.77 Nem 3 GQ = RS = 436.2310" rad > Be MAPA. 9 ernar @) TrET (1-4 H)- $[Link]- Hocea7] + 228 en w® oF. & = 0.64787 Ge7?mIlo Ma Pr = 0.64737 ¢ = (0.64737) (0.00) Pr > 6.4787 ¥15?m = 6.4789 rom A= 2h = 1295 mm et3.101 A 18-mm-diameter solid circular shat is made of a material which is assumed f eames to boelastoplastic with G= 77 GPa and r= 145 MPa, Fora 1.2-mlength, determine ‘the maximum shearing stress and the angle of twist caused by a 200 N-m torque. SOLUTION Ty FS KIO Pa, Ce hel0.00m, Le Lem, Ts 200 Nem im Tee LE. Betz, = B(o.o09}isniot) = 166.08 Nem Toh plastic region with efastic cove Limo ty = 14S MPa, r =e Wek £ QTL _ XK c6.09) 01.2) o> SF > Hele > F (0.009 C1710) Ts $R0- 48!) J = RS 0B HI nd, ‘ene ~ BT, 4 _ BX 2x) 9 (f) = 4- Sbe 4 iegiag 7 08864) = Ls 0.72887 a. z GP oe F + BHT IC peed = 19.75° - ponent ‘3102 A sold cialar rods made ofa tel which assured to be elstoplat. Denoting by rand fy reapetvey the torque and ange oft a the onset of Pre ‘etermine the angle of twist ifthe torque is increased to (a) T= 1.1 Ty, (b) T= U 1287, (@T=13 7, Em-4R) _ as — + ‘ I 4s 8 8 fe “ (ay z. Leto 1,126 Prhiaedy ma a aeree recente Haseeeeeeee A XG e Byers) ~ ; 1 3) Frias Z "were 7 Pray T% c= kA, t 0.085 m, C= Fd, = 0.015 Je Be," -¢,") : $(0.035*- 0.015") = 2.2777x 107% m a ee oe “ Les TF Tes 2D te : ar raaic Mio oe ) pay sto® Nem = 17) kNem = 2b, War lo) _ 33 y ° Ber a Gyno GrrmI0*) * COM KIO ted = 3.44 -_ (b) Gt 0.010 m Pre C,-t = 0.085 - 0.0/0 = 0,025 m = 22. =%y = y= SP. we-4-S Q= Te (10 nt Vo-9) = PHISC* IO pad = 482° «< Gpy ~ 705.025) Torqve Ty earned by ebastic portion cS PS fe Tet apt pr. te GR where LE (p-6,") * 3, = E(0.0287- 0.015") = 534.0710" wm 7 < Te ke - Sento? 18010) 2g gus xic® Nem Torque Ty carried by plastic. portion c op eg aa la pap Z amas 4X (oS- pe) = 24 (iso x10" )(0.085° - 0.028") = 10.273 x lo* Nem Total toryve T= TitTy = B45 10 4 10.273 10 = 12 #107 Nem YZ kN me rm) OLJ Fo tt Co Co bay Lo 3.108 A hollow stce shaft is 0.9 m long and has the cross section shown. The steel paonieet eae isassumed to be clastoplstc with «= 180 MPa and G= 77 GPa. Determine () the angle of twist at which the section first becomes fully plastic, (6) the corresponding ‘magnitude ofthe applied torque. \50 SOLUTION 90mm 70 mm tL Getta 00m c, = ta, = 0.035m (0 For onset of fully plastic yielding , pres Ht 7 oa. = o® eG TBs 48.98 eh. (9V 80404) © uo. 26 10 pale : ? Ge ~ (as? wige?) ~ 1 10-86¥IS™ vel = 8.04 ia be) Tp 2m & tp ap . ant € |= BH (ed-<*) = 8B (ig0 «10° (2.0889 ~ o.015*) = 14.84 * 108 Nem = 14284 kKNem 3.106 A shaft of mild steel is machined to the shape shown and then twisted by See torques of magnitude 45 kipin, Assuming the steel to be clestoplastc with «21 ksi, determine (a) the thickness of the plastic zone in portion CD of the shaf, (8) the length ofthe portion BE which remains fly elastic. i aul SOLUTION Lt (a) In portion CD =a = 1.00 in 25in[ 77 | tim Lz i a Tye SS = Betz, = E(.c0)8 (av) > 32.987 hipsin i , Et 2 T 340) _ THENCE) + Be 4 Bs y-BIGO . o.sc020 Be 0.71288, Pr 2 (2.7128}(1.00)= 0.713 in, ty = C~ pp 0.287 in =e (&) For yiekding ot point E T=T%,C8Ce, Te 40 kp in C. te Use QT . 622 Qt . yoy _ a Sm: co 3h - Oe. 1.2126 in Ce = 1 O6C4 in, Using proportions From the shzteh Las hoet % has- [00° 7 y3.107 The magnitude ofthe torque T applied to the tapered shaft of Prob. 3.106 is slowly increased. Determine (a) the larggst torque which may be applied tothe shaf, (8) the length of portion BE which remains fully elastic. PROBLEM 3.107 SOLUTION The Jargest torque Which b ied 40 th Theda tomes thie way be pyeied the In er CD cHkd = 100 in Wee Fea, = Elico (ai) + 22.987 Kip-in. Fortully plastic shePt py = 0 anf 2a T: #4(1- 2) FET, + $(92487)= 48.962 kiprin X HOkpin =e We) Fer yielding at point E, = % , Ox Cr, Te 43.982 kip-in ee inegetee aig 3. RT . yys.982) © Pa aE > ge OF re Dee = bssase a Ce = 11006 in Dsing proportions frm the sketah L25-11006 ob lage EEE ae x 4.34 in = oO3.108 Considering the partially plastic shaft of Fig. 3.38, derive Eq, (3.32) by ee recalling that the integral in Eq. 3.26) represents the second moment about the axis ‘of the area under the Fp curve SOLUTION 4 The stress is thet shown on the fePt: ¢ TT and pede = aS edd = art where dA = T dp and T= 2ncl moment about bam the travis. L N 7 k—-e—t ka I-L-L -$ue-feaa's £uP GAYS zea Atpe = $ucl(i- Fe) Trarl = M@re(1-¢&) Rea et Ty? Te Fc « Bae- $y Hence Tn (1- 4)papeLeu ies 3.109 Using the stress-strain diagram shown, determine (a) the torque which causes 7 ‘amaximum shearing stress of 15 ksi in 0.8-diameter solid rod, (b) the corresponding, angle of twist in a 20-in. length ofthe rod. SOLUTION @) Crane = IS lest kd = 0.400 in From the stress~ strain diagram You 0,008 00.008 0008 0.006 0008 0010 > Let ze Ba z € veal’ pre = amet 2x de = ener where He istegrP I is given by T= () te de Evaluate T using a method of numenzad iotegretion. IF Simpson's Wude is voed, He integration Parmula is Ie 2 ewz*r where w isa weighting Factor, Dain Az = 0.25, we get low the valves giver in Fhe table be iz, YE ksi | 277, Ksi] ow | wae, kei O | 0,000] o 0.000 | 0.00 0.25 | 0.002 8 0.500 4 2.00 0.5 | o:004) 12 3.000 | 2 6.00 075 | 0.006 4 2875 + 3150 1,0 | 0.008 Is 15,000 V 15.00 54.50 <}- Zw2'e Ie {oas (ste) = ASH ket (@) T= an L= ga(0.4oo (454) = 1,826 kip-in - ®) oe = SP g = LE - B20(0.008) =. apo po pad = 22,9" ~« c 0.400 Note Answers may diPfen fight, dve te difPerences oP opinion in reading the stress- Strain curve. l oe (]4.110 A hollow shaft of outer and iner diameters respectively equal to 0.6 in, and ae [Link] fabricated from an ahuninum alloy for which te stress-strain diagrams given in the sketch. Determine the torque requied to twist « vin, length of the shaft through 10°, SOLUTION P = 1o° = 174.93 x10" rod Ooumvomomeomeooy | 1 THF O10 in, Cp= td, = 0.300 in mo? Tong = BP = (oa0o\G0t.53 15). 9 oss2 5 Thin oes Lao o4 sores ) . poo Let aeEo=£ ZeHes 1 T=a0 S ptdp = ane? | Zedz = 2nefT where the integra? I is gives ly I = S| 22r ae Evatuate I using a method of nomevicad integnation. IF Simpson's robe is used, the integration formuda is Ie & Dw where w is a weighhng Factor Using Anse we get the valves given ia the table® bedow. 2] 4 | test] zteymsi | w | w2t a ksi Wa | 0.00194 3.0 0-89 ' 0.8% Wz | 0.00241 | Joo 2.50 4 10.00, 2/3 | 0.00383] Ls a 2 10,22 Sh | 0.00485 | 13.0 9.03 4 36. 1 | O.00s2 | 4.0 | Ihe 1 | Io TAL Dw re (4enC71.22) = 3.96 ksi T= ameS T= 24(0.300)°(8.96) = 0.671 kipsin = 671 tein <8 Note? Answer may differ sfightdy due te aitferences of opinion iw reading’ the stress -styatn curve.3.111 A 50-mm-diameter cylinder is made of a brass for which the stress-strain diagram is as shown. Knowing that the angle of twist is 5° in « 725-mm «determine by approximate means the magnitude T of the torque applied to the shaft. PROBLEM 3.111 SOLUTION = $= 87.266 410% vod c=49=0.025m, L= 6.725 m 0.00301 Let 2 % -£ / T= an (ade = anctf 2° de ane I where the integra I is given by T=( 2°tde EvaPoote I using a method of numerical integration. IF Sinpsen's Yule is used, the integration formula is re 4 Zweite where w is a weighting Factor, Using 42 = OAS, we get the valves given in the tabbe blow. 2, MPa| w | w7Z, MPa \ hes | 4 13.75 2 42.14 4 ’ Zw2r [: [Link](ass.75 x10") pate faepa 7288.75 110 Fo, T=2ne°T = 2n([Link] V(aaesxiot)= 2.32 xt0% Nem = 4.82 kNem = eet y Cee ee ee eee ‘3.112 Thee points on the nonlinear stress-strain diagram used in Prob. 3.111 are (0.0), (0.0015,55MPa), and (0.003,80MPa). By fitting the polynomial r= 4 + By + CY through these points the following approximate relation has been obtained. £5 46.7 * 10? y= 6.67 10" y? SOLUTION ‘Solve Prob, 3.111 using the relation, Eg. (3.2) and Eq. (3.26) pt SP 2 87.26 md | cadd= 0.02 m, Le ORS m Toe? So , Coca xr icone?) = 3,009 x10 0.725 oe e T= aml ptdp = ane? (' ze dz The giver stress strain eorve is ee Ae BY CY = As B24 Chez Te anc (aA + BTag? + Ce 2") 22 ware} AS de + BY zhde + CIS) 2442} cant $EA+ EB + ECT ae} Data: Axo, Be 46.710" | C= ~6.67%10" $Az0 , FBRw= 4 (46.7210 2007110") = a518 te BONE = (6.67 x10") (2.00115" JP -12.08 10% T= [Link] lf o 4 353 x10% - 12,08x10*) = 2.26 x10* Wem = 2-26 KN =wo PROBLEM 3.113 i UnSoading = At prc AY p> Pr Residues: 3.113 The solid circular drill rod 4B is made ofa steel which is assumed to be elastoplastic with 1, = 160 MPa and G=77 GPa. Knowing that a torque = 5 kN'm is applied to the rod and then removed, determine the maximam residual shearing stress inthe rod, SOLUTION C= 0.025 m ; T= Bet = $(o.025)" = 613.54 «1077 mm? Re 32 = Ectx, = F(o.032)(160~10%) = 3.927*1o* Nem Leading? T= SxIO* Nem vs #0(1-4&) a Boag SE sy. xen & a = 0.18029 B= 0.5619, pp = 0.56146 = 0.02015 m AL v ye where T= S10" k Nem 7 Cosas) = 203.72 xJo* Pa 2 {DOOD © S08 wi0% Pa. Te > Tra O" Tres > 16010 - 203.72%]0' = ~43.72¥10° Pq = ~ 43.7 MPa Tog = WOOx108 ~ 115.08 «JO% = 44.92 x1o* Pa = 44.4 MPa, =PROBLEM 3.114 At end of foading ® The stresses ave T, G Torque change durin Dn 3.114 The solid circular shaft AB is made of a steel which is assumed to be clastoplastic with G= 11,2 « 10*psi and 5,21 ksi. The torque T is increased until the radius of the elastic core is 0.25 in. Determine the maximum residual shearing stress in the shaft after the torque T has been removed. SOLUTION CEOWin Prt ORF in Ba Sas T= Bets Flos = 0.49701 int zs Ue. fo.se7e)n) = 13.916 Kipein Te47C1- $B) > F03.00) 1 -4G¥l = 18,388 kip vn. xO ot p=o ae Tar ot pt 0.28 in p= ty = 2) ksi ot PaO in 1 endoaching T= ~ 18.388 Kips in Stress changes during ondoading Zs a Cebastic) Mop=0 At p= 0.25 in At p = 0.% in Residud stresses a AP PFO At p= 0.25i4 At P= 0.75 in v 1's 0 « (8.383025) _ ‘ tte NEP) a8 ksi eis GEBBSMOR) 2 R774 si ve Found by acleling Los = Trot — TO Ve =O Tes = A- UTS = UTS sv = Tres = 21 - 27.74 = ~ 6.74 ksi Was3.115 The hollow shalt AB is made of a steel which is assumed to be elastoplastic bi ccecnanariae with 7, = 145 MPa and G= 77 GPa. The magnitude T of the torque is slowly increased until the plastic zone first reaches the inner surface; the torque is then 125m. removed. Determine (a) the maximum residual shearing stress, (5) the permanent angle of twist of the shaft, dal SOLUTION inner radios C,2 O,018m , ovter radios C,= 0.080 m sod T= EGE - 67) F([Link]'- 0.018") = L1OTHS ¥10 mt Loading? When py reaches inner surface, then Z > Ty o ee : Tour 2x "p'tedp = amt £[- Fale) = 4 (145 to*)( 0.080°- 0.0187) = 6, 4285410" Nem e = (eas MISHIOF) 5 ° Prag XB = 180.77 «16% red = 7.498 Unloading! T 2 6.Aa85x10° Nem Cobastic) ae - A pra 7-4 esas Mo.036) = 17414 10° Pe Mpc, gle (64285 (0.018) 5 044g xJo* Pa [1074S «108 = & aH a See eee v= Bot pee, Ale 72#E 2 Q: e + (ZTE _¢ 6. y297 Cas) . aired * i ee ee ee Residual: Tras = Tat — T! Beet Prui - %° a) AY p=G Tu 195 w10* - 174.14 x10 = - 29,14 10° Pee = - 221 MPa = At prc Tres = INE HO = OEY x10 = 40,1 108 Pa, = 4O.s MPa = Ce) Pye ® 180-77 10%= 44.23 10? = 36.54 2107 vedbe tet lk. —— a 3.116 The solid shaft shown is made ofa stee! which is assumed to be elastoplastic ‘with Fy = 145 MPa and G=77 GPa. The torque T is increased in magnitude until the shaft has been twisted through 6° and then removed. Determine (a) the magnitude and the shaf. 4 location of the maximum residual shearing stress, (6) the permanent angle of twist of a SOLUTION C= 0.0m @= 6* = 104.72 ™I0* vad 164m a ~ SP, (0.016 Ki04.72210%) _ Tour = oy = 0.002794 Ne? & » EE = 0.001883: Pee Me 2 0.001883) _ © * You 7 “osoaTeas ~ 0 67438 = Fet= BCo.016) = joaguy yo" m* rm: St - Tee. FE [Link](iusxio*) = 932.43 Nem At end oF outing Tra $1 (1- GA) = d(a92.9@ \[i- 4.67009") Residual = At pre At p= Py nn = = 1 V48ss x/08 Nem “VNB SS x 10% Nem ee 2 5 a's Tle Let 85S%10" (0.016 ) 79. 59 610% Pa 102,444 10% ts ES Le (17. sexiot (0.67433) = 120.38x10° Pa C = LIBS) 96, 44 x 10° veok = 7109102. F44 xO") Cres = Thay ~ Pe 7 Ma — #! Tes = WSHIOS- 178.52x10% = ~33.52x10° Pa ~33:5 MPa. ~ Ts = IAS lO" ~ 120.3810 = 4.691 * [Oo Pe = ade MPa = 104.72 (86.44 «10% = 17,98 oS vad = 1.019% «<3.113 The solid circular drill rod AB is made of a steel which is assumed to be PROBLEM 3.117 clstoplastic with F,= 160 MPa and G= 77 GPa. Knowing that a torque T= 5 EN'm 4s applied to the rod and then removed, determine the maximum residual shearing sires in the rod. SOLUTION 3.117 In Prob. 3.113, determine the permaneat angle of twist of the rod. From the solution to PROBLEM 3,113 Cr OORT , Ts 613.54 r1O7 mY, Es o.se4a, Pr 02014123 m : ~e@. ge bt Lh. Lt APter toads y= Ot. grit. be a Pyug = Goigexton = 14713 ned = 84.30% Doing unfouding o> (efestic) T+ Swat Mem ~ ( Sxio* Lie) F * Gamo yeasanaF = 10583 mod = 60.64" Permanent twist angte Prem = Phnd ~-P F 14713 ~ 1.0583 = 0.4180 rad = 23.7% = 3.114 The sold circular shaft AB is made of a steel which is assumed to be pacnben si clastoplastic with G= 11.2 « 10° psi and 5, = 21 ksi. The torque T is increased until the radius ofthe elastic core is 0.25 in. Determine the maximum residual searing stress in the shaft after the torque T has been removed. SOLUTION 3118 In Prob 3.114, determine the permanent angle of twist of the shat From the Solution ts PROBLEM 3.114, & = 0.9S in, T= 0.49701 in¥ After Jooding T= 18.383 kipein, py 2 2S, : 2b, Lh 1a “ itttorie AG Vhere Ls 24in, Wy = Rlksi, Gs Prout - Pn = 180 "10% nad = 10.31° Blof psi = 1. 2%10" psi Undondine, ai 18.383 Kp-in 2 ~ 19.333 (2 9" a C2 #10? YO.49701) Peomanant engle Phvist — Gher® Prout - 0! pers = $80 v/o"*~ 79.26 "105" = 100.74 xIC*ned = 577° et = 79.26 #0 vad = 454°oO 3.119 A torque T applied toa solid rod made of an elastoplastic materials increased PROBLEM 3.119 ‘unt the rod becomes filly plastic an then is removed. (a) Show thatthe distribution ‘torque due the stresses acting on the portion of the rod located withina circle of radius a soLuTion ie te Sn / ae ORG Loading Dadoeding\, Residuad @) Atter fonding Pr, Tray $2 SHO DH = a Un Poading ws FF + ae : 20 Tied) 2 $% tpre te 3% Residual Tot %- SUE = 7 (I- #) TeFadc, Set Toro aud pte O- 1- #2: Gor Fe ) Ts aml" Pade = at pn (1- $2) dp = any (Get) = anmetf SQY REN ~22 . mre sanzeje #4 > fue 0.2209 Go" «=3.116 The solid shat shown is made ofa steel which is assumed to be elastoplastic PROBLEM 3.120 with Fy 145 MPa and G= 77 GPa. The torque T is increased in magnitude until the shaft has been twisted through 6° and then removed. Determine (a) the magnitude and location ofthe maximum residual shearing stress (b) the permancnt angle of twist of the shaft 3.120 After the sold shaft of Prob. 3.116 has been loaded and unloaded as described in that problem, a torque T , of sense opposite to the original torque T is applied to the shaft, Assuming no change inthe value of, determine the angle of twist ¢ for which yield is initiated in this second loading and compare it with the angle 4 for SOLUTION ‘which the shaft started to yield in the original loading. From the sofution to PROBLEM 3.116 C=0.016m, L= 0.6m T= WS wo Pay T= 102.944 to? m® The residual stress at P=C is Tu = 83.5 MPa For Doading in the opecsite sense, He shange in stress te produce reversed yielding is Ty = Te - Tre 2 WS x10* = 33.5" 10° = 1 S810" Pa . Te TE | Gozan4 to 5 x10) 2 ee ee 0.016 = JIT NM Angle of twist ~ Dk _ (m7 vio? (oe) 8 3 R * GY * GinetYroavet) > S13 “0 vad = ne «bit Jt Co C3) C7 Ci Cy C4 tt eee eee ‘3.114 The solid circular shat AB is made of a stel which is assumed to be lastoplastic with G = 11.2 « 10° psiand 4,21 ksi The torque T is increased unit the radius ofthe elastic coe i 0.25 in. Determine the maximum residual shearing stres inthe shaft after the torque T has been removed. 321 After the sold shat of Prob. 3.114 hasbeen loaded and unloaded as described inthat problem, a torque T, of ense opposite tothe original torque Tis applied tothe shafl. Assuming no change in te value of 1, determine the magnitude 7; of the torque T, required to initiate yield in this second loading and compare it with the PROBLEM 3.121 SOLUTION magnitude 7; of the torque T which caused the shaft to yield in the original loading, From the sodution to PROBLEM 3.4 = c= O.7Fim, Le 24 in U2 abksi, T= 0.49701 in® The residued stress at pre is Cus = 6.74 ksi For Poading in the opposite sense, tle change in stress to produce reversed yiekding is Te Uy Tt 21-674 = 14.26 ksi ~ ie. @, _(o497ot) (14.26) _ mee eT Je Ave inse) . 4S Kipsin 8 VV. %s Tee (oaereN(at) = 18.92 kip- inB. Use G= 3,9 * 10° psi, SOLUTION T= 1800 Porin, L= 36 in @) Gr hBin, brOGimn S238 = 8 From aC 8.1 6,70, 267, C22 0.268 pe = $00 ee Zar O.-RING.8MO.6 > = Jo.4oulo* psi = 10.40 ksi «= (goo 3e) mets? = ay > GRANT ENOS PERNT ATMO Md #8) (b) 210 in) br 10 in, Bs 00, C= 0.208, c= 0.1406 ote are 1800 See ; Cron” GARE GRO OIGR = SES pH = 8:65 ksi = g --T4— - —lisoolsey ns [Link] = 677° =e 2ab*S ~ (0.1406 K1.0)(1-0)°(3.9 10%)CJ C4 tJ co ES eee eee eee eae Heat PHOuLENT suas 3.123 Using 1.= 10 ksi determine for each ofthe aluminum bars shown the largest ee P awG * (28 BKOLPGanio) torque T which may be applied andthe comesponding angle oftwist. Use = 3.9 10° psi. SOLUTION Ton = 10 ksi, G=8.9%10 psi = 3.9 Jo? ksi @) @= 1B in, br 0.6in, e728 = 3 From Table 3.1 6,5 0.267, €,5 0.263 x a Tray = Zab T = 6,6" Tony T= (0.267\(1-8)(0.6) (10) = 1.730 Kpin — Es T Gab tiny = (0.208% 0.050)(0,050) (Sox%lo*) = 1300 Nem | = [800 KNem =e 300) (0.400) tee ie Gabe * Goce Wo.050)(0.085: Canary = 17107 rad = 0.869° =< (b) Os 7mm O.0%m, br BS mmzO,085m, = 72 = 20 7 From Table 3.1 C= 0.246, C, > 0.229 T= caBt., = (0.240)(0.0%)(0.085'(S0 vot) = 10SS Nem } = LOSS kKNem me SaEe * GS TTIOT = 15.7410" vad = 0.902° ~3.126 A Fam Osi 3. torque T is applied to each of the stel bars shown. Knowing that termine the required dimension b for each bar. PROBLEM 3.126 SOLUTION T= QZ kip im The? @ Kev (oe) creker a=kb ter He 2 2D 2 IT S Tice The ~ %T _ueya) 3 B= Br Se 1.698 in 1.193 in = From Table 3.) ¢,= 0,208 reeeeee ss Iaieeepesre eee eae i feat Tone ape = Bee UPL paaye) = 1608 in bthl70in “Bab L ? SL ¢ it x ahs From Table 3.1 6,2 0.23) 120. 1958 Tr = £0:1958) (0.020) (77 «1093 4.907 v10°3 ) inal (0.231)C0-7507 = 0.8 x}0% Pa = 60.3 MPa < 5.129 ‘Two sats ar mde ofthe same materia, The cross section of ha PROBLEM 3.129 square ofa band th ofsht Bisa ceca daneterD. Koowing hte state are subjected to the same torque, determine the ratio of the maximum shearing stresses eo ro cceuring inthe haf, i > o A. square = #=t, C,=0.208 (Table 3.1) pee eer : 2 Te. 2m , 167 i eet cutb es = EG = ~, f Retio A = eB TE = 0.4005 = 0.444 - pROnLEM 3.130 3.130 Determine the largest allowable square ros ction of te sh of length 4 mifthe maximum shearing stress is not to exceed 100 MPa when the shaft i twisted through one complete evolution, Use G= 77 GPa SOLUTION teal ™= — = Rit rad, Hm, Ce? 100 410% Pa G77 109 Te Square section $C = O-ROB and Cc, = 0.1406 From Tabte 3-1 ee Gale “ase Tee Tv GG, b 0B)CIoo w10* 4.0) 408 \O7 10% CAT) Pat Crete try Laeetitret 1 2234tO™ m = LARS mm =PROBLEM 3.131 Ee = Ze Retio? al 3.131. Shafts A and B are made of the same material and have the same cross sectional area, but A has a circular cross section and B has a square cross section. Determine the ratio of the maximum torques T, and T, which may be safely applied to 4 and B, respectively. SOLUTION Let c= radius of circular section A and b= side of square section B. For equaf areas 1C* c= rr Ciecler Ye ie = ah - ron Square! CC, = 0,208 from Table 3.1 tm: do: dee hob cab cb 3 r.4% = Ztgite ._ | G& a Cele Aean ws For the same stresses Tart ¢ aot sya ie *QXORB TT PROBLEM 3.132 = = —le Te = Gabe 7 TR65 2.132 Shafts 4 and Bae made ofthe same material and have the sane length an cross sectional aes, but dfs accu crsesection and Bhasa square cross section, Determine the rato ofthe maximum values fhe anges and through which bats 4 ad B respectively, may be twisted SOLUTION Let c =nadivs of crreular section A and b= side oF sqoare section B For equaf aveas Tct= bs b= Fre Circle? Tay ® Be Sm 2 Qe ah Sqvare: TabSe 31 €,=0.208, C2 = 0.106 B Ta = 0.2088 % Tol o-ncsBe,b _ 14794 Lt %* Gabe = amocne 7 ~ be Redio Be SB aay = 0.676 ee 310.676 Hi & For equal stresses = Ta fe Lago OL mo co eso r pe3.133. A 1.25-m-long steel angle has an L 127% 76% 6.4 eross section. From ‘Appendix C we find thatthe thickness of the section is 6.4 mam an that is area is 1252 = 60 MPa, G= 77 GPa, and ignoring the effect of stress ‘concentrations, determine (a) the largest torque T which may be applied, (6) the PROBLEM 3.133, corresponding angle of twist. SOLUTION ] 150 B= 1252 mm b = 64 mm = 0.0064 Xe as f= BE = 195.6 mm = 0.1956 m _ » % Q_ 156 | - — fe ee 30.56 $(1- 0.6304) = 0.3265 eet oom T= 6 ab* Sup (a) T =(0.3265 Y(0.1956 No.0064) (cont) = 156. 45 410° Nem = IS7.0 kKNem =< Cod cy 2 & p> th = Sob rel - CCl Toop le t.ab8G * GbG ~ be ge feesenas) = 15219 vIo% pad = 8.729 = eee + (3.134 A 3000 Ibrin. t is applicd to a 6-f-1 steel angle witha L4x4« > C a ore ng a ; cross section, From Appendix C we find that he ticknes ofthe ection is? in and that its area is 2.86 in? . Knowing that G= 11.2 10° psi, determine (a) the maximum {| LAxO gouumon Sates along tie ne an of ( HS A= 286 int, b= Fin = 0.75 in , ash: BSE 2 7.627 in on a 7.627 a . ina b ios = E> Ze = wo €,= 6,24(J- 0.630 2) = 0.3230 ooo U eee = = (Rao VORIS YT B66 *S psi > B66 kei oe 0 (00072) if . an 6) P = GauS = (ose 7.610.878 PIA FIO™) B.4SwIo* rad F BSI ~ Nete! L= 6 PH * 72 in 1 c maoPROBLEM 3.135. 3435 An $-A-long steel member with a W 8x 31 cross seetion is subjected to a 5 ‘cpr. torque, From Appendix C we find that the thickness ofthe section ? in, and that its arca is 2.86 in?. Knowing that G = 11.2 x 10° psi, determine (a) the t ‘maximum shearing stress along line a-a, (6) the maximum shearing stress along ine 48, (¢ tangle of twist. (Hint: Consider the web and anges separasly and bie 4 relation between the torques exerted on the web and a flange, respectively, by barb ‘expressing that the resulting angles of twist are equal.) SOLUTION wexar Flange? Q= 7.995 in, be Ouss, Be Zhe = [Link] Z po i eae Gs Gegli- 0.63808) = 0,329 > EG Te = Cab" Soe = Kp G2 where Ke = Gab? K, = (0.821907. 995 )(0.438)* = 9.2188 int Web? a= 20-@OMS © 118 in, b= 0.285in, Be BE = 2sor cc, = $C) -ocsed)= o.s2ue Dy = ltl “Babe Ta? GabrSh 2 KEP here Wy = abe Ky = (0.3249)(7.13 (0.285)* = 0.0563 in® For matching turet angdes Oe Ww =e Total torque T= 2p + Ty = (Zea Ky SE eee = Ket Ty =e ia ae, > TF esky 2 Fea ~_ @-38XS5000) _ «= To, = (0.0868) 5000) _ i Te *GxGareajedores = 22! Abin 5 To [Link]}ro.0n3" 5S? Hein = gL SIO pe FSD ese (0.22127. 195 X0.435)> SST He eee t Rua voms* * 2460 psi = 2.96 Ks _ $2. TT pst hee Ls BH in, © T= germ * ? ae ‘he ; (50e°)( 967 ee ee on $08" = f, ra wi0* Veo 229710663] = B86 IO rad = eerieepee eres ss 3.136 A 3-m-long stee! member has an W 250 x 58 cross section. Knowing that @ = 77 GPa and that the allowable shearing stress is 35 MPa, determine (a) the largest torque T which may be applied, (b) the corresponding angle of twist. Refer to ‘Appendix C for the dimensions of the cross section and neglect the effect of stress concentrations. (See hint of Prob. 3.135.) PROBLEM 3.136 SOLUTION Flange? Q2 208 mm, br [Link], B= 15.04 c=, = $C1-0.6302)= 0.3144 See (ee see ees 2Go & Me apts + Tes co kp &2 Kp * (0.31940(0, 20300185) = J59.53x/0°7 m* Web: 0 = 252 -QMIS.S)= 225 mm, b= Bmm D2 28.18, Grc.=¥(i-0.08b) = 0.8254 - mL. ‘ 260. y Ge Pu case 7 Tw Gab’ SB = K, Se Ky = (0.8254(0.2251(0,008)= 37.54 x10" m” For matching tuist angles Pp = Pu= Q Total torque: T = 21, 4Tu =(2kp+ kK.) S2 GQ. -_T C Ret Ky > oT 2 7, kerk. Te “ages 7 TAY Te Ree ey Ieee we gene Ts lett 7 Alfow she velse for T based on abboveble vaboe for Te Te = aby’ = (6.3194 X0.2030.0135)"(asxjo") = 413.6 Nem = QUS4.53)+ (37.54) a T = BOSE D (413.6) = 924.5 Nem Ablow nble value for T base on atfowabte value For Tu Tw = cab'e’ = (0.3a59)(0.225 (0.008) (asx/ot) = 164.25 Nem = (2V0S4.54 ) + 37-5: T = Dilisress)+ ast 1164.25) Choose smadler value T= 25 Nem = 1560 Nem 2 Tk ARIS 3.00) SS neal = . PCIE” Bse-ene* Vw) aia ae ee tee a3.137 and 3.138 A 750.N-m torque T is applied toa hollow shaft having the cross PROBLEM 3.137 section shown. Neglecting the effect of stress concentration, determine the shearing stress at points and b, Thick nas = G mm= an SOLUTION a Area bounded by center tine Q = 23 (as) + (CONEY = 7381 an® = 738) ¥/0"* m* J L = 0,006 m at beth a and b. veo 280 = B.97%10 Pa > 8.47 MPa ae “ZEA * Xo.006 KTaO) 3.137 and 3.138 A 750-N:m torque T is applied toa hollow shaft having the cross PROBLEM 3.138 section shown. Neglecting the effect of stress concentration, determine the shearing stress at points aand b, Thickness = 8 mm. SOLUTION fe >| Detail of corner 9 $t Zt = © tan3o” ee eee at fai 1 © Than 30° 2 : cr cr) F = Phan dor = SAB mm a He b= 90-2@= 76, /44 mm os z | Avea bounded by center Mine Q=tbEb «Be. Bercy = 2510.6 mm = 2510.6 #107 m™ L = 0.008 m eee 750 i : “2B * Tlooosxasioneviar) ~ BE7MIO" Fe = 18.67 MPa = O feet ] oy EEE et coo Gro3.139 and 3.140 A S0-kiprn. torque T is applied to a hollow shaft having the cross PROBLEM 3.139 section shown. Neglecting the effet of stress concentration, determine the shearing stress at points a and b, «03% iL SOLUTION Ya , Area bounded by “a ( center Pine. oo 4 o2in 235i A= E(.a}4(aas (38) L F 18.40 in ue : L Pee ee 38 —>l At pot o £2 0.2 in | eon eee: : : ae 5 "FER Gye ageao\ 7 678 Ks | : PEE Tees ane : J M point b £ = 0.8 in, rae Gos Va.) 4.53 ksi ii 3.139 140 A 50-kip-in. torque T is applied to a hollow shaft having the cross PROBLEM 3.140 section shown. Neglecting the effect of stress concentration, determine the shearing . Sees a points @ a NO ee i [- ft Area bounded by centerDine | a La, Os GENE) = RR i ( Po, ‘ = 12-719 in® n a t U [ton 2 4 U Me pata te Fin © 0.28 in 0. 0 CRER * Reo. RTA) sr Perkey - n At poist bo b= Gia 7 0.875 in m7 eee es est ~é Tq Meas NM O foo eco mo: 3.141 and 3.142 A hollow member having the cross section shown is formed from PROBLEM 3.141 sheet metal of 2mm thickness. Knowing thatthe shearing stress must not exceed 3 MPa, determine the largest torque which may be applied to the member. m4 ) fiom SOLUTION ] as 0mm Avea bounded by i s center dine | : * oa O = 48Xs ie doXs) i te oo = 704 mm = 70% 10° m* L = 0.002 m a 2 Te 2E D2 = (\0.00a.Go4m0* }( 3x jo%) = B.45 Nem —_ 3.141 and 3.142 A hollow member having the cross section shown is formed from. PROBLEM 3.142 sheet metal of -mm thickness. Knowing thatthe shearing stress mast not exceed 3 (MPa, determine the largest torque which may be applied to the member. -—»a—} + SOLUTION 43 sah 4 ‘3 ndedd “| ethic he L = (48,18) + o)(8) 3° I em an ee) are = W404 mm = 1404>10%m TB Lt = 0.002 m rv T= 2tOr = (2\(o.002Vito4 mo* 3/08) = 16.85 Nem = ee atabald tod PROBLEM 3.143, 3.143 and 3.144 A hollow member having the cross section shown is to be formed from sheet metal of 0.06 in. thickness. Knowing that a 1250 Ibin, torque will be applied to the member, determine the smallest dimension d which may be used ifthe shearing stress is not 10 exceed 750 psi. SOLUTION Area bounded by centertine Q = (S.99NR-94) - 206d = 17.4636 - 206 9 b= 0.06 im, Us 7806s), Te 1250 dbvin ee U7 Re Sd Q= RF 2150 a 17.4636 - 2.06 a [Link] Ges 7 13.8889 =z 178S in = PROBLEM 3.144 Ss. 3.143 and 3.144 A hollow member having the cross section shown isto be formed from sheet metal of 0.06 in. thickness. Knowing that a 1250 Ibn, torque will be applied to the member, determine the smallest dimension d which may be used ifthe shearing stress is not to exceed 750 psi SOLUTION Area bounded by center = (S44 2.94- A) + 144 ob = 174636 - 4.00 d B= 0.0bin , T+ ISO pa, Te 1250 Lbvin aos tQ Q-h abe 1250 ae x t 12.4686 - 400d = @YOos\750) * 13-8889 g = 35242 hoo = 0.894 in Sl3.145 A hollow cylindrical shaft was designed to have a uniform wall thickness of PROBLEM 3.145 0.1 in, Defective fabrication, however, resulted in the shaft having the eross section shown. Knowing that a 15-kiprin, torque T is applied to the shaft, determine the namie shearing stres at points ¢ and b SOLUTION Kedias of outer civede = 1.2 in odin Radivs oF inner civete = I} iw Mean radios = LIS in : Aven bounded by covtentine 013i Q=TN = TIS = KISS int At point a b= 0.08 in piece 2EX *Blo.0B aes \~ 226 si = ; : +t. : : At pont bo BP OLIZin RO DOyaesy «Sot = 3.146 A cooling tube having the cross section shown is formed from a sheet of stainless steet of 3 mm thickness. ‘The radii c, = 150 mm and ¢, = 100 mm are ‘measured to the centerline of the sheet metal. Knowing that a torque of magnitude T= 3 kN:mis applied to the tube, determine (a) the maximum shearing stress in the tube, (6) the magnitude ofthe torque carried by the outer circular shell. Neglect the «dimension 6f the small opening where the outer and inner shells are connected. SOLUTION PROBLEM 3.146 Se Avea bounded by centertine Q= T(ct-C8) = 1(/S0"- od) = 39,27%10% mm = 24.27 110% m™ b= 0,003 m ere x |? - . e @ tre = Gye Nees) = 12.73 10" Pa = 12.73 MPa =e ®) T= (agit) = aetr = 2m (0,1S0)"(0,008) (12,73 10°) = 5.4o x10" Nem = SHO kNem = poonerPROBLEM 3.147 C 3.147 A cooting tube having the cross section as shown is formed from a sheet of Stainless steel of thickness f. The radi cy and ¢; are measured to the centerine ofthe sheet metal, Knowing that a torque T applied tothe ube, determine in terms of T,¢,, and (the maximum shearing stres inthe tube. SOLUTION Area beunded by centertine Q= Te," - ¢,*) Shearing stress Tr -— es Uae * awk PROBLEM 3.148 AP 3.148 Equal torques are applied to thin-walled tubes of the same length Z, same thickness 7, and same radius ©. One of the tubes has been sit lengthwise as shown, Determine (a) the ratio r/, of the maximum shearing stresses inthe tubes, (b) the 1 ratio #/¢, of the angles of twist of the shafts SOLUTION Without sit ° ° Area bonded by centerfine? Q= TIc* A a ow a art Ix ance one wo 2amete With sit? Qzanc, bet, $= ES a1 CHetres tHe te Ll, -,3r Te con Buc :-l,, --3m. a Gabe “27cE*G ior ST. att ac Stress netior B= sot. SEE . ~ 7 wor ee STL, MetG _ Be? Twist ratio Qe wee IE EE =eed = 3.149 A hollow cylindrical shaft of length £, mean radius c,,,and uniform thickness is subjected to torques of magnitude 7: Consider, onthe one hind, the values ofthe average shearing stress “and the angle of twist @ obtained from the elastic torsion formulas developed in Secs. 3.4 and 3.5 and, on the other hand, the corresponding. values obtained ftom the formulas developed in Sec. 3.13 for thin-walled hollow shafts, vy 4 (a) Show that the relative error introduced by using the thin-wall-shaft formulas rather than the elastic torsion forrmilas i the Same for rye and thatthe relative eror 's positive and proportional to the square of the ratio 1c, (6) Compare the percent ‘error corresponding t0 values ofthe ratio ty equal 0.1,,0.2 and 0.4, SOLUTION Let ¢, = outer rastivs = Cosh and 62 ianer tadies = c,-¥t T= Fale) = E(ets cleus e,)(e,-6,) = E(t + tat + htt ote cub dt?) 20.) £ = amloss te*)eut Tr = eae e eeeee nos anes FE YE g,= ae Th '" IG *° QneS gate Area bounded by centerdine Q:+Tc. ee eee we 2bQe * aMCSE = TL ga. THawe./t) , TL 2 40S YE Fae & ATG tES Rtios: ee EAE r+eke To RROE TH Bm Th gale ete 2 yak ® meste TL Fe we ten) es ria ’3.150 For the solid brass shat shown, determine the maximum shearing stress in (a) PROBLEM 3.180 portion 48, (6) portion BC. SOLUTION Tom3Sipin AB? Te 128-352 9 kip wv. Te, 20 Bk, a Fre Tomes > BSS ee : Bi T= 85 kph, Cxhole 0.625 in he eee : Us Fs Tet Today 7 1 Kei eee eee eee ELEC ELEEEELEEEEC 3.181 Knowing that G= 5.6 « 10° pi forthe sold brass shaft shown, determine the PROBLEM 3.151 angle of twist at point C. > Odds 0.895 in = SOLUTION Ty = 12s Mp Te =a kip, AB? Te 125 -3.5 = 9 kp in, C= $d20.895 in G = S.6x10° psi = SG x10 ksi aN yc %4 ~| Sy Ee*s E(0.825)' = 0.92077 int 1) 620) : = SAR x] pa. Teenie logzo77) = SE «IF Pad Pas* BC: T= 3Skpin, rgd = 0.625 in Sec = Fer = [Link])’ = 0.28968 in* Tele. (a.5)Ca4) = 62 to" Qe = ES eta aloteR) © ORSON vad Net angle oF Hist — Dye - Pag = 10.24>10 rad = 0.587° ~= 3.152 The stepped shaft shown rotates at 900 PROBLEM 3.152 determine the maximum power which ean (29 Lammy, (b) 20mm, she OnE, sonumion Di 400 cpm Coven site pm. Knowing that ry = 42 MPa, be tranomited ithe radius r ofthe file is Frequency F = IS He, D= 160 mm , d= 80mm, Tans 42 MPa = 42x10 Fe, = td 2 dOmm = 0.040 Bs G2 = 20 fa) v= 2 Os Ke 1.33 = KTe ert ines : i T: Be (aia8) = 3217S (0 Nem Pe anfT = (amXkisXsirsxto) = goaxitW = 206kWW (b) p= 2mm, G2 B- ons K = 1.20 2 TPZ. (wKo.040)P(y2x1oe) _ eine (Tsao: (YC-I6) = B.520x10" Nem Ps ankT = (ams @.seono) = a32"08W = B2KW methe modulus of rigidity, shown that the angle of twist at end A is ; taomteulnes 3.183 The long, hollow, tapered shaft 42 has a uniform thickness . Denoting by G oO TL ea ey | $n” Gear cee 4 soLution J eT 1 Fron geometry 1 ae fone Sree \ r] | i4 c= y tend = BiSay - (a) Pico agit 1" ' : Ya thea * ee a i ne LV] re Se f ° i Tr avctt = an Gael ys ’ % s le Ll Td . ou dy TH 10 oe h * Fano ES ve Yo an GYEE (- zy | ) 7 Te Sea te ef wt “WnG-ayte ( bgt Litem a Th {2 Hig see eget n = bne-Gyte Lot” Gel ~ 4nCe-ca) Bec Ce* i eco He n Wn GE cic.3.154 Two solid steel shafts, cach of 30-mm diameter, are connected by the gears PROBLEM 3.154 shown. Knowing that G=77 GPa, determine the angle through which end A rotates ‘when a 200-Nom torque T is applied at. SOLUTION Cabcufation of torques Civcumterential contact force between gears Band D = Te. Te F Vo fo Ns Tou = FE Tag = 3 (200) = 300 Nem Twist in shabt DE foe = Ee’ = E(o.01s)"= 77.624 ¥107* m* = deebee oe )(o.S) wo"? Vee = Glee (17#10*)\(74.S22¥10 eee Seen Rotation ot D Po = Poe = 24.497%10* vad Civcumferential displacement at gear circbes S=Nde= laPe Rototin ot B Qe? z Do = B (at 4t7Wic*) = 36.745 115" vod Twist in shaft AB hag = O11 + [Link] 2 O.9m, Tye 79, $22 #10"" m* = Tle . ov )( 0.1) o wont Pas * “Gin Giniot Waa guano?) = 27-39 xI0 tad Rotetion at A = Fat Van = BGTISHIO™ 4 RI BTIO Ped + CCIE Sad = 8.79° ~J Lu Oo Ci tJ Lui lt C4 See ca 0D 3.155 The angle of rotation of end 4 of the gear-and-shaft system shown must not ‘exceed 4°. Knowing thatthe shafts are made ofa stel for which 14,= 65 MPs and G = 77 GPa, determine the largest torque T which can be safely applied at end A, PROBLEM 3185 SOLUTION Cabevfation oP torque catto Contact Frew F ee Te 2 Te Ye ie Ys Toe = Ter BT = ST Sineg dheger tatave occurs in ahh, ad bhe totqoe Dinck hosed on Renta ete vy Tet. 2Te . (DUST T ace Te? ~~ cr: f . s)= a7 Ne Tr@an ¢ t+ Floos)(esxict) = 227.7 Nem a Twist in shodt DE = Bots [Link])* = 79,522 107 mt) Lee = Om , Tor ST = Teele _ (15 T)C 05) = rio’ Re OI Gmaeycrstamory 7 IRS T Rotation of D dp > 122.485 xj0"* T Civcumberentiod clisplacement at gear circles S= Ado» Ved, Rotation + B Qe & Qe * Bliaa.4es -10°T ) > 183.222 «10° T Twist in shaPt AB — Lyg = 0.140.240.4402 = 0.9m = dake ._TCo9) : wot Ps = re *Crmio\rasiaeto = M46-482 10 T Rotation of A = hs An = 183.7280 T + 146.992016¢T = 330,7/ K/o%% T Roteti on Bait Q = 42 = 69.813 x10 rad. Enveting B30.7/ lo T= 69.813" 2 T= ill Nem Lincting torque is the smadler value T= 2il Nem _3.156 A sheet metal strip of width 6 in. and 0.12 in, thickness is to be formed into a PROBLEM 3.156 tube of rectangular eros secton, Knowing that sy =-4 ks. determine the largest torque tht may be apled othe ube wien (a) 15 ny (D) w= Ldn, (@) = pe vin SOLUTION perimeter p= Gin = 2wa 2d Bin u) depth ds $-w Aves booneled by conterfine OL = wal» wik-w) tsk s T= atat: atw(k-w)e Detat b= O.12in, prin T= 4ke (a) wehs T= QXO1a EMS IED = 2.16 Kiprin oe (be) Wek Ts QXO12 WAI MA) = 2.07 kip = ) welo T= @Xo12Yol@oK4) = 1.99 Kpein =~ The Dangest afowable torque conresponels 4o a square section. 33157 Two solid brass rods AB and CD are brazed oa bras sleeve EF. Determine PROBLEM 3.157 the rato dy, for which the same maximum shearing sre occas inthe rods and in the seve SOLUTION Let cy=4d, and c= th ShPt Aw T= FS “a a feet eee Stee BE et EE Teer avr 2X For equad stresses “nt Wee oc, let x= = X12 xo x Yrew Solve by svecessive approximations starting with Xe = Lo he Ws isa, ta = 216 Me VZRIE = R00 dye JRO + RAV Xq2 PRA = 1.21 Cconveryed) sete = . eee = Hs 12a St Ht eR| i [ Co) ca Co Cc) REPRESS eee ee eee oH eet oo a] 3.158 One ofthe two hollow stee drive shafts of an ocean liner is 75 m long and has PROBLEM 3.158 the eross section shown, knowing that G = 77 GPa and that the shaft transmits 44 ‘MW to its propeller when rotating at 144 rpm, determine (a) the maximum shearing stress inthe shat (6) the angle of twist ofthe shat aa a ae 80mm Ls Sm, Fe ep > BE = 24 He Pe 44 mw = 4410S W < PrarkT To pip = Hee S98 vem = BPs 160 wm = 0.160 m de, S80, ‘ ce = BP. Bomm = 0.290 m T= Elcl-o) = FE ([Link]’- 0.160") = 10,08 10% m _ Tee _ (2-9178«10')(0.290) - eee eee ae eee eae r° jo.03 x10 83.910" Pas 83.4 MPa ey ge Th 21ers perquiot red = 1615 < * 7x10" 10.68 107)3.159 The shaft 4B is made of a material which s clastoplastic with 1) 12.5 ksi and G= 4x10" psi. For the losing shown, determine (a) the radius ofthe elastic core ‘ofthe sha, () the angle of twist at end B. PROBLEM 3.159 SOLUTION = 0.5 in oh |rm an T= ie = Bote = BOs = 2.454 Wo. in T= 8 pin > TH plastic reyion with efastic core T= 4 (i-t8)- Bo 4-2. 4 - GIGI » 9, 38807 & + [Link] pe (0.69318 )CO5) * 0.347 in. = Ls Gf = 72 in Ge 4xiot psi = 4x [0% ksi Th L 2b QM245472)) 2 9.4499 rad Pe FE + TS * ESTAR) QD . 2 Pe 2 _O4HG 7 2 @ a a SH = o.cudo4 md = 92.2" om 4.160 Ifthe 3 kipin, torque applied to the shat of Prob, 3.159 is removed, PROBLEM 3.160 Aetermine (c) the magnitude and location ofthe maximum residual shearing stress in the shaft, (6 the permanent angle of twist of the shaft SOLUTION From the sodution of PROBLEM 3.159, at the end of Posing T= kipsin & = 0.69313, Prt * 0.64904 vad Stresses T2O ot peo , T= 12Sksi aterfr , + lasks) at pre. Unboading T= - Skip in. GB 4x)0% psi * 410% ksi Heeger eae tee Ye3d ee : A at: Te - 2h = Os “16.28 Ksi at pre AT = (0.64318 15.28") = 10,89 ksi at Pr py. . TL . 2TL , Q-372) oe AQ = EF * TSE > Trlos)io*) cee a Residval Tes * Tra + AU At p=Pr bs = 125 - 10-54 = Head ksi Pyne = Pmt +AP = 0.64904 ~ 0.55004 = 0.099 red At pee Tas * IAS 18.78 2 - 2.78 ksi = = $.67° =< 0 pes eee aLt 3.161 The composite shaft shown is twisted by applying a torque T at end A. Knowing thatthe maximum shearing stress inthe stee! shell is 150 MPa, determine the commending mannan srg Ss nese cre Uae O29 steel and G = 27 GPa for aluminum. er ae PROBLEM 3.161 SOLUTION Let GT, , and T reder te the atumcnum cove. ond Gey Tz, and % refer to the steed shelf At the outer surface on the stee/ shed? oP, DL, te eS eect eee At the outer surface of He aluminum core y2-t@, 2h em eae u q ae Matching 2 for beth components etre OG, aG, Solving For T aq acne tiGutet = 0.080 27810" co yiot © Dior “FTe10s © SO*1O > 39. 4210% Pa = 34.4 MPa oePROBLEM 3.C1 3.01 Shaft AB consists of homogeneous cylindrical elements, which ‘can be solid or hollow: Its end A is fixed, while its end Bis free, and ics sub- Jected 10 the loading shown. The length of element iis denoted by L, its outer Element» diameter by OD, it inner diameter by ID,, its modulus of tigkiy by G, and the torque applied to its right end by 7, the magnitude 7, ofthis torque being assumed to be positive if is observed as counterclockwise from end B and negative otherwise, (Note that /D, = 0 ifthe element is solid.) (a) Write a com puter program that can be used to determine the maximum shearing stress in " cach element, the angle of twist of each element, and the angle of twist of the Element 1 entre shaft. (b) Use this program to solve Probs. 3.9, 3.38, 337, 3.150, and SOLUTION 1 FoR fren Cnimpern plempnr, EMTen Beg Oe GG sno commune vi = (/sx}( 08,7 108) eT Ling oF PRosnam UP Dare Terave T#THE AND Coonpe te Tau, = 7 (ov,/2j/ 4; Pag = TH |e ve Aste oF TWEE of ENret MET, CTA LRN Wir 20, uPRATE THROU GH Ht FLERE NT Oot py Lbcéuntn O27 IAT Problem 3.9 and 335° Element Maximm Stress Angle of Twist (apa) (degrees) 1.0000 56.5804 2.5265 20000 36.6264 0.6887 Angle of twist for entire shaft = 3.4152 ° Problem 3.37 Element Maximum stress Angle of Twist (ua) (degrees) 2.0000 33.9531 0.8314 220000 1916488 027433 Angle Of twist for entire shaft = 1.5726 ° Problem 3.150 and 3/67 Slenent Maximm Stress Angle of Tyist Os: (degrees) 1.0000 9.1266 3.5857 2.0000 5526 3.0002 Angle of twist for entire shaft = 0.5955 °PROBLEM 3.C2 PROb PAM cut pur 3.C2_ ‘The assembly shown consists of n cylindrical shafts, which can be solid of hollow, connected by gears and supported by brackets (not shown). End A, of the first shaft is free and is subjected to a torque Ty, while end 8, of the last shaft is fixed. The length of shaft A,B, is denoted by, its outer di- ameter by OD, its inner diameter by 1D), and its modulus of rigidity by G, (Note that 1D; = 0 ifthe element is solid.) The radius of gear A, is denoted by 4, and the radius of gear B, by b,. (a) Write a computer program that can te ‘used to determine the maximum shearing stress in each shaft, the angle of twist of each shaft, and the angle through which end A, rotates. (b) Use this program, to solve Probs. 3.21, 3.39, 3.41, 3.42, and 3.154, SOLUTION Tokavew smn, Sx7ER TH Tue % (1s (82) Foe Each SHAFT, ENTER te OR 1 Ge Je= (22)( of - 12) Fo = 73 (00:)2)/-Jg Pa, = Tbe) Gy Ate or Rommrien AT erp b, ComPorg oTA TION AT THE "AY EMD CF ERM SHEFF STMT WITH ANGLE > Pil, ano UPDATE Feo 27 72 2, ano avD fu, Anste = Ansce (4,)/8,_, + PM, Problen aun ‘Shaft No. [Link] (MPa) Twist Angle (degrees) 1.0000 68.7420 1.4615 270000 72.5013, 0.7707 Angle through which Ai rotates = 3.386 ° Problem 3.39 ‘Shaft No. -Seress (MPa) ‘Twist Angle (degrees) 1.0000 47.7465 2.7764 20000 82.8932 2.0860 Angle through which’A1 rotates = 7.945 ° Pygblen_—___3.4h. iaft No. [Link]éss (kei) ‘Twist Angle (degrees) 1.0000 9.0542, 1.3587 270000 1210722 3175 Angle: through which Ai rotates = 3.115 ° Probl 3.42 ~RGhatt NO, Wak-Gtrées (kei) Twist Angle (degrees) 1.0000 9.0541, 1.3587 2.0000 6.7906 ol7ai1, Angle through which Al rotates = 1.914 ¢ Problea 2154 it No. [Link] (MPa) ‘Twist Angle (degrees) 1.0000 37.7256 2.6843 2:0000 56.5884 124036 Angle through which Al rotates = 3.790 °3.C3 Shaft AB consists of n homogeneous cylindrical elements, which can be solid or hollow. Both ofits ends are fixed, and itis subjected to the loading shown, The length of element i is denoted by L, its outer diameter by OD, its inner diameter by 1D, its modulus of rigidity by G,, and the torque ap- plied to its right end by T,, the magnitude 7; of this torque being assumed to be positive if, is observed as counterclockwise from end 3 and negative oh. enwise. Note that 1D, = 0 if the element is solid and also that T; = 0. Write 2 ‘computer program that can be used to determine the reactions at A and B, the ‘maximum shearing stress in each element, and the angle of twist of each ele. iment. Use this program (a) to solve Prob. 3.56, (6) to determine the maximum shearing stress in the shaft of Example 3.05. SOLUTION WE Consiyer THE RERCTION AT GAS ReDuAmaNT Any RELEASE THE HET ATL, Compute Gg wiry Tero! PROBLEM 3.C3 Foe Pie ELEMENT ENTER “nen, 4 a (ue ae compute J: ¥(0/22Y ong - 2) Uein Ie Forave Fe 7+ 7% ALR Compute Fen Faen BEMmine Tau, = TF lon) J PH = ThE Gide COON OLTE Spt Zpan'nne with BO AND Ponpng rheouin svt Op = FP # a9, Gomvure Gp pur_ro int nave a7 war TAY, = Ob: /2jg iar Pe = 3 16h Foe n Hemena: UMI7e, (i) = UMITE,/L) + UIT Ply SUPER Pos ron Z2R TOP Anele AT B70 GE PERO, gt Gla, fn) = & -& lumr go) Pe gs Tt) + 7B LOR ENet ELEMENT} pai Sqn! Tomi TAY, = TAU; +75 (vm7 THU) AUiLEE CF TWIST! “TORL PMG = PH + 7q (v7 PHL;) PRospem Ovrpur Problem 3.56 TA = 0,290 ktm —_—oee — TB -0.210 kien Blement tau max (MPa) Angle of Twist (degrees) 1 -39.588 71.178 2 31670 11178 Problem 3.05 TA = -51.733 ipege Se TB = -38.267 Ibeee pe 7 5PROBLEM 3.C¢ ‘3.64 ‘The homogeneous, solid cylindrical shaft AB has a length La di- ameter d, a modulus of rigidity G, and a yield strength ry. It is subjected to a torque T that is gradually increased from zero until the angle of twist of the shaft has reached a maximum value 44, and then decreased back to zero. (a) ‘Write a computer program that, for each of 16 values of $, equally spaced ‘over a range extending from 0 to a value 3 times as large as the angle of twist at the onset of yield, can be used to determine the maximum value 7, of the torque, the radius of the elastic core, the maximum shearing stress, the per- ‘manent twist, and the residual shearing stress both at the surface of the shaft and atthe interface of the elastic core and the plastic region. (b) Use this pro- ‘gram to obtain approximate answers to Probs. 3.95, 3.113, 3.159, and 3.160. SOLUTION a©) Ar owser on esp Teme Gey taZ ae & BL (Ep : Ae a Dy= anbie of 7wHT For YNLeRoIve Th TGS Ys 7H AT ere % geTe ‘Tax TAY Ar p=by 7 SURRRCE Lonome pra Uncenving Fae G20 1 b= Bh, vind Oy INCREMENTS ior d

bt 7 use bali) — (% sé ECL 2) pasion: tye tm-by ye Te Te OH & Tet CONTINUEDPROBLEM 3.C4 - CONTINUED Problem ‘PHIM deg 0.000 01417 01033, 11250 11687 2083 2500 21917 31334 31750, 4167 4584 5.000, 51417 Ta34 9.000 91524 29.049 28.573, 381098 47.622 57.147 66.671, 76.196 85.720 95.245 104769 114.294 123.818 1331343 1421867 3.95 kiptin, 9.900 2.783, 5.567 81350 311133 131916 35 872 16.865 37.423 171760 171975 ig.119 18.219 18.292 28/344 181383, Problems 3.159 and 3.160 PEIN deg 0.000 5.157 210:313, 435.470 20.626 25.783 30.940 36.096 41.253 46.410 51.565 56.723 61.879 67.036 721193 77.349 ™ wéptin. -900 laa. [982 1473 963, ery ‘199 974 073, 1132 [170 he t213 226 235, [242 3 3 3 3 3 [750 1625, 1536 469 417 375 [3a ta3. 288 268 250 +500 500 500 "500 "500 500 [417 357 313 1278 250 227 208 ig2 179 167 (WIER PORTE BETWEEY LULL AT VALUES 08 J, [MD ICRIBL ‘TAUM kei, 12) 16. 2a. 21) 21. 21) 21 au. au. 2a 21) 21 2a! -900 1200 ‘400 600 800 000 000 000 000 ‘000 ‘000 200 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 ‘000 TRUM Mpa ° 32 6a 96 128 160 -000 000 000 000 t000 T0900 160.000 160 260 150 £000 to00 ‘000 1807000 1607000 160. 160. 160. 160. ‘000 ‘000, ‘000 ‘000 TAM kei -000 500 200 500 ‘000 "500 500 500 500 500 ‘500 ‘500 500 "500 500 500 ‘TAURI Mpa 0.000 0000 0.000 0,000 0000 9:00 71942 211502 34905, 46-562 56.667 65.307 72.719 791116 94.677 89.547 kod, -000 000 000 ‘000 000 000 620 1.680 2.719 31638 alaa7 5.102 5.681 6.181 6615, 6.996 ‘TAUR2 kei, 2.000 0.000 9.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -21949, valaaa ers 00 has [343 43a ‘602 6a Sra TauR2 Mpa 0.000 9.000 0:00 0.000 0:00 0.000, -221469 -33:897 ~40.323 tig 1667 [325 475 =50.298 T9304 751.358 kad, 9.000 9,000 92000 9.000 97000 92000 -1.755, 21643 452 ‘645. 175 1a65, 1930 977 taloi2 Tz kipsin y= 18 kepin. eS Wim Tae S hips, r LPROBLEM 3.C5 3.08. The exact expression is given in Prob, 3.64 forthe angle of twist of the solid tapered shaft AB when a torque T is applied as shown, Derive an ‘approximate expression for the angle of twist by replacing the tapered shaft by ‘eylindrical shafts of equal length and of radius r, = (n+ i ~ §)(c/n), where i= 1,2,...,m. Using for 7, L, G, and ¢ values of your choice, determine the percentage error in the approximate expression when (a)n = 4,(b)n = 8, (c)n = 20,(d)n = 100. SOLUTION Filton Fkog. 2.8% FxaeT MAPMWES 10? po Th 7) Te eee Th oe, b= (fq) ey = 218500 Zan Lowsier zypican Cty SHAFT eaCore- dl) by jE L eli)? ages 2). Gu fren unr yates OF TL, G an a, Tiare: spacion vaute caw ee ev 7eneO) Lvrer pre vneus or gene rere p FATER 1 = NUMBER CyLINPRICRL SHBETS Foe £=1 Tem, urea Te A Ppaprap Ov7n7 of Peckham CORFFICIENT of TL/Gc*4 Exact coefficient from Prob. 3.64 is 0.18568 ‘Number of elemantal disks = 2 mn approximate exact. percent error 4 0.17959 0.29568 3.28185 8 0.18410 0.18568 085321, 20 0.19542 0.18568 -0.13810 100 0.18567 0.18568 0.00554Pest ee eee ft 3.08 A tonque T is applied as shown to the long, hollow, tapered shaft eee AB of uniform thickness ¢. The exact expression for the angle of twist of the sheft can be obtained from the expression given in Prob, 3.153, Derive an ap- ‘proximate expression for the angle of twist by replacing the shaft by 2 cylindrical tings of equal tength and of radius r, = (n+ i \\o/n), where i= 1,2,...,n, Using for T, L, G, ¢ and t values of yout choice, determine ‘the peroentage cror inthe approximate expression when (a)n = 4.(B)n = 8, (n= 20,(d)n = 100, SOLUTION See Tk ser is hows C eek y Tue Ale JE shame iio wi can UE Ee THE ppeMESS CF THE crEMDkiene RINES, foe cee Ox tonrOn 2578 & c \ L| bh? 7 n t re Cx ze almee~g)(E) 4 (hoon? = (arnt = at? = ZU) ads EO 4Miee v7 inves Con Tk, & t, amc (nore:

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