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Warning Warning: The ORES infrastructure is being deprecated by the Machine Learning team, please check wikitech:ORES for more info.

ORES (/ɔɹz/)[1] (Objective Revision Evaluation Service) is a web service and API that provides machine learning as a service for Wikimedia projects maintained by the Machine Learning team. The system is designed to help automate critical wiki-work – for example, vandalism detection and removal. Currently, the two general types of scores that ORES generates are in the context of “edit quality” and “article quality.”

ORES is a back-end service and does not directly provide a way to make use of the scores. If you'd like to use ORES scores, check our list of tools that use ORES scores. If ORES doesn't support your wiki yet, see our instructions for requesting support.

Looking for answers to your questions about ORES? Check out the ORES FAQ.

Edit quality

ORES edit quality flow. A descriptive diagram of edits flowing from "The Internet" to Wikipedia depicts the "unknown" quality of edits before ORES and the "good", "needs review", "damaging" labeling that is possible after ORES is made available.

One of the most critical concerns about Wikimedia's open projects is the review of potentially damaging contributions ("edits"). There's also the need to identify good-faith contributors (who may be inadvertently causing damage) and offer them support. These models are intended to make the work of filtering through the Special:RecentChanges feed easier. We offer two levels of support for edit quality prediction models: basic and advanced.

Basic support

Assuming that most damaging edits will be reverted and edits that are not damaging will not be reverted, we can build using the history of edits (and reverted edits) from a wiki. This model is easy to set up, but it suffers from the problem that many edits are reverted for reasons other than damage and vandalism. To help that, we create a model based on bad words.

  • reverted – predicts whether an edit will eventually be reverted

Advanced support

Rather than assuming, we can ask editors to train ORES which edits are in-fact damaging and which edits look like they were saved in goodfaith. This requires additional work on the part of volunteers in the community, but it affords a more accurate and nuanced prediction with regards to the quality of an edit. Many tools will only function when advanced support is available for a target wiki.

  • damaging – predicts if an edit causes damage
  • goodfaith – predicts whether an edit was saved in good-faith

Article quality

English Wikipedia assessment table. A screenshot of the English Wikipedia assessment table (as of June 2024)

The quality of Wikipedia articles is a core concern for Wikipedians. New pages must be reviewed and curated to ensure that spam, vandalism, and attack articles do not remain in the wiki. For articles that survive the initial curation, some of the Wikipedians periodically evaluate the quality of articles, but this is highly labor intensive and the assessments are often out of date.

New article evaluation

The faster that seriously problematic types of draft articles are removed, the better. Curating new page creations can be a lot of work. Like the problem of counter-vandalism in edits, machine predictions can help curators focus on the most problematic new pages first. Based on comments left by admins when they delete pages (see the logging table), we can train a model to predict which pages will need quick deletion. See en:WP:CSD for a list of quick deletion reasons for English Wikipedia. For the English model, we used G3 "vandalism", G10 "attack", and G11 "spam".

  • draftquality – predicts if the article will need to be speedy deleted (spam, vandalism, attack, or OK)

Existing article assessment

For articles that survive the initial curation, some of the large Wikipedias periodically evaluate the quality of articles using a scale that roughly corresponds to the English Wikipedia 1.0 assessment rating scale (articlequality). Having these assessments is very useful because it helps us gauge our progress and identify missed opportunities (e.g., popular articles that are low quality). However, keeping these assessments up to date is challenging, so coverage is inconsistent. This is where the articlequality machine learning model comes in handy. By training a model to replicate the article quality assessments that humans perform, we can automatically assess every article and every revision with a computer. This model has been used to help WikiProjects triage re-assessment work and to explore the editing dynamics that lead to article quality improvements.

The articlequality model bases its predictions on structural characteristics of the article. E.g. How many sections are there? Is there an infobox? How many references? And do the references use a w:Template:cite xxx template? The articlequality model doesn't evaluate the quality of the writing or if there's a tone problem (e.g. a point of view being pushed). However, many of the structural characteristics of articles seem to correlate strongly with good writing and tone, so the models work very well in practice.

  • articlequality – predicts the (Wikipedia 1.0-like) assessment class of an article or draft

Topic routing

Topic Cross-walk. A visualization of the cross-wiki labeling process is presented. English Wikipedia's WikiProjects tag articles by topical interest. WikiProjects are organized into a taxonomy of topic labels. The topic labels are applied to articles on other wikis via Wikidata sitelinks.

ORES' article topic model applies an intuitive top-down taxonomy to any article in Wikipedia -- even new article drafts. This topic routing is useful for curating new articles, building work lists, forming new WikiProjects, and analyzing coverage gaps.

ORES topic models are trained using word embeddings of the actual content. For each language, a language-specific embedding is learned and applied natively. Since this modeling strategy depends on the topic of the article, topic predictions may differ between languages depending on the topics present in the text of the article.

New article evaluation

New article routing. A diagram maps the flow of new articles in Wikipedia with the 'draftquality' and 'articletopic' ORES models used for routing.

The biggest difficulty with reviewing new articles is finding someone familiar with the subject matter to judge notability, relevance, and accuracy. Our drafttopic model is designed to route newly created articles based on their apparent topical nature to interested reviewers. The model is trained and tested against the first revision of articles and is thus suitable to use on new article drafts.

  • drafttopic – predicts the topic of an a new article draft

Topic interest mapping

Article tagging example (Ann Bishop). Ann Bishop is tagged by WikiProjects East Anglia, Women scientists, Women's history, and Biography. The topic taxonomy translation and predictions are presented. Note that the predictions include more relevant topic information than the taxonomy links.

The topical relatedness of articles is an important concept for the organization of work in Wikipedia. Topical working groups have become a common strategy for managing content production and patrolling in Wikipedia. Yet a high-level hierarchy is not available or query-able for many reasons. The result is that anyone looking to organize around a topic or make a work-list has to do substantial manual work to identify the relevant articles. With our articletopic model, these queries can be done automatically.

  • articletopic – predicts the topic of an article (more details )

Support table

The ORES support table reports the status of ORES support by wiki and model available. If you don't see your wiki listed, or support for the model you'd like to use, you can request support.

API usage

ORES offers a Restful API service for dynamically retrieving scoring information about revisions. See https://ores.wikimedia.org for more information on how to use the API.

If you're querying the service about a large number of revisions, it's recommended to batch no more than 50 revisions within a given request as described below. It's acceptable to use up to 4 parallel requests. Please do not exceed these limits or ORES can become unstable. For even larger number of queries, you can run ORES locally

Example query: http://ores.wikimedia.org/v3/scores/enwiki/?models=draftquality|wp10&revids=34854345|485104318 

{
  "enwiki": {
    "models": {
      "draftquality": {
        "version": "0.0.1"
      },
      "wp10": {
        "version": "0.5.0"
      }
    },
    "scores": {
      "34854345": {
        "draftquality": {
          "score": {
            "prediction": "OK",
            "probability": {
              "OK": 0.7013632376824356,
              "attack": 0.0033607229172158775,
              "spam": 0.2176404529599271,
              "vandalism": 0.07763558644042126
            }
          }
        },
        "wp10": {
          "score": {
            "prediction": "FA",
            "probability": {
              "B": 0.22222314275400137,
              "C": 0.028102719464462304,
              "FA": 0.7214649122864883,
              "GA": 0.008833476344463836,
              "Start": 0.017699431000825352,
              "Stub": 0.0016763181497590444
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "485104318": {
        "draftquality": {
          "score": {
            "prediction": "OK",
            "probability": {
              "OK": 0.9870402772858909,
              "attack": 0.0006854267347843173,
              "spam": 0.010405615745053554,
              "vandalism": 0.0018686802342713132
            }
          }
        },
        "wp10": {
          "score": {
            "prediction": "Stub",
            "probability": {
              "B": 0.02035853144725939,
              "C": 0.021257471714087376,
              "FA": 0.0018133076388221472,
              "GA": 0.003447287158958823,
              "Start": 0.1470443252839051,
              "Stub": 0.8060790767569672
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 

Result


Example query: https://ores.wikimedia.org/v3/scores/wikidatawiki/421063984/damaging 

{
  "wikidatawiki": {
    "models": {
      "damaging": {
        "version": "0.3.0"
      }
    },
    "scores": {
      "421063984": {
        "damaging": {
          "score": {
            "prediction": false,
            "probability": {
              "false": 0.9947809563336424,
              "true": 0.005219043666357669
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 

Result


EventStream usage

The ORES scores are also provided as an EventStream at https://stream.wikimedia.org/v2/stream/revision-score

Local usage

To run ORES locally you can install the ORES Python package by: 

pip install ores # needs to be python3, incompatible with python2

Then you should be able to run it through: 

echo -e '{"rev_id": 456789}\n{"rev_id": 3242342}' | ores score_revisions https://ores.wikimedia.org (your user-agent string goes here) enwiki damaging

You should see output of 

017-11-22 16:23:53,000 INFO:ores.utilities.score_revisions -- Reading input from <stdin>
2017-11-22 16:23:53,000 INFO:ores.utilities.score_revisions -- Writing output to from <stdout>
{"score": {"damaging": {"score": {"prediction": false, "probability": {"false": 0.9889349126544834, "true": 0.011065087345516589}}}}, "rev_id": 456789}
{"score": {"damaging": {"score": {"prediction": false, "probability": {"false": 0.9830812038318183, "true": 0.016918796168181708}}}}, "rev_id": 3242342}
 

Result


Footnotes

  1. ↑ Originally the Objective Revision Evaluation Service, this long name is now deprecated.
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