European Union Investment: % of GDP

1995 - 2024 | Quarterly | % | CEIC Data

Key information about European Union Investment: % of GDP

  • European Union Investment accounted for 20.7 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2024, compared with a ratio of 20.7 % in the previous quarter.
  • EU investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1995 to Jun 2024, with an average ratio of 21.9 %.
  • The data reached an all-time high of 24.8 % in Sep 2022 and a record low of 19.2 % in Mar 2013.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. Eurostat provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.


Related information about European Union Investment: % of GDP

  • In the latest reports, EU GDP expanded 1.0 % YoY in Mar 2023.
  • EU Nominal GDP reached 4,430.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.
  • Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 6.5 % in Mar 2023.
  • EU GDP Per Capita reached 38,468.8 USD in Dec 2021.
  • Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 25.9 % in Jun 2024.

View European Union's Investment: % of GDP from Mar 1995 to Jun 2024 in the chart:

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European Union Investment: % of GDP
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European Union Investment: % of GDP

What was European Union's Investment: % of GDP in Jun 2024?

European Union Investment accounted for 20.7 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2024, compared with a ratio of 20.7 % in the previous quarter. See the table below for more data.

Last Previous Min Max Unit Frequency Range
20.7 Jun 2024 20.7 Mar 2024 19.2 Mar 2013 24.8 Sep 2022 % quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024

Investment: % of GDP by Country Comparison

country/region Last Frequency Range
Albania (%) 21.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2008 - Jun 2024
Algeria (%) 37.7 2023 yearly 1950 - 2023
Argentina (%) 13.4 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1993 - Jun 2024
Armenia (%) 22.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Dec 1994 - Jun 2024
Australia (%) 25.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Sep 1959 - Jun 2024
Austria (%) 25.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1988 - Jun 2024
Azerbaijan (%) 19.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2001 - Jun 2024
Bahrain (%) 20.4 2022 yearly 1975 - 2022
Bangladesh (%) 31.0 2024 yearly 1960 - 2024
Belarus (%) 22.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1994 - Jun 2024
Belgium (%) 22.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Jun 2024
Bolivia (%) 15.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1990 - Jun 2024
Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) 32.4 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2008 - Jun 2024
Botswana (%) 36.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2006 - Jun 2024
Brazil (%) 17.3 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Brunei (%) 33.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2004 - Jun 2024
Bulgaria (%) 20.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Cambodia (%) 16.0 2023 yearly 1960 - 2023
Canada (%) 21.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1961 - Jun 2024
Chile (%) 22.2 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1996 - Dec 2022
China (%) 42.1 2023 yearly 1952 - 2023
Colombia (%) 14.7 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 2005 - Dec 2022
Croatia (%) 26.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Cyprus (%) 15.9 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Czech Republic (%) 26.2 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Denmark (%) 26.0 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1990 - Dec 2022
Ecuador (%) 22.8 Sep 2022 quarterly Mar 1991 - Sep 2022
Egypt (%) 12.6 Dec 2022 quarterly Sep 2001 - Dec 2022
Estonia (%) 25.2 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1993 - Jun 2024
European Union (%) 20.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Finland (%) 21.9 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1990 - Mar 2023
France (%) 21.3 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Sep 2024
Georgia (%) 22.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1996 - Dec 2023
Germany (%) 20.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1991 - Jun 2024
Ghana (%) 10.8 2023 yearly 2006 - 2023
Greece (%) 16.3 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Hong Kong SAR, China (%) 13.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1973 - Jun 2024
Hungary (%) 17.4 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Mar 2023
Iceland (%) 25.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
India (%) 32.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Jun 2004 - Jun 2024
Indonesia (%) 33.6 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1993 - Sep 2024
Iran (%) 32.9 Mar 2022 quarterly Jun 1988 - Mar 2022
Ireland (%) 7.9 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Israel (%) 22.4 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Italy (%) 21.8 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1980 - Dec 2022
Ivory Coast (%) 24.2 2023 yearly 1960 - 2023
Japan (%) 25.4 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Jun 2024
Jordan (%) 17.6 2023 yearly 1963 - 2023
Kazakhstan (%) 31.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2007 - Jun 2024
Kenya (%) 16.4 2023 yearly 1964 - 2023
South Korea (%) 30.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1960 - Jun 2024
Kosovo (%) 32.7 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 2010 - Mar 2023
Kuwait (%) 16.9 2022 yearly 1962 - 2022
Kyrgyzstan (%) 40.5 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Sep 2023
Laos (%) 29.0 2016 yearly 2000 - 2016
Latvia (%) 23.2 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1992 - Jun 2024
Lebanon (%) 21.8 2021 yearly 1990 - 2021
Lithuania (%) 23.1 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2022
Luxembourg (%) 15.6 Sep 2022 quarterly Mar 1995 - Sep 2022
Macau SAR, China (%) 13.2 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1998 - Jun 2024
North Macedonia (%) 21.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2024
Malawi (%) 12.3 2019 yearly 1960 - 2019
Malaysia (%) 25.3 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1991 - Jun 2024
Malta (%) 19.0 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2024
Mauritius (%) 28.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
Mexico (%) 21.9 Sep 2022 quarterly Mar 1993 - Sep 2022
Moldova (%) 24.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Mongolia (%) 25.6 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2005 - Jun 2024
Montenegro (%) 24.0 Sep 2022 quarterly Mar 2010 - Sep 2022
Morocco (%) 30.9 Dec 2014 quarterly Mar 1998 - Dec 2014
Mozambique (%) 19.9 2023 yearly 1991 - 2022
Myanmar (%) 34.1 2018 yearly 1996 - 2018
Nepal (%) 30.5 2024 yearly 1965 - 2024
Netherlands (%) 20.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1987 - Jun 2024
New Zealand (%) 20.3 Jun 2024 quarterly Jun 1987 - Jun 2024
Nigeria (%) 36.1 2023 yearly 1981 - 2023
Norway (%) 22.4 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1978 - Dec 2022
Oman (%) 26.9 2022 yearly 1967 - 2022
Pakistan (%) 13.1 2024 yearly 1960 - 2024
Palestinian Territory (%) 27.3 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 2011 - Dec 2022
Panama (%) 37.7 2023 yearly 1996 - 2023
Paraguay (%) 19.0 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1994 - Jun 2024
Peru (%) 18.2 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1980 - Mar 2023
Philippines (%) 27.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Jun 1972 - Jun 2024
Poland (%) 14.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Portugal (%) 18.1 Mar 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Mar 2024
Qatar (%) 29.9 Sep 2022 quarterly Mar 2013 - Sep 2022
Romania (%) 23.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1995 - Jun 2024
Russia (%) 23.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1993 - Jun 2024
Saudi Arabia (%) 26.3 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 2003 - Dec 2022
Serbia (%) 23.9 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2022
Singapore (%) 21.0 2023 yearly 1960 - 2023
Slovakia (%) 19.6 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1990 - Jun 2024
Slovenia (%) 21.9 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2022
South Africa (%) 14.9 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1960 - Jun 2024
Spain (%) 19.6 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Sep 2024
Sri Lanka (%) 27.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2010 - Jun 2024
Sudan (%) 2.0 2023 yearly 1976 - 2023
Sweden (%) 24.0 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Jun 2024
Switzerland (%) 24.3 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Jun 2024

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European Union Key Series

Government and Public Finance Last Frequency Range
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) -3.5 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) -649,147.924 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Tax Revenue (USD mn) 4,800,027.215 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) 25.8 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
National Government Debt (USD mn) 15,317,621.4 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2024
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 81.5 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2024
BE: General Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 103.100 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Balance: EA 19 (EUR mn) -520,732.400 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EA 19 (EUR mn) 6,670,489.200 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 19 (EUR mn) 7,191,221.400 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EA 19: Current Taxes on Income Wealth and Etc (EUR mn) 1,503,285.600 2018 yearly 1995 - 2018
General Govt: Revenue: EA 19: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 1,504,935.500 2018 yearly 1995 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 28: Current Taxes on Income Wealth (EUR mn) 3,875.300 2018 yearly 2001 - 2018
General Govt: Revenue: EU 28: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 2,129,883.400 2018 yearly 2001 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 19: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 123,173.500 2018 yearly 1995 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 28: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 158,376.700 2018 yearly 2001 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 27E: Total (EUR mn) 8,427,615.800 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 27E: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 322,363.500 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 27E: Cur Taxes on Income Wealth & Etc (EUR mn) 4,843.700 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EU 27E: Total (EUR mn) 7,827,392.000 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EU 27E: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 2,191,926.700 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Balance: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR mn) -600,224.000 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EU 27E: Current Taxes on Income Wealth & Etc (EUR mn) 2,246,338.400 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Balance: EA 20 (EUR mn) -521,399.800 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EA 20: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 1,801,931.500 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 20: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 293,675.500 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Revenue: EA 20 (EUR mn) 6,706,204.600 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 20 (EUR mn) 7,227,604.200 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
SSC: Balance: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR mn) 52,284.500 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
SSC: Balance: EA 20 (EUR mn) 54,083.300 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Gross Debt: General Government: EU 27 excl UK (EUR mn) 14,300,832.200 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2024
Gross Debt: General Govt: SFD: Long Term: EU 27 excl UK (EUR mn) 10,796,947.300 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
Gross Debt: General Govt: SFD: Short Term: EU 27 excl UK (EUR mn) 719,393.800 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
General Government Debt: % of GDP: EU 27 excl UK (%) 80.800 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
Foreign Trade Last Frequency Range
Trade Balance (USD mn) 8,744.1 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Total Exports (USD mn) 236,279.9 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Total Exports Growth (%) 1.3 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Aug 2024
Total Imports (USD mn) 227,535.8 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Total Imports Growth (%) 2.3 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Aug 2024
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) 50,195.328 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) 30,895.562 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Total Exports to China (USD mn) 20,373.606 Jun 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jun 2024
Total Imports from China (USD mn) 50,637.451 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
AT: Exports Volume Index: swda (2015=100) 95.200 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2000 - Jul 2024
AT: Imports Volume Index: swda (2015=100) 87.400 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2000 - Jul 2024
BE: Trade Balance: swda (EUR mn) 2,008.900 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Aug 2024
Trade Balance: EA 19 (EUR bn) 22.51 Jun 2018 monthly Jan 1999 - Jun 2018
Trade Balance: EU 27E (EUR bn) -1.663 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E (EUR bn) 195.565 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR bn) 197.227 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: Growth Rate: YoY (%) -0.800 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Aug 2024
Exports: Growth Rate: YoY (%) -1.800 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Aug 2024
Exports: EA20: Growth Rate: YoY (%) -2.400 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Aug 2024
Imports: EA20: Growth Rate: YoY (%) -2.300 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Aug 2024
Trade Balance: swda: EU 27E (EUR bn) 7.935 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E (EUR bn) 214.410 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR bn) 206.475 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20 (EUR bn) 237.859 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: Growth Rate: MoM (%) 1.000 Aug 2024 monthly Feb 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: Growth Rate: MoM (%) -0.100 Aug 2024 monthly Feb 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA20: Growth Rate: MoM (%) -0.500 Aug 2024 monthly Feb 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EA20: Growth Rate: MoM (%) -0.900 Aug 2024 monthly Feb 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 75.377 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 44.525 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 34.092 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 4.222 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 13.662 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 56.766 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 43.113 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 20.204 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 6.096 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 10.865 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EU 28: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 2.838 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Exports: EU 28: MP: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 14.257 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Imports: EU 28: MP: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 7.177 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Imports: EU 28: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 3.146 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Exports: EU 27E: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 2.800 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 26.080 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 3.016 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 8.975 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 73.738 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 41.577 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 45.165 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible except Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 4.193 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 16.661 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 62.501 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 48.587 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 24.401 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible except Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 6.472 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27E: Food, Drink and Tobacco (FT) (FT) (EUR bn) 12.290 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EA 20: MP: OP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 69.706 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EA 20: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 18.489 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EA 20: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 47.854 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EA 20: MP: OP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 79.670 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 80.203 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 46.325 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 35.365 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 4.127 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 14.629 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 60.256 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 44.118 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 20.402 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 6.423 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 11.856 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 83.707 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 45.908 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 47.893 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible ex Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 4.754 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 17.417 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 68.707 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 48.855 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 26.590 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible ex Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 6.983 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 13.196 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EA 20: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 16.273 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EA 20: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 7.489 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EA 20: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 53.456 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 19.526 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 4.907 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 53.037 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: MP: OP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 90.682 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: China: Total (EUR bn) 17.179 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: China: Total (EUR bn) 45.950 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: China: Total (EUR bn) 15.842 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): China: Total (EUR bn) 39.678 Jun 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jun 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Russia: Total (EUR bn) 2.720 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Russia: Total (EUR bn) 2.704 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Russia: Total (EUR bn) 2.475 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): Russia: Total (EUR bn) 2.618 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 15.430 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 11.038 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 13.465 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 9.311 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 9.626 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 8.386 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 8.299 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 7.973 Jun 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jun 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: United States: Total (EUR bn) 45.549 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: United States: Total (EUR bn) 28.036 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports: EU 27E: United States: Total (EUR bn) 41.933 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): United States: Total (EUR bn) 26.618 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Exports Volume Index: EU27E (2015=100) 100.000 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
Imports Volume Index: EU27E (2015=100) 111.100 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
Exports Unit Value Index: EU27E (2015=100) 147.700 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
Imports Unit Value Index: EU27E (2015=100) 141.400 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
Exports Volume Index: swda: EU27E (2015=100) 93.200 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
Imports Volume Index: swda: EU27E (2015=100) 105.800 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 109.400 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: EU 27E: Machinery and Transport Equipment (2015=100) 87.100 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: EU 27E: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (2015=100) 139.900 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: EU 27E: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants (2015=100) 131.100 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: EU 27E: Food and Live Animals (2015=100) 117.000 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: EU 27E: Manufactured Products (2015=100) 113.700 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 114.700 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: EU 27E: Machinery and Transport Equipment (2015=100) 113.200 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: EU 27E: Petroleum Products (2015=100) 184.100 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: EU 27E: Crude Materials, Inedible (2015=100) 113.600 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 109.400 May 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - May 2024
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Machinery and Transport Equipment (2015=100) 80.900 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (2015=100) 126.600 May 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - May 2024
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants (2015=100) 127.300 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Crude Materials, Inedible (2015=100) 109.000 May 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - May 2024
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 108.300 May 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - May 2024
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Petroleum Products (2015=100) 176.600 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants (2015=100) 145.400 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Crude Materials, Inedible (2015=100) 106.900 May 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - May 2024
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Beverages and Tobacco (2015=100) 105.700 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jul 2024
Balance of Payments Last Frequency Range
Direct Investment Abroad (USD mn) 4,180.5 Aug 2024 monthly Apr 1999 - Aug 2024
Current Account Balance (USD mn) 135,819.1 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) 2.8 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) 12,302.2 Aug 2024 monthly Apr 1999 - Aug 2024
Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) 0.9 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Mar 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment (USD mn) 281,376.122 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
Foreign Portfolio Investment: % of GDP (%) 6.9 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Equity Securities (USD mn) 137,403.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities (USD mn) 143,972.389 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
External Debt (USD mn) 17,845,563.5 Mar 2024 quarterly Mar 2008 - Mar 2024
External Debt: % of GDP (%) 110.0 2023 yearly 2008 - 2023
Total Debt: % of GDP (%) 719.1 2022 yearly 2001 - 2022
Net International Investment Position (USD mn) 1,082,164.528 Jun 2024 quarterly Mar 1999 - Jun 2024
BOP: EU27E: Current and Capital Account (EUR bn) 95.277 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 4.385 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Capital Account (EUR bn) -9.274 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 28.383 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 91.994 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Financial Account: Direct Investment (DI) (EUR bn) 167.086 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: FA: Portfolio Investment (PI) (EUR bn) 123.204 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account (EUR bn) 1,050.863 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current and Capital Account (EUR bn) 1,058.971 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 569.427 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 190.739 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 24.371 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Capital Account (EUR bn) 8.108 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 266.326 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Financial Account: Direct Investment (EUR bn) -62.153 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: FA: Portfolio Investment (EUR bn) 158.279 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account (EUR bn) 946.312 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current and Capital Account (EUR bn) 963.694 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 477.433 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 162.355 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 44.582 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Capital Account (EUR bn) 17.383 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 261.941 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Financial Account: Direct Investment (EUR bn) -229.238 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: FA: Portfolio Investment (EUR bn) 35.075 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: FA: PI: Equity & Investment Fund (EUR bn) 95.930 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: FA: PI: Debt Securities (EUR bn) -60.849 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account (EUR bn) 90.896 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 83.445 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 10.779 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) -15.452 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 24.902 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 261.210 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account (EUR bn) 939.032 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 473.043 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 176.550 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 40.353 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 249.086 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 187.329 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 556.488 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 12.124 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account (EUR bn) 1,029.929 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EA 20: CA: Credit (EUR bn) 466.465 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
BoP: EA 20: CA: Services: Debit (EUR bn) 109.685 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
BOP: EA 20: CA: Primary Income (PA) (EUR bn) 3.323 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
BOP: EA 20: CA: Secondary Income: Debit (EUR bn) 26.620 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
BOP: EA 20: Net Errors & Omissions (EUR bn) -35.510 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
BOP: EA 20: swda: CA: Credit (EUR bn) 498.447 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
BoP: EA 20: swda: CA: Services: Debit (EUR bn) 111.241 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Aug 2024
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: America: United States (EUR mn) 20,778.300 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: United Kingdom (EUR mn) 62,771.100 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Netherlands (EUR mn) 42,120.600 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Luxembourg (EUR mn) 29,700.400 2022 yearly 2015 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Belgium (EUR mn) 6,020.800 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: EU 27E (EUR mn) 121,931.500 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: America: United States (EUR mn) -188,875.300 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Luxembourg (EUR mn) -16,424.600 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Germany (EUR mn) 24,190.800 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: France (EUR mn) -21,792.300 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Belgium (EUR mn) -1,263.300 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: EU 27E (EUR mn) 58,984.400 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Financial and Insurance Activities (EUR mn) 85,525.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Information and Communication (EUR mn) -47,466.700 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Wholesale and Retail Trade (EUR mn) 25,775.400 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Manufacturing (EUR mn) -25,406.000 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Mining and Quarrying (EUR mn) -2,447.300 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Administrative and Support Service Activ (EUR mn) -8,593.100 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Professional, Scientific and Tech Activ (EUR mn) 14,509.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Financial and Insurance Activities (EUR mn) -100,574.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Information and Communication (EUR mn) -38,066.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Wholesale and Retail Trade (EUR mn) 614.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
Monetary Last Frequency Range
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) 3.7 2017 yearly 2008 - 2017
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) 44.7 Jun 2024 quarterly Sep 1997 - Jun 2024
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) 11,588,686.867 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Sep 2024
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) 17,168,912.561 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Sep 2024
M2 Growth (%) 2.2 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1981 - Sep 2024
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) 1.0 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Sep 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) 301,563.6 Sep 2024 monthly Dec 1999 - Sep 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) 1.897 Jun 2024 quarterly Dec 1999 - Jun 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) 1.3 Aug 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Aug 2024
Total Deposits (USD mn) 17,215,828.306 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Sep 2024
Total Deposits Growth (%) 3.3 Sep 2024 monthly Sep 1998 - Sep 2024
Domestic Credit (USD mn) 25,617,671.6 Jul 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jul 2024
Domestic Credit Growth (%) -1.4 Jul 2024 monthly Sep 1998 - Jul 2024
Household Debt (USD mn) 7,427,828.1 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Sep 2024
Total Loans (USD mn) 20,675,699.935 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Sep 2024
Total Loans Growth (%) 2.44 Sep 2024 monthly Sep 1998 - Sep 2024
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) 79.27 Jun 2024 quarterly Sep 1997 - Jun 2024
Money Supply M3: Outstanding (EUR bn) 16,528.810 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1970 - Sep 2024
Money Supply M3: swda: Outstanding (EUR bn) 16,548.705 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Sep 2024
Money Supply M2: swda: Outstanding (EUR bn) 15,405.036 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Sep 2024
Money Supply M1: Outstanding (EUR bn) 10,402.350 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1970 - Sep 2024
Money Supply M1: swda: Outstanding (EUR bn) 10,398.104 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Sep 2024
Money Supply M2: Outstanding (EUR bn) 15,402.898 Sep 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Sep 2024
Eurosystem: ORA: Foreign Currency Reserves (FCR) (EUR bn) 270.607 Sep 2024 monthly Nov 1999 - Sep 2024
Eurosystem: Official Reserve Assets (ORA) (EUR bn) 1,282.794 Jul 2024 monthly Nov 1999 - Jul 2024
MFIs Loans: Outstanding: Households: Consumer Credit (CS) (EUR bn) 686.042 Jan 2019 monthly Sep 1997 - Jan 2019
MFIs Loans: Outstanding: Households: HP: Over 5 Years (EUR bn) 4,296.809 Jan 2019 monthly Sep 1997 - Jan 2019
Business and Economic Survey Last Frequency Range
Business Confidence Growth (% Point) -4.2 Oct 2024 monthly Jan 1986 - Oct 2024
BE: Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI): sa: NACE 2 (% Point) -20.400 Oct 2024 monthly Jan 1985 - Oct 2024
Construction Confidence Indicator (CCI): sa: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (% Point) -15.900 Apr 2020 monthly Jan 1985 - Apr 2020
Economic Sentiment Index: sa: EU 27 excl UK (NA) 65.800 Apr 2020 monthly Jan 1985 - Apr 2020
Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI): sa: EA 19 (% Point) 5.80 Jul 2018 monthly Jan 1985 - Jul 2018
Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI): sa: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (% Point) -30.600 Apr 2020 monthly Jan 1985 - Apr 2020
Service Confidence Indicator (SCI): sa: Euro Area 19 (% Point) 15.30 Jul 2018 monthly Jan 1996 - Jul 2018
Service Confidence Indicator (SCI): sa: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (% Point) -35.400 Apr 2020 monthly Oct 1996 - Apr 2020
Eurocoin Leading Indicator (Number) 0.140 Sep 2024 monthly Dec 2019 - Sep 2024

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