Editorial Policies and Publishing Standards
Mission
Cancer and aging are two sides of age-related tumorigenesis.
The mission of the journal is to understand the mechanisms surrounding aging and age-related diseases, including cancer as the main cause of death in the modern aged population.
Aims and Scope
The journal aims to promote treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging, validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases, prevention of cancer by inhibiting aging.
The scope of the journal covers topics beyond traditional gerontology and aging research, including human age-related diseases such cancer, macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, among others. Recently, the journal has been focusing on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome.
Aging’s Special Collections distinctly reflect the journal’s dedication.
Submission
All submissions should be made electronically through the online submission system (https://aging.msubmit.net/). Before you submit a manuscript, be sure to read all of Aging’s Editorial Policies.
You can find complete details on how to submit a manuscript when you log on to the online submission system to create an author account.
The corresponding author must use a valid institutional email address for submission. Alternatively, please use the Manuscript Comment section to provide an ORCID number with institutional information or a record of publications associated with a non-institutional address.
SUBMISSION OF FILES
Please carefully read the Instructions for Authors in the submission system.
When submitting manuscripts, authors are strongly encouraged to upload original source files to the system. Uploading original source files will greatly facilitate publication of an accepted manuscript. Submit all files via the submission system; no emails. The following are acceptable file formats:
Manuscript files: Word, WordPerfect (doc or docx). No other format.
Graphics files: TIFF (preferable), PNG, JPG (not recommended), or EPS format.
Once you have successfully submitted your manuscript online, you will receive acknowledgment via email.
In the submission system, please provide names, affiliations, and real emails for ALL co-authors.
SUBMITTING REVISIONS
If you have been asked to revise your manuscript and you are ready to resubmit the revised version, log on to the submission system and - on your author home page - click the "Revise Manuscript" link of the manuscript you wish to resubmit. You will be asked to review the information you originally submitted to confirm its accuracy. If any of the original files have been revised, please replace them. Include only the final version of each file in your revised submission.
In your rebuttal letter, please be sure to provide a point-by-point reply to the reviewers' comments as well as a listing of all the changes made, including any changes in authorship, noting the page numbers on which the individual changes appear.
When you have successfully resubmitted your manuscript, you will receive acknowledgment via email. The revised version of your manuscript may undergo another review if the original submission required extensive changes or if the authors' responses to the criticisms entail rebuttal rather than revision. The decision on whether the manuscript will be sent back out for further review is at the discretion of the Editors.
Editorial Policies
The following guidelines are based on the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Aging complies with the Committee's Code of Conduct and adheres to its Best Practice Guidelines. Aging follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' uniform requirements for manuscripts. Please click here for the full text.
Licenses and Copyright
Aging applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) to all works we publish (read the human-readable summary or the full license legal code). Under the CC BY 4.0, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in Aging, so long as the original authors and source are cited.
No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
In most cases, appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article. If the item you plan to reuse is not part of a published article (e.g., a featured issue image), then please indicate the originator of the work, and the volume, issue, and date of the journal in which the item appeared. For any reuse or redistribution of a work, you must also make clear the license terms under which the work was published. This broad license was developed to facilitate open access to, and free use of, original works of all types. Applying this standard license to your own work will ensure your right to make your work freely and openly available.
Upon publication, Aging deposits all articles in PubMed Central. This complies with the policies of funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health in the United States, the Wellcome Trust and the Research Councils in the United Kingdom, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Germany, which request or require deposition of the published articles that they fund into publicly available databases.
Peer Review Policy
Aging is committed to high-quality peer review. All submissions undergo a rigorous and timely peer-review process.
Aging utilizes a submission system created by eJournalPress (EJP) to facilitate the peer review process. The login portal for the submission system can be found on the Aging homepage.
After submission, a manuscript goes through an initial internal quality control check by the managing editor/journal’s staff from the Editorial Office. The purpose of this control check is to ensure that submissions include everything needed for peer review and to identify potential conflicts with the journal’s editorial policies and ethical standards. Checked items include, for example, financial disclosures, conflicts of interest, authors contribution information, and authors identification information. All new submissions are screened for image irregularities by our Image Forensics team. The authors will be approached for changes or clarifications when they are required.
Then, the assistant editor in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief selects as reviewers external independent experts in the field, based on their published work and expertise. Aging utilizes the Web of Science Review locator Service. This service is integrated into Aging submission system. In addition, Aging uses an assortment of strategies and resources for reviewer selection. For example, databases and search tools are very helpful for finding researchers working on similar topics. At Aging, the most used database is PubMed because it is a comprehensive database of biomedical and life sciences literature. The Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions databases are also very helpful. Aging also uses Google Scholar and Jane search tools. ResearchGate can also be used to identify potential reviewers. During their submission, we ask the authors to provide up to five keywords to define their research. This information can then be used to search a database. The reference section of a submitted article is also an excellent place to start because it is a source of the names of other respected researchers working in the same field as the authors of the article.
After receiving an average of 3 reviews (at least 2 reviews and for some papers 4), the Editor-in-Chief makes a decision as to whether the paper must be rejected outright or accepted or can be returned to the authors for revision. After revision and resubmission, the revised article and the authors’ detailed responses (rebuttal) are sent back to the reviewers for their additional comments. If the reviewers consider further revision necessary, then the article is returned to the authors for a second round of revision. No more than 3 rounds of revisions are allowed. There are two types of revision: Minor (a few straightforward recommendations) and Major (substantial changes required). At Aging revisions are very common. Our philosophy is that peer review is essential for publishing high-quality papers, and reviewers' comments can be very helpful for improving manuscripts. After receiving and considering the reviewers feedback, as well as making his own assessment, the Editor-in-Chief makes a final decision. Decisions are sent to the authors in a formal letter through the submission system, along with the reviewers’ feedback.
Accepted manuscripts will then be moved to production. Aging uses a tracking manuscript system (JPS) created by eJournalPress to track all accepted manuscripts to maintain a quick and efficient publication process.
Aging uses single-anonymous peer review. This type of peer review is also called single-blind peer review. This is a conventional method of peer review in which the authors do not know who the reviewers are, though the reviewers know who the authors are.
The contents of all manuscripts are considered privileged. All Editors and reviewers are required to maintain strict confidentiality concerning all manuscripts. The status of a manuscript and its details are available only to the Aging editorial staff, authors, Editors, and peer reviewers involved.
Papers that contain fabrication, image manipulation or plagiarism will not be accepted. Plagiarism is checked using the service provided by Crossref (Crossref Similarity Check). For the images and tables checking we use the advanced image forensics services. At Aging, we utilize tools developed in-house as well as commercially available products (mainly ImageTwin software) for image forensics. Three types of image forensics are typically performed:
Search for irregularities within the paper.
Search for image matches in other papers within our journals.
Search for image matches within other journals.
If any research integrity issue is confirmed, the submission will be returned to the authors for clarification. The manuscript is rejected if the issue is not resolved by the authors. All new submissions and revisions are checked for their scientific integrity, using the aforementioned tools.
Guidelines for different study types
We recommend that where applicable authors refer to the FAIRsharing Portal for prescriptive checklists for reporting biological and biomedical research.
Authors should also comply with standard reporting guidelines for specific study designs. Please check the EQUATOR Network for those guidelines. Documentation for specific studies should be uploaded as supporting information during manuscript submission.
RESEARCH PAPERS
There is no word limit for any section of the paper, except for the abstract (no more than 200 words); no reference limit.
Research papers should contain the following sections in this order: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Contact Information, Keywords (5), Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion, Methods or Materials and Methods, Abbreviations, Author Contributions, Acknowledgments, Conflicts of Interest, Funding, References.
All research involving human participants must have been approved by the authors' institutional review board or equivalent ethics committee(s). Upon request from the journal, authors should submit documentation from the review board or ethics committee confirming approval of the research.
For research involving human participants, informed consent must have been obtained, or an explanation provided as to why consent was not obtained.
Research papers involving human participants should contain the following sections in this order: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Contact Information, Keywords (5), Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion, Methods or Materials and Methods, Abbreviations, Author Contributions, Acknowledgments, Conflicts of Interest, Ethical Statement, Consent, Funding, References.
All animal work must have been conducted according to relevant national and international guidelines. All such studies must also have been approved by the authors' institutional review board or equivalent ethical committee(s), and this must be stated in the manuscript.
Research papers involving animal work should contain the following section: Ethical Statement
Please do not provide a running title or word count.
REVIEWS
All reviews should be well-referenced.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses must use the PRISMA statement as a guide.
Authors may also register their systematic review (e.g., in a registry such as PROSPERO) and provide a registry number during submission.
CASE REPORTS AND CLINICAL RESEARCH PAPERS
Clinical investigations must be conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki and should follow the CARE and AGREE guidelines.
All research involving human participants must have been approved by the authors' institutional review board or equivalent ethics committee(s). Authors should submit, upon request from the journal, documentation from the review board or ethics committee confirming approval of the research.
For research involving human participants, written informed consent must be obtained from the person(s) (or a parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 18), or an explanation why consent was not obtained must be provided. If a person has died, consent for publication must be obtained from their next of kin. The manuscript must include a statement that written informed consent for publication was obtained.
Case Reports and Clinical Research papers should contain the following sections: Ethical Statement, Consent
CLINICAL TRIALS
Aging uses the WHO definition of clinical trials for all trials that began enrollment on or after January 1, 2009. This definition states that a clinical trial is "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes." For more information, see the ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. Public disclosure of all clinical trial results was made mandatory by the 2007 FDA Amendments Act, among other laws.
Clinical trial reports must follow the guidelines for their study design. These include CONSORT for randomized controlled trials and TREND for non-randomized trials or other specialized guidelines when applicable.
For all clinical trial submissions, authors must include the following:
Registration details (reported in the Abstract)
Reporting guideline checklist (e.g. CONSORT)
Reporting guideline flow diagram
Trial protocol
Institutional review board (IRB) approval
The manuscript file must include the following information:
An explanation of any deviation from the trial protocol
A description of the informed consent obtained from participants
Any additional relevant information; for example, statistical methods or participants not indicated in the guidelines documentation
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY
In accordance with the guidelines published by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), Aging requires, as a condition of consideration for publication, that all clinical trials be registered in one of six ICMJE-approved public trial registries ( https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/). Trials must be registered before or at the onset of patient enrollment. In addition to accepting registration in any of the six ICMJE-approved registries, and following the recommendations of ICMJE, Aging accepts registration of clinical trials in any of the primary registers that participate in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). Whether the trial is the subject of the paper or the author refers to other trials in the text, the registration number should always be included so that we can create a link to the trial's record in the appropriate database. Registration solely in a partner registry is insufficient. Prior disclosure of results on a clinical trial registry site will not affect consideration of the trial.
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Reports on studies of diagnostic accuracy should follow the STARD requirements.
MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS
Reports on microarray experiments should follow the MIAME guidelines published by the Functional Genomics Data Society (FGED), and the data from the experiments must be deposited in a publicly accessible database.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
For reports of epidemiological studies, authors should refer to the STROBE initiative.
MEETING REPORTS
Meeting Reports from conferences and symposia on cancer research/oncology should ideally be submitted within three months of the meeting.
RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES
Research Perspectives are topical discussions of recent scientific advances and may contain clarifications and new interpretations. They may include both published and unpublished original data to clarify a point. Specifics: They must include an abstract and keywords, may include any number of figures, and must be well referenced.
COMMENTARIES, EDITORIALS AND NEWS
Commentaries and Editorials are, generally, invited brief discussions of recently published papers in Aging and elsewhere. There is a strict word limit of 800 words and no more than seven references. Special reference format: one author et al, no titles.
Authorship
Who should be listed as an author is determined by the authors or by policies at their institutions, or both. As a general guideline, persons listed as authors should have contributed substantively to 1) the conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting of the article or revising it for important content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all authors have agreed 1) to be authors and to be listed in the order specified by the submitting author; 2) to the manuscript's content; and 3) to its submission to the journal. If any changes to authorship are proposed after the manuscript is submitted (including the order of author listing), the corresponding author must provide the Publication Office with signed documentation from each author on the manuscript, including those being added, removed, or rearranged in byline order, affirming that the authors all agree to the changes. Please contact [email protected] regarding any authorship changes. Aging accepts no responsibility for deciding matters of authorship, including but not limited to the names of the authors and listed order. Aging reserves the right to not publish the manuscripts that are in dispute.
Group authorship
Aging follows the recommendations on group authorship presented in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications. The submitting author must identify any group named as an author as well as the named individuals from that group who accept responsibility for the article.
If all individuals belonging to the group take responsibility, then the group itself is an author and all members must be named and sign copyright release forms. In this case, the group name should appear in the byline, and the names of all members should appear in a note. However, if the group is the only author, then at least one author must be identified by name who will be responsible for manuscript communications and who will respond to inquiries about the published article. This author's name and contact information should be presented as the Corresponding Author in a note on the title page.
If a subset of group members is taking responsibility for the article, then these individuals must be named and sign copyright release forms. In this case, the named members should appear in the byline along with the group name. Other members who are not authors may be listed in the Acknowledgments.
No prior or subsequent publication
When a manuscript is submitted and accepted, the authors should confirm in writing that the submitted manuscript, or very similar manuscript, has not been published in any peer-reviewed journal. The corresponding author is responsible for attesting to this on behalf of all authors.
We welcome preprints from BioRxiv and any other preprint platforms.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism in any form is not acceptable.
All articles should be original. If plagiarism is identified, we will follow COPE guidelines.
Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, any form of copying (text, images, data, ideas) without proper attribution.
Note that all papers published in Aging are subject to plagiarism scanning. Aging uses CrossCheck, a special service provided by CrossRef, to check submitted manuscripts for plagiarism against a constantly growing database of premium scholarly journals, books, law reviews, patents, dissertations and theses, pre-prints, conference proceedings and internet pages. Please make sure any sources that are directly quoted are properly cited in your reference list. Papers showing an excessive amount of similarity to other published papers will be subject to major revisions or rejection. If plagiarism is detected after publication, we may issue a correction or retract the paper. We reserve the right to inform authors' institutions about plagiarism detected either before or after publication.
Conflict of Interest
Aging policy requires that authors and reviewers reveal to the Editors any relationships that they believe could be construed as resulting in an actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest with regard to the manuscript submitted for review. All new and revised submissions must include such a statement.
Conflict of interest exists when an author (or the authors institution), reviewer, or Editor has financial or personal relationships that inappropriately influence (bias) his or her actions. The potential for conflict of interest can exist whether or not an individual believes that the relationship affects his or her scientific judgment. Financial relationships (e.g., employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony) as well as personal relationships and academic competition must be declared.
The authors are responsible for providing a detailed conflict of interest statement on the title page of their submission, even if there are no conflicts to disclose. To ensure that the Editors and reviewers assigned have ready access, manuscripts will not enter the peer review process unless this statement is included. If a potential conflict of interest is disclosed, notification concerning the relationship will be published along with the article.
Each published article contains a Conflict of Interest Statement, even if there are no conflicts to disclose.
Confidentiality
All reviewers and Editors are required to adhere to ethical guidelines that mandate strict confidentiality concerning all aspects of the manuscripts and their content. Manuscripts submitted for consideration for publication are privileged communications, and the status of the manuscript and details regarding it are available only to the Aging editorial staff, authors, Editors, and peer reviewers involved.
Submission of a manuscript implies that all authors accept Aging’s strict policy that under no circumstances will the identities of the Editors, or information leading to their identities, be revealed.
Embargo Policy
Upon request from a reporter, Aging makes the full text of these articles available in advance of publication with the understanding that the embargo policy will be upheld. Embargo dates and times are established by Aging.
Advanced release of material is intended for reporters only, but may be shared with third parties such as coworkers at the author's institution or organization or experts in the field for the purposes of obtaining expert opinion and commentary. The reporter is responsible for communicating and obtaining an understanding from the third party that the embargo will be honored and the advance material will not be further distributed without permission from Aging.
Reporters should credit Aging as the source of the information in any reports.
Authors are free to talk with the press starting on the day of acceptance. We also allow authors to discuss their work in press with other scientific journals for purposes of coverage in review material. If your press office wishes to issue a press release, they should contact us at [email protected].
Artificial Intelligence Tools
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in scientific research offers numerous benefits but also presents unique challenges and ethical considerations. This policy outlines Aging’s stance on responsible AI use in scientific research and publication, ensuring transparency, accountability, and integrity.
AI AUTHORSHIP
Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, currently do not meet the criteria for authorship. Authorship implies accountability for the work, which cannot be ascribed to LLMs. Researchers must document the use of LLMs in the Methods section of their manuscripts, or in an appropriate alternative section if a Methods section is not available.
GENERATIVE AI IMAGES
The use of generative AI for image creation introduces complex legal and ethical issues. While these issues are still being resolved, the use of AI-generated images and videos in publications is generally not permitted unless the images are obtained from agencies with whom we have contractual agreements and are created in a legally acceptable manner. Exceptions are also made for images and videos referenced in works specifically about AI, subject to case-by-case review. Researchers should disclose the use of non-generative AI tools for manipulating, combining, or enhancing existing images or figures in the relevant caption upon submission for individual assessment.
AI USE BY PEER REVIEWERS
Peer reviewers are crucial to maintaining the quality and credibility of content published in Aging. Their evaluations must be based on their expertise and must not rely on generative AI tools due to potential issues such as outdated information and inaccuracies. Moreover, manuscripts may contain sensitive or proprietary information that should not be shared with AI tools. Any use of AI tools in evaluating manuscripts must be transparently declared in the peer review report.
AI TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
AI tools and technologies contributing to a study or article must be clearly reported in the Methods or Acknowledgements section, detailing the tools used, their application, and the validation of their outputs. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy, validity, and originality of AI-generated content, avoiding plagiarism, and properly citing all sources. AI should not be used to fabricate or misrepresent research data.
A lack of compliance with this policy will be regarded as misrepresentation, and actions may include notifying the authors' institutions, rejecting the manuscript, retracting published articles, or issuing editorial notices.
Adherence to this policy will help maintain the integrity of scientific research and publication in the evolving landscape of AI technology. Regular reviews and updates to this policy will be conducted to keep pace with advancements in AI.
Ethical Statement
All research involving human participants must have been approved by the authors' institutional review board or equivalent committee(s). Authors should submit, upon request from the journal, documentation from the review board or ethics committee confirming approval of the research.
For research involving human participants, informed consent must have been obtained (or explain why consent was not obtained). Authors should submit, upon request from the journal, documentation confirming that informed consent was obtained.
We reserve the right to contact the author’s institution.
All clinical investigations must have been conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2013.
All animal work must have been conducted according to relevant national and international guidelines. All such studies must have been approved by the authors' institutional review board or equivalent ethical committee(s), and this must be stated in the manuscript. In accordance with the recommendations of the Weatherall report on "The use of non-human primates in research," we specifically ask the authors to include details of animal welfare and steps taken to ameliorate suffering in all work involving non-human primates.
Informed consent
For research involving human participants, informed consent must have been obtained (or explain why consent was not obtained).
Patients have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. Written informed consent for publication must be obtained from the patient (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 18, or from the next of kin if the patient has died). Identifying information should not be published unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication.
Post Publication Investigations
If a problem arises post-publication, Aging conducts investigations following COPE guidelines in cooperation with the authors and their affiliated institution.
1. Any instance of unethical publishing behavior will be investigated, even if it is discovered years after publication.
2. Editors/Publishers follow COPE recommendations as a guideline for ensuring that investigations are effective.
3. If an error or misconduct are confirmed, a correction or retraction is published in the journal.
4. We investigate any misconduct in cooperation with the Ethical Committee of the corresponding University/Clinical center.
5. Impact Journals maintains a subscription to PubPeer, a website that allows users to discuss and review scientific research after publication.
6. While investigating an article, we also publish the statement "This article is currently undergoing investigation". This note remains in place until the concern is resolved.
Advertising Policy
Aging-US.com does not advertise on its website.
Publishing Standards
Authors are expected to comply with standard reporting guidelines for study designs.
DATA PRESENTATION
Image Manipulation
Make sure that immunoblots and other images have no duplications, falsifications, fabrications or incorrect manipulations. Permitted manipulations must be mentioned in the legends or text.
Aging uses image forensics to check applicable images of all papers before publication. To ensure that your images will be of sufficient quality to pass this analysis, please carefully read the Image Requirements section of the Authors Instructions on the submission site.
Figures/Images: TIFF (preferable), PNG, JPG (not recommended), or EPS format. NO OTHER FORMATS ARE ACCEPTABLE. Figures/Images should NOT be embedded in the article file.
Publication in Aging is contingent on the minimal use of image adjustment, and the final image must remain representative. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable only if they are applied to the whole image and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original, including backgrounds. Nonlinear manipulation, such as "gamma," should only be used to adjust the overall presentation of the image to assure that details are visible in the printed form. Alteration of specific features within an image is generally not acceptable. Subforms of an image should not be enhanced, obscured, moved or removed in relation to the larger image.
Nonlinear algorithms to enhance overall presentation, such as background subtraction, shading correction, sharpening, despeckling and flattening, may be acceptable, but disclosure of adjustments must be included in the legend, and the specific techniques must be described. Descriptions must include the original, unprocessed files for comparison.
Human Protein Atlas
If your submission utilizes images from The Human Protein Atlas, please ensure the guidelines provided are followed.
If you use images, or reference a specific gene, or other data downloaded from the site, in addition to citing The Human Protein Atlas, please also cite the specific image, gene, or data used and the URL that links directly to that information in a manner that will allow a third party to navigate to that image or data on the site.
Include image credit: Human Protein Atlas
ANDInclude citation to the specific image, gene, or data used and the URL that links directly to that information: image/gene/data available from v##.proteinatlas.org . Where ## indicates the desired version of the atlas.
Image Acquisition and Analysis
It is the author's responsibility to exercise discretion during data acquisition so that misrepresentation is avoided. Acquisition of images for comparative purposes must be standardized. Selected specimen areas should objectively represent the critical features being presented. Figures/Images should be in TIFF format, but JPEG or PNG can be accepted. Authors should retain their unprocessed images and metadata files, as Editors may request them to aid in manuscript evaluation. If unprocessed data are unavailable, manuscript evaluation may be delayed until the issue is resolved. Files that have been adjusted in any way should be saved separately from the originals, in the same formats.
We encourage authors to use colors that can be distinguished by color-blind readers. Please submit your figures in RGB or grayscale—do not convert your files to CMYK. This will optimize their appearance online. If possible, embed the ICC profile. All figures must be over 600 dpi as per the requirement of PubMed Central. Only unprocessed original files should be used for analysis. If data are presented that include mathematical representations of pixel intensities and locations, the original unprocessed files must be provided for review.
Image Composites
The grouping of images from different originals must be made explicit, both by the arrangement of the figure (i.e., adding dividing lines) and in the text of the figure legend. This arrangement also applies to multiple fields taken from the same image (e.g., individual lanes combined from a single electrophoresis gel) and separate images acquired under different conditions. If dividing lines are not included, they will be added by our production department, and this addition may result in publication delays.
Figures presenting merged color images from fluorescence originals must include the original single-channel images used to make the merged file. Original images captured as color files are acceptable, but grayscale images are preferred and should be laid out in sequence as part of the figure.
Multiple images may be combined into a single photomontage when the area of interest cannot be captured in a single image. In such a case, all images that make up the montage must be captured using a standardized method. Each smaller image must overlap its neighboring image by one quarter of the shared field in each direction. The outer boundary of the combined image must be clearly delineated with a line. Any post-processing must be done to the total combined montage.
Electrophoretic Gels and Blots
Authors are asked to include positive and negative controls, as well as molecular size markers, on each gel and blot and to provide a citation for previously characterized antibodies. For antibodies that are less well characterized in the system under study, we require a detailed characterization that demonstrates not only the specificity of the antibody, but also the range of reactivity of the reagent in the assay, which will be published as Supplementary Data. Vertically sliced gels should be clearly separated, with no juxtaposed lanes, or a line can be included delineating the boundary between the lanes.
The display of cropped gels and blots in the main manuscript is encouraged if it improves the clarity and conciseness of the presentation. In such cases, the cropping must be mentioned in the figure legend. These cropped images should be labeled as in the main text. The manuscript's figure legends should include the information noted below:
Cropped gels in the manuscript must retain important bands.
Cropped blots in the body of the manuscript should retain at least 6 bandwidths above and below the band.
High-contrast gels and blots are discouraged, as overexposure may mask additional bands. Authors should strive for exposures with gray backgrounds. High-contrast immunoblots should be surrounded by a black line to indicate the borders of the blot.
All image acquisition tools and image processing software must be described.
Microscopy
Images made available to referees should be at least 600 dpi at the size in which they will be published. Adjustments should be applied to the entire image. Threshold manipulation, expansion or contraction of signal ranges and the altering of high signals should be avoided. "Pseudo-coloring" and nonlinear adjustment (e.g., "gamma changes") are only allowed if unavoidable and must be disclosed, as noted above. The following items should be included with the final revised version of the manuscript for publication:
Magnification scale bar for each image
In the Methods section — type of equipment (microscopes/objective lenses, cameras, detectors) used; acquisition software; and description of specialized techniques requiring large amounts of processing, such as confocal, deconvolution, 3D reconstructions, or surface and volume rendering
Reporting on Cell Line Use
Aging strongly encourages the re-authentication of cell lines used in the research reported in its journals. If cell lines were used in the research, a statement addressing the following points must be included in the Materials and Methods section of the manuscript:
From where and when the cells were obtained
Whether the cell lines have been tested and authenticated
The method by which the cells were tested
How and when the cells were last tested
If cells were obtained directly from a cell bank that performs cell line characterizations and passaged in the user's laboratory for fewer than 6 months after receipt or resuscitation, reauthentication is not required. In these cases, the author should include the method of characterization used by the cell bank.
Gene and Protein Nomenclature
The authors are required to include the approved nomenclature at the first mention of any gene or protein described in their manuscript.
In addition to the use of common names, authors are required to include the approved nomenclature at the first mention of any gene or protein described in their manuscript. All gene names, whether approved or common, must follow the correct format guidelines: Approved human gene symbols can be obtained from the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee website. Approved mouse nomenclature can be obtained from Mouse Genome Informatics. If no approved gene name exists, the authors must obtain an approved gene name from the appropriate committee or other resource through one of the links shown below:
Mouse: http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/nomen/index.shtml
Rat: http://rgd.mcw.edu/nomen/nomen.shtml
Protein names are the same as the gene symbol but are not italicized, with all letters in uppercase.
Inclusion of the approved nomenclature will minimize confusion and make it possible for the journal to provide links to the genome databases for the online version of the article.
Strain Information
In experiments involving animal models, details concerning sex, age, weight, strain, substrain, and source must be delineated. The genetic crosses that were used to generate the experimental and control population must also be described. Strain information may be included in the Materials and Methods section. In descriptions of genetically engineered animals, the source and strain of the embryonic stem (ES) cell should be included, along with details as to whether the animals were maintained on the original background (isogenic with the ES cell genetic background), maintained on a mixed strain background, or made congenic onto another strain. In addition, the genotypes of all experimental and control groups must be specified.
Authors should refer to the guidelines of the International Society for Transgenic Technologies.
AVAILABILITY AND DEPOSIT OF MATERIALS AND DATA
General
Materials, data, and protocols should be made available upon request and within a reasonable amount of time, under the terms agreed upon by the party making the request and the authors. Restrictions on availability must be disclosed in a cover letter at the time of manuscript submission. Investigators must exercise great care to ensure that data and resources involving human subjects and materials derived from human subjects do not identify original donors or subjects, either directly or through identifiers such as codes linked to the donors or subjects. These requirements are subject to amendment, as the need for disclosure is likely to change with evolving technologies. The publisher will contact the authors' institution(s) in cases where authors do not follow policy.
Materials
Unique materials, such as cells, plasmids, antibodies and animal models, and protocols that were used in the research reported and which are not available from commercial suppliers must be made available either through the authors' laboratories or organizations or through an appropriate collection or repository. If they are not submitted to a repository, the materials should be made available as long as they are currently used in the researchers' laboratories and available to the researchers themselves. Materials that are difficult to obtain or cannot be easily propagated or synthesized are exempt from this requirement. Authors are not required to share materials when requests are for intended commercial use. The requesting party will be responsible for any reasonable associated cost.
Data
The publication of articles that include new genes, proteins, genomics, SNPs, proteomics, or crystallographic structures is contingent upon deposition in a publicly accessible database, when available. Any corresponding accession numbers must be provided in the manuscript prior to acceptance for publication. The above-mentioned data for which a publicly available database does not exist must be made available for a period of 3 years, and requests for data are limited to those contained in the article. Authors also may be required to make primary data available to Editors or reviewers upon request. These reporting requirements extend to the sequences of oligonucleotides used in antisense strategies and RNA, to the chemical structures of drugs and synthetic compounds that have not been previously published (see below), and to the details of the synthesis or methods of production of the molecules and materials used in the experiments (if not commercially available). For previously reported structures and sequences, accurate references must be provided in the manuscript.
We wish to draw your attention to a critical issue that can significantly impact the integrity of your data, especially when dealing with large datasets and gene names: the use of both Excel and Google Sheet spreadsheets. While these applications offer convenience and familiarity, they may not be the most suitable choices for managing and analyzing large datasets, especially those containing gene names. We strongly recommend exploring alternative software or methods to prevent potential data integrity problems, including errors in the conversion of gene names.
Here are compelling reasons to exercise caution when considering both Excel and Google Sheet spreadsheets for large datasets, particularly those involving gene names:
Gene Name Conversion Errors:
Excel and Google spreadsheets can inadvertently convert gene names into scientific notation or date formats, introducing errors that can be challenging to detect and correct.Data Loss and Modification:
Both Excel and Google Sheets may automatically alter data formatting, potentially leading to the loss of precision in numerical values or unintended changes to your dataset, including gene names.
In addition, we would like to point out other disadvantages of using Excel/Google spreadsheets for medical research work:
Limited Functionality:
Excel and Google Sheets may lack advanced data manipulation and analysis features required for complex research tasks, especially when working with large datasets and gene-related information.Performance Issues:
As your dataset grows in size, both Excel and Google Sheets may become sluggish, resulting in slower data processing and analysis, which can negatively impact your research productivity and the accuracy of gene-related analyses.
To mitigate these potential issues, we recommend (but not require) considering alternative software and tools designed for handling large datasets and gene-related information, such as:
Bioinformatics Tools:
Utilize specialized bioinformatics software and libraries designed for gene-related data analysis and management, such as Bioconductor in R or specialized genome browsers.Statistical Software:
R, Python/Anaconda (with libraries like Pandas and BioPython), and Julia provide robust data manipulation and analysis capabilities, making them suitable choices for large datasets containing gene names.Plain text file formats:
Rather than retaining genomic data within spreadsheets, our suggestion is to store them as plain text files. These commonly come with extensions like "csv," "tsv," or "txt." These formats are inherent to computer languages and are well-suited for the extended preservation of data. In contrast, Excel formats such as "xls" or "xlsx" are proprietary and subject to Microsoft®'s decisions regarding future developments.Alternative spreadsheet programs:
If you must use spreadsheets, we recommend using LibreOffice, as it doesn’t aggressively autoformat data.
By avoiding both Excel and Google spreadsheets for large datasets containing gene names and adopting more appropriate alternatives, you can significantly enhance data integrity, efficiency, and the overall quality of your research and gene-related data analysis processes.
Chemical Structures and Syntheses
The exact chemical structures (and not simply the chemical names) of any unpublished synthetic, low-molecular-weight chemical compounds used as part of the described research (including clinical studies in humans) must be disclosed. For novel structures previously unreported, experimental details of the synthetic methodology should be included in the main body of the paper or in the Supplementary Data. Any references or patents cited that provide the synthesis of compounds should specifically identify the exact molecules that are studied in the paper; general references to patents are not sufficient.
Depositing Data in Public Databases
Aging requires that authors submitting manuscripts containing functional genomics data should follow standards of the Functional Genomics Data Society (FGED). These guidelines include a checklist of information that should accompany each new microarray submission. Authors will also be required to deposit the data with either of 2 public repositories — GEO or ArrayExpress — and to publish the accession numbers in the article.
Large data sets of peripheral significance to the main thesis of the investigation will not be published in the print journals, but may be posted as a data supplement to the online version of the article. Supplementary Data must be submitted for review with the manuscript.
Authors of manuscripts with new nucleotide or amino acid sequences must deposit the sequence information with GenBank. Authors outside the United States may elect to deposit sequence information in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) database or the DNA Databank of Japan.
Authors must submit the relevant accession numbers for deposited sequences with the manuscript, and these will be published with the article. Whether a sequence is the one the author has deposited or the author is simply referring to it in the text, the accession number or ID code should always be included in the text so that we can create a link to the appropriate database.
Example:
GenBank accession no. B11596
Accession Numbers
All appropriate datasets, images, and information should be deposited in public resources. Please provide the relevant accession numbers (and version numbers, if appropriate). Accession numbers should be provided in parentheses after the entity on first use. Suggested databases include, but are not limited to:
In addition, as much as possible, please provide accession numbers or identifiers for all entities (e.g., genes, proteins, mutants, diseases, etc.) for which there is an entry in a public database, for example:
Providing accession numbers enables linking to and from established databases and integrates your article within a broader collection of scientific information.
Clinical Trial Registry
In accordance with the guidelines published by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), Aging requires, as a condition of consideration for publication, that all clinical trials be registered in one of 6 ICMJE-approved public trial registries (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/). Trials must be registered at or before the onset of patient enrollment. In addition to accepting registration in any of the 6 ICMJE-approved registries, and following the recommendations of ICMJE, Aging accepts registration of clinical trials in any of the primary registers that participate in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP). Whether the trial is the subject of the paper or the author refers to other trials in the text, the registration number should always be included so that we can create a link to the trial's record in the appropriate database.
Registration only in a partner registry is insufficient. Aging uses the WHO definition of clinical trials for all trials that began enrollment on or after January 1, 2009. This definition states that a clinical trial is "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes." For more information, see the ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.
FORMAT AND STYLE
All papers must include Author Contributions, including a statement as to who conducted the experiments (when it is applicable), Funding, and Conflicts of Interest.
Aging follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ uniform requirements for manuscripts. Please click here for the full text.
Manuscripts should be written in clear, grammatical English, typed double-spaced, and all pages must be numbered. Manuscripts that are not in Aging style or that are not in good idiomatic English may be returned to the author without review. Laboratory jargon as well as terminology and abbreviations not consistent with internationally accepted guidelines should be avoided.
Manuscripts should be arranged in the following order: title page, text and references, tables, legends for all tables and figures, figures. See below for a full explanation of what is to be included in these sections. When submitting manuscripts that include Supplementary Data, please be sure to upload supplemental files separately, in the appropriate area of the submission form. Please do not append supplemental files to the main manuscript file. Numbered and lettered sections in the text should be avoided. Each table and illustration must be cited in order in the text. Simple chemical formulas or mathematical equations should be presented in a form that allows their reproduction in single horizontal lines of type; more complicated mathematical formulas or chemical structures difficult to set in type should be provided for reproduction in the form of line drawings, glossy photographs, or digital files.
Title Page
Title. Write a brief, informative title. Abbreviations should not be used in titles. It is important for literature retrieval to include in the title the key words that identify the nature of the subject matter, including, if applicable, the species on which the work is done.
Authors and affiliations. Authors are urged to include their full names, complete with first and middle names or initials. Academic degrees should not be included. Always include the mailing address, phone and fax number, and email address of the corresponding author. The names and locations of institutions and the laboratories or names and locations of companies should be given for all authors. If several institutions are listed on a manuscript, clearly indicate with which department and institution each author is affiliated using superscript numbers that correspond to each author's affiliation.
Running title. Not necessary.
Keywords. Provide 5 keywords identifying the subject of your article.
Other notes about the manuscript as a whole, including the total number of figures and tables.
Abstract
The abstract should be concise, yet outline the content of the manuscript (see the specifications for each type of article for abstract length). Because these abstracts are used by secondary services (e.g., Chemical Abstracts, Scopus), they should recapitulate in abbreviated form the purpose of the study and the experimental technique, results, and data interpretations. Data such as the number of test subjects and controls, strains of animals or viruses, drug dosages and routes of administration, tumor yields and latent periods, length of observation period, and magnitude of activity should be included. Vague, general statements such as "The significance of the results is discussed," or "Some physical properties were studied," should be avoided. All important terms relevant to the content of the manuscript should be incorporated into the abstract to assist indexers and searchers. Abbreviations should be kept to an absolute minimum; however, if they are needed, they must be defined at first mention within the abstract so the abstract can be understood as an independent unit from the text. Do not cite references in the abstract.
Introduction
It is not necessary to cite all of the background literature in the Introduction. Brief reference to the most pertinent articles generally suffices to acquaint the reader with the findings of others in the field and with the problem or question that the investigation addresses.
Results
Include a concise summary of the data presented in tables and illustrations. Excessive elaboration of data already given in tables and illustrations should be avoided. With the exception of Cancer Discovery, the Results and Discussion sections should be combined if, by so doing, space is saved or the logical sequence of the material is improved.
Discussion
The data should be interpreted concisely without repeating material already presented in the Results section. Speculation is permissible, but it must be well founded, and discussion of the wider implications of the findings is encouraged.
Materials and Methods
Explanation of the experimental methods should be brief but adequate for repetition by qualified investigators. Procedures that have been described in earlier publications should not be described in detail, but merely cited with appropriate references. Only new and significant modifications of previously published procedures need complete exposition. The sources of special chemicals or preparations used should be provided. Any commercial products that are mentioned should include the name of the manufacturer, and, ideally, catalog numbers.
Aging endorses the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki and expects that all investigations involving humans will have been performed in accordance with these principles. In particular, manuscripts reporting human experimentation must include a statement that the human investigations were performed after approval by an institutional review board and in accordance with an assurance filed with and approved by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, where appropriate. Manuscripts reporting biomedical research involving human subjects also must include a statement that informed consent was obtained from each subject or subject's guardian.
Aging supports the most humane treatment of animals in the conduct of scientific studies, and it is expected that investigators will adhere to widely accepted national standards such as the following:
The U.S. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, available from the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, RKLI, Suite 360, MSC 7982, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892–7982.
The United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Prevention Research's Guidelines for the Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia (published online 25 May 2010).
Only results (particularly photographic presentation of experimental data) in which proper attention has been given to ethical considerations toward animals will be published, and Aging reserves the right to reject manuscripts that do not follow accepted standards.
Abbreviations
Provide definitions for any abbreviated terms at first use in the text.
Author Contributions
Enter contributions of individual authors to the final article. This section should accurately describe each author’s contributions, and all authors should have reviewed and agreed to this information before submission.
Acknowledgments
Include in this section the names of others contributing to the work who are not identified as authors. The Corresponding Author should obtain written permission to refer to those mentioned in the Acknowledgments section.
Conflicts of Interest
Disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
Funding
Provide information about financial support, including the source and number of grants, for each author. If funding was not available for the research submitted to the journal, this section could be skipped.
References
The list of references should be numbered consecutively according to the first time mentioned within the article. The reference list should be limited to only those citations essential to the presentation. Before submission of the manuscript, authors should verify the accuracy of all references and check that all references have been cited in the text.
Cite only the number assigned to the reference. Use [ ] not ( ). For example: "according to Campisi [1]". References should include only articles that are published or in press. Unpublished data, submitted manuscripts, abstracts, and personal communications should be cited within the text only. Personal communication should be documented by a letter of permission.
Authors are strongly encouraged to use an automated reference manager such as Clarivate Analytics EndNote, Zotero, or Mendeley. Follow the links to download output styles for Aging.
Papers (Except Editorials):
Please use the following style for references in all types of papers except Editorials:
1) Article in a periodical (strictly, no variation is allowed):
1. Bhaumik D, Scott GK, Schokrpur S, Patil CK, Orjalo AV, Rodier F, Lithgow GJ, and Campisi J. MicroRNAs miR-146a/b negatively modulate the senescence-associated inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8. Aging (Albany NY). 2009; 1:402-411.
Note: "et al." should only be used after 13 authors.
2) Article in a books and book chapters: any Style is acceptable.
3) Article in press: Articles in press may be listed among the references provided a journal name and tentative year of publication can be verified.
Editorials:
Please use a special reference format: 1 author et al, no titles.
1. de Keizer PL, et al. Aging (Albany NY). 2010; 2: 377-79. doi: 10.18632/aging.100178.
Addenda
Data acquired after acceptance of the manuscript, by the authors themselves or by others, cannot be added to the text. Such addenda are subject to approval by the Editor-in-Chief and could result in delay of publication. Addenda should be kept extremely brief.
Tables
Tabular material should not duplicate data already presented in detail in the text. A table should compare values. If you are putting data in a table, summarize the data in the text and provide a citation for it. Unnecessary columns of data that can easily be derived from other data in the table should not be included. Large groups of individual values should be avoided; instead, these should be averaged and an appropriate designation of the dispersion, such as standard deviation or standard error, should be included. Tables should not be included as part of a figure. Legends should be short and to the point and should generally not include references. Authors are discouraged from submitting tables that have been previously published, even with permission.
Authors are obligated to indicate the significance of their observations by appropriate statistical analysis.
Every table must have a descriptive title and enough explanatory information so the reader can understand the data without reference to the text. Each column must carry an appropriate heading and, if measurements are given, the units should be given with the column heading. Number tables using Arabic numerals; table footnotes should be indicated with lower-case alphabetical letters: a, b, c, etc. Include a note after the footnotes in which all abbreviations used in the table that have not been used in the text are explained. Complex or large tables should be uploaded as Supplementary Data.
Figures
Types of figures include line drawings, graphs, and halftone illustrations, such as photographs, photomicrographs, or electrophoretic patterns. Figures should be used when salient points need illustration for better comprehension by the reader. Figures must be cited and numbered in the order in which they appear in the text. Figures should be original. Authors are discouraged from submitting figures that have been previously published, even with permission. If use of a previously published figure is necessary, the author must apply for written permission from the copyright holder and supply confirmation of the granted permission before publication.
Please note that figures should be submitted in their final format. If you do not intend for your figure(s) to appear in color in the journal should your manuscript be accepted for publication, please submit a black and white version. This makes it possible for the Editors and reviewers to make an informed evaluation of your work.
All figures must have legends that briefly describe the data shown; details given in the text of the manuscript should not be repeated. Legends should be short and to the point and should generally not include references. Please note that all figure legends should be listed together in one section (Figure Legends) directly preceding the appearance of the figures in the manuscript. Ensure that both legends and figures are numbered and match up appropriately. Stains and original magnifications should be listed where applicable. Each legend should adequately identify all parts, symbols, abbreviations, mathematical expressions, abscissas, ordinates, units, and reference points on the figure. Abbreviations explained in the text of the article need not be redefined in the figure legend.
When graphs are reduced to the size of a single column (7.9375 cm / 3.125 in), the text in the graph must be no smaller than 6 point type and no larger than 12 point type, and all symbols must be discernible. Avoid use of very thin, broken, or dotted lines.
Figure symbols should be defined in the legend. Only those common symbols for which the printer has type should be used. Lines connecting the symbols should not extend beyond the data points. In the published form, the minimum thickness of lines (rules) used to present drawn art is 0.5 point. If a drawn image will be reduced in size for publication, the lines used to draw the original art must be thick enough to be reduced and still meet the minimum requirement. Lines thinner than 0.5 point thickness may be completely lost if an image is reduced in size.
Graphs should be ruled off close to the area occupied by the curve, and abscissas and ordinates should be clearly marked with appropriate units. Explanations of the coordinates should not extend beyond the respective lines. Do not box-in graphs with top and right-hand frame lines unless these are essential for reference. Titles printed outside the confines of the drawing waste space; all of this information should be included in the legend. Also, to conserve space those curves that may appropriately appear together should be included in a single graph.
Halftones that must appear together for comparison should be grouped under one figure number with each section given sequential letters (A, B, C) in the upper left-hand corner on the face of the illustration. Composite figures may be mounted on a plate, with the sections abutted together and tooling (thin lines) placed between the parts of the figure. For optimal reproduction, the contrast among photographs on a plate should be consistent. The overall dimensions of photographs on a plate should not exceed 18.41 cm x 22.86 cm / 7.25 in x 9 in.
Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background so as to be clearly visible. Internal scale markers should be included on the photographs themselves or the original magnification should be given in the legend because it may be necessary to reduce the figures
Supplementary Data
General Guidelines
Supplementary data should provide additional substantive material, but the article must stand on its own merits and be complete and self-explanatory without them. Additional text, including results or discussions related to the article, is not acceptable; these should be included in the article itself.
Supplementary data should fall within the conceptual scope of the main paper but not extend beyond it. Preliminary data that simply extend the scope of the study and unnecessary control data should not be included.
Supplementary data are not essential to understanding the conclusions of the paper, but are additional or complementary and directly relevant to the article content.
Supplementary material should not repeat what is already included in the main article.
Data that have been previously published are not acceptable.
Supplementary material may also be that which cannot be included in the main version of the paper due to space constraints (e.g., limits placed on the number of figures and tables allowed in an article) or format restrictions.
Within the above guidelines, supplementary files may include the following:
Figures (TIFF (preferable), JPG, or PNG format)
More detailed desciptions of materials and methods than can be included in the body of the article, but the main text should contain sufficient methodology for an experienced investigator to replicate the experiments
Tables (editable Word or Excel format)
Electronic multimedia files (e.g., animations, videos, audios)
Database information
Three-dimensional structures/images, sequence alignments, and data sets that are very large, such as those obtained with microarray hybridization experiments
TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS
Use the approved terms and abbreviations for chemical substances recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Designations for mouse strains should conform to the Rules and Guidelines for Genetic Nomenclature in Mice, from the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice.
Generic names of drugs are preferred, with the brand name included at first mention only to identify new compounds that may not be recognized by their generic name. If a non-U.S. proprietary name is used, the name of the comparable U.S. product should be given. When there is no generic name for a drug, authors should give the chemical name or formula or a description of the active ingredients. Authors should refer to the formally adopted generic names listed in the current edition of USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names.
Abbreviations are generally a hindrance to readers in fields other than that of the author(s), to abstractors, and to scientists whose primary language is not English. Authors should limit their use. Standard Abbreviations are defined as those that may be used without explanation (e.g., DNA). Single words should not be abbreviated—for example, melanoma and folate, vincristine, nor should abbreviations be used for individual types of cancer or other diseases that consist of 2 words, such as prostate cancer or breast cancer. Abbreviations should not be used in titles.
Publication Fees
To provide open access, Aging uses a business model in which expenses - including those for a thorough peer review process, journal production, legal costs, protection of the journal, promotion of publications, dissemination of publications, news, visibility, media and social media, checking for plagiarism and data manipulation, maintaining the integrity of the journal, ethical policies, online hosting and archiving, and much more — are recovered by charging a journal-specific publication fee to the authors or research sponsors for each article they publish.
Updated on 10/13/2020: A publication fee of $3,850 (USD) applies to Research Papers (including brief Letters), Research Perspectives, Reviews, Theory/Hypothesis and Case Reports. There are no additional charges based on color, length, figures, or other elements.
Discretionary Discounts may be available on a case-by-case basis, see below for further information.
There is no fee for Editorials, invited Research Perspectives, or News.
We also offer publication fee discounts for papers whose corresponding authors are based in HINARI countries (the world's lowest income countries as defined by the World Bank).
Discretionary discounts will be considered on a case-by-case basis, and may be granted in cases of financial need. All applications for discretionary discounts should be made prior to, or at the point of manuscript submission; requests made after acceptance or during the review process will not be considered. Authors supported by the Libraries’ Fund for Open Access Journals will receive a partial discount.
To request a discount please contact Andrew Scuderi at [email protected]. Please do not include requests for financial support in cover letters.
Refund Policy
Papers cannot be withdrawn after publishing in the public domain, online.
Due to the significant cost of peer review administration, manuscript production, and indexing, publication fee cannot be refunded after the manuscript is published in the public domain, online, Advance Publications. Please note that no refund or credit will be issued for any of the following:
Manuscript retraction
Editorial decisions
Changes introduced by the authors
Circumstances beyond our direct control
To request a refund or credit, please contact us at [email protected]
Free Post-Publication Promotion Services
For additional support and to increase visibility for papers published in Aging, our in-house digital team will create and promote original content based on your Aging paper.
Our team uses multimedia and multichannel strategies to increase exposure for our authors. Below are a few promotional campaigns your paper may be included in:
“Paper of the Day”
“Paper Spotlight”
“Behind the Study”
“Trending With Impact”
“Top 10 Papers of the Year”
“Interviews With Outstanding Authors”
The above promotional campaigns comprise a number of in-house created original content pieces, including:
Abstract-based press releases
In-depth blogs
Video interviews with outstanding authors
Transcripts of video interviews with outstanding authors
Audio recordings of press releases, blogs and interviews
Abstract-based video shorts
Quote-based graphic images
Social posts
Website pages
The above content spans across a number of different websites and social media platforms, including:
EurekAlert, and other third-party press coverage
Spotify, and anywhere quality podcasts are downloaded
For all media and post-publication inquiries, please contact [email protected].