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Ndzulamiso kusukela hi 22:30, 1 Mudyaxihi 2023

Axiya

Vundhzawu	44,579,000km²
Ntsengo wa vanhu	4 342 255 000 (2014)
Ntlimbano	99/km² (260/sq mi)
Matiko
Swihlalana
Tindzimi	Tindzimi ta Axiya na tinwana

Axiya, i tiko-nkulu leri kulukumba emisaveni naswona leri ngana vanhu votala kutlula matiko-nkulu hinkwawo ya misava. Tiko-nkulu leri ri kumeka e n'walungu na dzonga ramisava. Axiya yi hlanganisa 44,579,000 wati skwe-khilomitara hi ku anama, naswona ri ringana ntsengo wa 30% ya misava hiku angarha. Ritiveka tani hi kaya ra vanhu vanhluvuko wo sungula wa misava naswona ritshamela kuva nanhlayo wa vanhu lavo tala himpfuka ka ku sungula ka nkarhi^[1] rithlela riva xihlovo xa minhluvuko ya vanhu.

Hiku angarhela, Axiya yi rhendzeriwe evuxeni hi lwandle ra Phasifiki, edzongeni hi lwandle ra Indiya, na le n'walungu hi lwandle ra Arkthiki. Ndzelakano wale vupela dyambu na Yuropa iwa matimu na ndzhavuko ntsena hikuva akuna lexi hambanisaka matikonkulu lawa hixiviri. Ndzelakano lowu amukeriwaka hivanhu votala wa matiko-nkulu lawa hilowu hoxaka Axiya evuxeni bya ndlela ya mati yale Suez, nambu wa Urali, tintshava ta Urali, na le dzongeni bya tintshava ta Khawukhasa na lwandle ra Khaspiani na lwandle ra ntima.^[2]

Chayina na Indiya amaphikizana ekuveni matiko lama ngana ikhonomi leyi kulu emisaveni exikarhi ka malembe ya 1 kuya eka 1800 CE. Chayina akuri tiko leringana matimba ya ikhonomi nkarhi wo leha naswona yi kokele votala ku ya evuxeni,^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] ku yakuma vufuwi na kuhumelela ka ndzhavuko wa khale ka Indiya ,^[7] naswona byi kokela mabindzu ya Yuropa, kuvalanga ndzhawu na vukolonyi. Kutsunmburiwa ka Amerikha hi Kholumbasi ari karhi a lava Indiya, swi hlamusela ndlela leyi Vayuropa ava navela vufuwi bya le Axiya hayona. Gondzo ra Voya bya Silk, rive ndlela leyi tirhisiweke hi ta mabindzu kusuka e Yuropa kuya e Axiya, kasi ntila wa mati wa Malaka wuve ntila wa tamabindzu hi ku tirhisa lwandle. Axiya yi kombile kukula eka ta ikhonomi, naswona ku andza ka vanhu varona hi lembe xidzana ra vu 20, swi pfunile tamabindzu ya tiko-nkulu leri, hambi leswi ntsengo wa vaaka tiko va rona wusunguleke ku hunguteka.^[8] Axiya yive nstindza wa vukhongeri byo tala bya misava ku hlanganisa na Vukreste, Vusurumani, Vuyuda, Vuhindu, Vubhudha, Vukhonfusiyani, Vutawo, Vujayini, Vusikhi, Vuzorowastrani, na byin'wana vukhongeri.

Mintshaho

↑ "The World at Six Billion". UN Population Division. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. , Table 2
↑ National Geographic Atlas of the World (7th ed.). Washington, DC: National Geographic. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7922-7528-2. "Europe" (pp. 68–9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."
↑ "Professor M.D. Nalapat. Ensuring China's "Peaceful Rise". Accessed January 22, 2016.". Archived from the original on 10 January 2010.
↑ "Dahlman, Carl J; Aubert, Jean-Eric. China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. WBI Development Studies. World Bank Publications. Accessed January 22, 2016.".
↑ "The Real Great Leap Forward. The Economist. Sept 30, 2004". The Economist. Archived from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2017-08-07.
↑ "Chris Patten. Financial Times. Comment & Analysis: Why Europe is getting China so wrong. Accessed January 22, 2016.". Archived from the original on March 5, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
↑ http://www.indianscience.org/essays/22-%20E--Gems%20&%20Minerals%20F.pdf
↑ "Like herrings in a barrel". The Economist (The Economist online, The Economist Group) (Millennium issue: Population). 23 December 1999. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2017. .

[1] "The World at Six Billion". UN Population Division. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. , Table 2

[ReferenceA-2] National Geographic Atlas of the World (7th ed.). Washington, DC: National Geographic. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7922-7528-2. "Europe" (pp. 68–9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."

[3] "Professor M.D. Nalapat. Ensuring China's "Peaceful Rise". Accessed January 22, 2016.". Archived from the original on 10 January 2010.

[4] "Dahlman, Carl J; Aubert, Jean-Eric. China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. WBI Development Studies. World Bank Publications. Accessed January 22, 2016.".

[5] "The Real Great Leap Forward. The Economist. Sept 30, 2004". The Economist. Archived from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2017-08-07.

[6] "Chris Patten. Financial Times. Comment & Analysis: Why Europe is getting China so wrong. Accessed January 22, 2016.". Archived from the original on March 5, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2017.

[7] ttps://www.indianscience.org/essays/22-%20E--Gems%20&%20Minerals%20F.pdf

[8] "Like herrings in a barrel". The Economist (The Economist online, The Economist Group) (Millennium issue: Population). 23 December 1999. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2017. .

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