Wanuba
Kuhusu eneo katika kaskazini ya Sudan, tazama Nubia
Wanuba ni makabila mbalimbali ya watu ambao wanaishi katika Milima ya Nuba kwenye jimbo la Kordofan Kusini nchini Sudan, karibu na mpaka wa Sudan Kusini. Wanuba wanajumuisha watu tofautitofauti wanaozungumza lugha tofauti. Makadirio ya idadi ya watu wanaoitwa Wanuba yanatofautiana sana; serikali ya Sudan ilikadiria kuwa walifikia milioni 2.07 mwaka wa 2003. [1]
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Jina "Wanuba" lisichanganywe na "Wanubia" wa kaskazini mwa Sudan na kusini mwa Misri. [2]
Takriban asilimia 90 ya wakazi wa eneo la Milima ya Nuba ni Waafrika Weusi ambao ni wakulima wanaofuga pia. Watu wa Nuba wanaishi katika mojawapo ya maeneo ya mbali na yasiyofikika ya Sudan, chini ya Milima ya Nuba kwenye kusini ya Sudan. Eneo hilo la milima lilikuwa mahali pa kimbilio, likipokea watu wa lugha na malezi mbalimbali waliokuwa wakikimbia serikali dhalimu na wafanyabiashara ya utumwa. Idadi ya makabila ni takriban 50 wenye lugha zao zinazojumuishwa katika makundi 10 ya lugha. Asilimia 10 ya wakazi wa eneo ni wafugaji Waarabu wanaoitwa Wabaggara, pamoja na wafanyabiashara wachache Waarabu.
Wanuba wengi huzungumza pia Kiarabu cha Sudan, lugha ya kawaida ya Sudan.
Dini kuu ya Wanuba ni Uislamu, ila baadhi yao ni Wakristo, na dini za jadi zina wafuasi pia. [3]
Vita katika Milima ya Nuba
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Wakati wa vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Sudan na kabla ya ugawaji wa nchi, vikosi vya SPLA vilipigania katika Milima ya Nuba. Katika mapatano ya amani ya mwaka 2005, maeneo ya Kordofan Kusini (pamoja na Milima ya Nuba), Abyei na Nile Buluu yalibaki kwa muda kama sehemu za Sudan kura ya wakazi zilizotakiwa kutekelezwa hadi mwaka 2011 lakini kutokana na siasa ya Sudan hadi leo hazikufanywa.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ South Kordofan
- ↑ Winter, Roger (2000), Spaulding, Jay (mhr.), "The Nuba People: Confronting Cultural Liquidation", White Nile Black Blood: War, Leadership, and Ethnicity from Khartoum to Kampala, Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press, ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2000-04-09
- ↑ "Sudan: Nuba". Miniority Rights Group. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2021-12-11. Iliwekwa mnamo 2021-12-11.
Some traditional religions survive but most Nuba have been converted to Islam or Christianity.
Kujisomea zaidi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Op 't Ende, Nanne (2007). Proud to be Nuba: Faces and Voices : Stories of a Long Struggle (kwa Kiingereza). Code X Publishing. ISBN 978-90-78233-02-2.
- Salih, Mohamed (1999). Environmental Politics and Liberation in Contemporary Africa. Environment & Policy (kwa Kiingereza). Juz. la 18. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9165-2. ISBN 978-0-7923-5652-3.
- Seligmann, Brenda Z. (1910). "Note on the language of the Nubas of Southern Kordofan". Zeitschrift fur Kolonialsprachen. 1. D. Reimer: 167–88.
- Stevenson, R. C. (1963). "Some Aspects of the Spread of Islam in the Nuba Mountains". Sudan Notes and Records. 44: 9–20. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 41716839.
- Stevenson, RC, Vivumishi katika Nyimang offprint, kama hapo juu
- Stevenson, R. C. (1962). "Linguistic Research in the Nuba Mountains - I". Sudan Notes and Records. 43: 118–130. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 41716826.
- Stevenson, R. C. (1964). "Linguistic Research in the Nuba Mountains - II". Sudan Notes and Records. 45: 79–102. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 41716860.
- Stevenson, R. C. (1940). "The Nyamang of the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan". Sudan Notes and Records. 23 (1): 75–98. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 41716394.
- Stevenson, R. C. (1984). The Nuba people of Kordofan Province: an ethnographic survey. Khartoum, Sudan: Graduate College, University of Khartoum. ISBN 978-0-86372-020-8.978-0-86372-020-8
- Samuel, Totten (2012). Genocide by Attrition : The Nuba Mountains of Sudan. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203790861. ISBN 978-0-203-79086-1.978-0-203-79086-1
- Totten, Samuel; Grzyb, Amanda F., whr. (2015). Conflict in the Nuba Mountains : From Genocide-by-Attrition to the Contemporary Crisis in Sudan. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203755877. ISBN 9781135015350.9781135015350
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- "Tomo križnar in Sudan" (kwa Kiingereza). - A Slovenian peace activist in Sudan, helping the Nuba peoples
- "Nuba Survival". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2019-01-24. Nuba indigenous rights organization
- Winter, Roger (2000). "The Nuba and their Homeland".
- "Nuba Languages". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 1999-01-28.
- "Nuba Culture". nubasurvival.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2004-12-05.
- The Nuba Mountains Homepage
- The Linguistic Settlement of the Nuba Mountains Archived 27 Aprili 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
- Nuba People by Fr. Yousif William Archived 24 Juni 2019 at the Wayback Machine.
- Full documentary about the sufferings of the Nuba