Manchani
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/The_romance_of_the_ship%3B_the_story_of_her_origin_and_evolution_%281911%29_%2814775862471%29.jpg/300px-The_romance_of_the_ship%3B_the_story_of_her_origin_and_evolution_%281911%29_%2814775862471%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Whip_handle_of_Nebiry_MET_30-4-19_detail.jpg/220px-Whip_handle_of_Nebiry_MET_30-4-19_detail.jpg)
Manchani (kwa Kiing. galley) ni aina ya meli. Ziliendeshwa hasa kwa makasia, lakini zilitumia pia tanga kama nyongeza. Hivyo hazikutegemea upepo wala mikondo ya bahari.
Manchani zilibuniwa katika Bahari ya Mediteranea na mifano ya zamani zaidi inajulikana tangu enzi za Misri ya Kale[1]. Kuna pia mifano kutoka Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki lakini hakuna uhakika kama zimeingizwa kutoka Mediteranea au la.
Ziliendelea kutumiwa hadi karne ya 19 kwa meli za biashara na manowari. Lakini tangu karne ya 17 jahazi, yaani meli zilizoendeshwa na tanga tu, ziliboreshwa na kuchukua nafasi za manchani.
Manchani kubwa, na hasa zile za kijeshi, zilihitaji idadi kubwa ya wapiga kasia. Tangu zama za kale watu hao walikuwa mara nyingi watumwa; baadaye pia watu waliohukumiwa kwa makosa ya jinai na adhabu ya kuwa mpiga kasia kwenye manchani ilikuwa katika ya adhabu kali zaidi ikamaanisha mara nyingi kifo kutokana na uzito wa kazi.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Grant, R.G.; Battle at sea : 3,000 years of naval warfare, New York 2011 ISBN 9780756671860
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- "Galley". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
- John F. Guilmartin, "The Tactics of the Battle of Lepanto Clarified: The Impact of Social, Economic, and Political Factors on Sixteenth Century Galley Warfare". A very detailed discussion of galley warfare at the Battle of Lepanto
- Rafael Rebolo Gómez – "The Carthaginian navy"., 2005, Treballs del Museu Arqueologic d'Eivissa e Formentera. (Kihispania)
- "Some Engineering Concepts applied to Ancient Greek Trireme Warships", John Coates, University of Oxford, The 18th Jenkin Lecture, 1 October 2005.