Kimelea
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Kimelea (pia: kidusia[1]; kwa Kiingereza parasite) ni kiumbehai ambaye anaishi ndani au juu ya kiumbehai mwingine wa spishi tofauti na kupata virutubishi kutokana na mwili wa kiumbe huyo, ambaye kwa kawaida ni mkubwa zaidi, bila kumpa kiumbe mwenyeji faida yoyote. Kinyume chake, mara nyingi analeta hasara au kusababisha ugonjwa.
Vimelea vingi ni vidogo sana vikiishi ndani ya wanyama au binadamu.
Aina za vimelea
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Vimelea vingine ni vikubwa kiasi cha kuonekana kwa jicho:
- minyoo inayoishi ndani ya utumbo kama mategu na nematodi nyingine
- chawa na viroboto vinavyokaa juu ya ngozi na kunyonya damu
Vimelea vingine ni vidogo mno, vinaonekana kwa hadubini tu:
- bakteria na protozoa nyingine, kwa mfano plasmodia zinazosababisha homa ya malaria
- lava za minyoo kama schistosoma zinazosababisha kichocho baada ya kukua na kuwa minyoo wazima
Vimelea kati ya mimea na wanyama
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Kuna pia wanyama wakubwa zaidi wanaotumia mbinu za kimelea kwa mfano ndege kama vile kekeo, fumbwe au kinili wanaotega mayai katika matego ya spishi nyingine.
Kuna mimea inayopata lishe kwa kutumia moja kwa moja majimaji ya mimea mingine na aina kadhaa kati ya hizi zinaendelea bila kutumia usanisinuru kabisa.
Vimelea na wenyeji wao
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Vimelea mara nyingi hudhoofisha viumbehai wenyeji wao vinamoishi na vinaweza kusababisha magonjwa; kwa kawaida haviwaui mara moja, maana kimelea kinachomwua mwenyeji wake kitakosa mahali pa kuishi.
Vimelea vingi vinahitaji mazingira ya mwili wa spishi fulani vikiweza kuishi hapo tu.
Vimelea nje ya mwili wa mwenyeji
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Vimelea hawa ni kama chawa, kunguni na kupe ambao huishi nje ya mwili wa mwenyeji (ecto-parasites) na hufyonya damu na kutaga mayai juu yake. Huenda wakasambaa kutoka kwa mtu mmoja hadi mwingine. Wao hungojea mwenyeji aje karibu nao ambapo wanamnata na kuanza kumtegemea kwa lishe na pia kwa pahala pa kuzalisha.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Kidusia ni pendekezo la KAST kutokana na kitenzi "kudusa, kudusia"; Kimelea ni matumizi ya kamusi nyingine za TATAKI kutokana na "kumea, kumelea"
Kujisomea
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Zimmer, Carl (2001). Parasite Rex. Free Press. uk. 320. ISBN 0-7432-0011-X.
- Combes, Claude (2005). The Art of Being a Parasite. The University of Chicago Press. ku. 280. ISBN 0-226-11438-4.
- Desowitz, Robert (1998). Who Gave Pinta to the Santa Maria?. Harvest Books. ku. 264. ISBN 0-15-600585-9.
- Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., Mõtus, M.-A. and Toom, U. (2014). "The earliest bryozoan parasite: Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of Osmussaar Island, Estonia". Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 414: 129–132. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.021. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-01-09.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., and Toom, U. (2014). "Earliest rhynchonelliform brachiopod parasite from the Late Ordovician of northern Estonia (Baltica)". Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 411: 42–45. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.028. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-01-09.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Parasitism Archived 18 Januari 2012 at the Wayback Machine.—Knol
- Toxoplasmosis
- Parasitology Parasites Zoonoses Archived 28 Agosti 2017 at the Wayback Machine.—(Polish/English) over 50 movies (Filmoteka) and over 250 photos (Fotogaleria/Photogallery) with human and animal parasites.
- Aberystwyth University: Parasitology Archived 1 Agosti 2011 at the Wayback Machine.—class outline with links to full text articles on parasitism and parasitology.
- KSU: Parasitology Research—parasitology articles and links.
- Medical Parasitology—online textbook.
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- VCU Virtual Parasite Project—Virtual Parasite Project at Virginia Commonwealth University's Center for the Study of Biological Complexity
- Parasites World Archived 3 Agosti 2019 at the Wayback Machine.—Parasites articles and links.
- Parasitic and Parasitoid Alien Species in Science Fiction Movies
- Toxoplasma gondii in the Subarctic and Arctic
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Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya biolojia bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Kimelea kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |