Turkménistan: Béda antarrépisi
anyar |
Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 |
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(38 révisi antara karya leuwih ti 20 pamaké teu ditémbongkeun) | |||
Baris ka-37: | Baris ka-37: | ||
|sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdékaan]] |
|sovereignty_type = [[Kamerdékaan]] |
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|established_events = - Ti [[Uni Soviét]] |
|established_events = - Ti [[Uni Soviét]] |
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|established_dates = <br/>[[27 Oktober]] [[1991]] |
|established_dates = <br />[[27 Oktober]] [[1991]] |
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|currency = [[Manat Turkménistan|Manat]] |
|currency = [[Manat Turkménistan|Manat]] |
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|currency_code = TMM |
|currency_code = TMM |
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Baris ka-48: | Baris ka-48: | ||
|footnotes= |
|footnotes= |
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}} |
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'''Républik Turkménistan''' ([[Basa Turkmén]]:'''Türkmenistan Respublikasy'''), diwanoh ogé sabagé '''Turkménia''' ([[Basa Rusia]]: Туркмения) nyaéta hiji nagara anu aya di wewengkon [[Asia Tengah]], [[Asia]]. Nepi ka |
'''Républik Turkménistan''' ([[Basa Turkmén]]:'''Türkmenistan Respublikasy'''), diwanoh ogé sabagé '''Turkménia''' ([[Basa Rusia]]: Туркмения) nyaéta hiji nagara anu aya di wewengkon [[Asia Tengah]], [[Asia]]. Nepi ka taun 1990, Turkménistan tetep kagabung dina konstitusi [[Uni Soviét]], nu namina [[Républik Sosialis Soviét Turkménistan]]. Turkménistan tepung wates jeung [[Iran]] di kidul, [[Apganistan]] di kidul-wétan, [[Uzbékistan]] di kalér, [[Kazakhstan]] di kalér-kulon, jeung [[Laut Kaspia]] di kulon. Wewengkonna kalobaannana mangrupa sagara keusik Karakum. Nagara ieu miboga cadangan [[gas alam]] panglobana kalima di dunya. |
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Nepi ka danget ieu, Turkménistan ngagunakeun sistem politik hiji partai. Sistem ieu katempo teu minuhan prinsip-prinsip dasar [[démokrasi]].<ref>Freedom House: Freedom in the world, country report on Turkmenistan http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7723</ref>. Ti mimiti kamerdékaanna ti Uni Soviét, Turkménistan dipingpin ku [[Saparmurat Niyazov|Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov]]. Dina 21 Désémber 2006, anjeunna maot, jeung digentosan ku [[Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov|Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýeviç Berdimuhammedow]] nu ditunjuk ku Déwan Kaamanan Nagara Turkménistan, liwat pamilihan umum dina 11 Fébruari 2007. |
Nepi ka danget ieu, Turkménistan ngagunakeun sistem politik hiji partai. Sistem ieu katempo teu minuhan prinsip-prinsip dasar [[démokrasi]].<ref>Freedom House: Freedom in the world, country report on Turkmenistan http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7723 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023194732/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7723 |date=2011-10-23 }}</ref>. Ti mimiti kamerdékaanna ti Uni Soviét, Turkménistan dipingpin ku [[Saparmurat Niyazov|Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov]]. Dina 21 Désémber 2006, anjeunna maot, jeung digentosan ku [[Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov|Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýeviç Berdimuhammedow]] nu ditunjuk ku Déwan Kaamanan Nagara Turkménistan, liwat pamilihan umum dina 11 Fébruari 2007. |
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== Pambagian Wewengkon == |
== Pambagian Wewengkon == |
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Turkménistan dibagi ka lima propinsi atawa ''welayatlar'' (tunggal ''welayat'') jeung hiji wewengkon ibukota. Masing-masing ''welayat'' dibagi ka sababaraha ''etraplar'' (tunggal ''etrap''). |
Turkménistan dibagi ka lima propinsi atawa ''welayatlar'' (tunggal ''welayat'') jeung hiji wewengkon ibukota. Masing-masing ''welayat'' dibagi ka sababaraha ''etraplar'' (tunggal ''etrap''). |
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[[ |
[[Gambar:TurkmenistanNumbered.png|thumb|210px|right|Daptar propinsi di Turkménistan]] |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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Baris ka-79: | Baris ka-79: | ||
| TM-M || [[Mary, Turkménistan|Mary]] ||{{convert|87150|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} || 1,480,400 || 5 |
| TM-M || [[Mary, Turkménistan|Mary]] ||{{convert|87150|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} || 1,480,400 || 5 |
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== Basa == |
== Basa == |
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[[Basa Turkmén]] |
[[Basa Turkmén]] mangrupa basa resmi di Turkménistan, sanajan tetep loba populasinya nu ngagunakeun basa [[Basa Rusia|Rusia]] keur komunikasi antarétnis. Kira-kira 72% populasina ngagunakeun basa Turkmén, 12% ngagunakeun basa Rusia, 9% ngagunakeun basa [[Basa Uzbék|Uzbék]], jeung 7% ngagunakeun basa nu séjén. |
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== Warisan == |
== Warisan == |
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Baris ka-96: | Baris ka-95: | ||
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | '''Tipe''' |
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | '''Tipe''' |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=center|[[ |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=center|[[Gambar:Cyark merv 3.jpg|80px]] |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|'''[[Merv|Merv Kuna]]''' |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|'''[[Merv|Merv Kuna]]''' |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|[[Mary]] |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|[[Mary]] |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|[[Dayeuh]]-[[Oase]] utama di [[Asia Tengah]], dina waktos [[Jalur Sutra]] |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|[[Dayeuh]]-[[Oase]] utama di [[Asia Tengah]], dina waktos [[Jalur Sutra]] |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=center|1995 |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=center|1995 |
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| style="background:#efefef;" | Budaya<ref>UNESCO. ''[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/886 Ancient Merv State Historical and Cultural Park.]''</ref> |
| style="background:#efefef;" | Budaya<ref>UNESCO. ''[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/886 Ancient Merv State Historical and Cultural Park.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705131603/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/886 |date=2017-07-05 }}''</ref> |
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| align=center|[[ |
| align=center|[[Gambar:KonyeUrgenchMinaret.jpg|80px]] |
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| align=left| '''[[Köneürgenç]]''' |
| align=left| '''[[Köneürgenç]]''' |
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| align=left|[[Köneürgenç]] |
| align=left|[[Köneürgenç]] |
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| align=left|Runtuhan ibukota [[Khwarezmia]] dina abad ka-12 |
| align=left|Runtuhan ibukota [[Khwarezmia]] dina abad ka-12 |
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| align=center|2005 |
| align=center|2005 |
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| align=center|Budaya<ref>UNESCO. ''[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1199 Köneürgenç.]''</ref> |
| align=center|Budaya<ref>UNESCO. ''[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1199 Köneürgenç.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712215500/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1199 |date=2018-07-12 }}''</ref> |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=center| |
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Baris ka-115: | Baris ka-114: | ||
| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|Salah sahiji ibukota kahiji [[Kakaisaran Parthia]] |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=left|Salah sahiji ibukota kahiji [[Kakaisaran Parthia]] |
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| style="background:#efefef;" align=center|2007 |
| style="background:#efefef;" align=center|2007 |
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| style="background:#efefef;" | Budaya<ref>UNESCO. ''[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1242 Nisa Fortress.]''</ref> |
| style="background:#efefef;" | Budaya<ref>UNESCO. ''[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1242 Nisa Fortress.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705215551/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1242 |date=2017-07-05 }}''</ref> |
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==Tempo ogé== |
== Tempo ogé == |
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* [[Daptar nagara]] |
* [[Daptar nagara]] |
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==Catetan suku== |
== Catetan suku == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Tumbu luar== |
== Tumbu luar == |
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{{commons|Category:Turkmenistan}} |
{{commons|Category:Turkmenistan}} |
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{{ |
{{wikivoyage|Turkmenistan}} |
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* {{en}} [http://www.studyrussian.com/seidenstrasse/silkroad/Turkmenistan.htm Nagara Turkmenbashi] |
* {{en}} [http://www.studyrussian.com/seidenstrasse/silkroad/Turkmenistan.htm Nagara Turkmenbashi] |
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* {{en}} [http://www.chaihana.com/ Turkmenistan Chaihana] |
* {{en}} [http://www.chaihana.com/ Turkmenistan Chaihana] |
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{{Asia}} |
{{Asia}}<br /> |
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{{Nagara Kaspia}}<br /> |
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{{CIS}}<br /> |
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{{OKI}}<br /> |
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{{Non-Blok}} |
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{{geo-pondok}} |
{{geo-pondok}} |
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[[Kategori:Turkménistan]] |
[[Kategori:Turkménistan]] |
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[[ace:Turkmènistan]] |
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[[af:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[als:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[an:Turkmenistán]] |
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[[ang:Turcmenistan]] |
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[[ar:تركمانستان]] |
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[[arc:ܛܘܪܩܡܢܣܛܐܢ]] |
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[[arz:توركمينيستان]] |
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[[as:তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান]] |
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[[ast:Turkmenistán]] |
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[[az:Türkmənistan]] |
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[[bar:Tuakmenien]] |
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[[bat-smg:Torkmienėstans]] |
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[[bcl:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[be:Туркменістан]] |
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[[be-x-old:Туркмэністан]] |
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[[bg:Туркменистан]] |
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[[bn:তুর্কমেনিস্তান]] |
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[[bo:ཏུརཀ་མེ་ནི་སུཏན།]] |
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[[bpy:তুর্কমেনিস্তান]] |
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[[br:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[bs:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[bug:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ca:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ceb:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ckb:تورکمانستان]] |
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[[co:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[crh:Türkmenistan]] |
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[[cs:Turkmenistán]] |
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[[csb:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[cv:Туркмени]] |
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[[cy:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[da:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[de:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[diq:Tırkmenıstan]] |
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[[dsb:Turkmeńska]] |
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[[dv:ތުރުކުމެނިސްތާން]] |
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[[ee:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[el:Τουρκμενιστάν]] |
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[[en:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[eo:Turkmenio]] |
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[[es:Turkmenistán]] |
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[[et:Türkmenistan]] |
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[[eu:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ext:Turkmenistán]] |
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[[fa:ترکمنستان]] |
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[[fi:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[fiu-vro:Türkmenistan]] |
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[[fo:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[fr:Turkménistan]] |
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[[frp:Turcmènistan]] |
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[[fy:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ga:An Tuircméanastáin]] |
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[[gag:Türkmenistan]] |
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[[gd:Turcmanastàn]] |
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[[gl:Turcomenistán - Türkmenostan]] |
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[[gu:તુર્કમેનિસ્તાન]] |
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[[gv:Yn Turkmenistaan]] |
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[[hak:Thú-khû-man-sṳ̂-thán]] |
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[[he:טורקמניסטן]] |
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[[hi:तुर्कमेनिस्तान]] |
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[[hif:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[hr:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[hsb:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ht:Tirkmenistan]] |
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[[hu:Türkmenisztán]] |
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[[hy:Թուրքմենստան]] |
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[[ia:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[id:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ie:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ilo:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[io:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[is:Túrkmenistan]] |
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[[it:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ja:トルクメニスタン]] |
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[[jv:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ka:თურქმენეთი]] |
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[[kk:Түрікменстан]] |
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[[kn:ತುರ್ಕಮೆನಿಸ್ತಾನ್]] |
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[[ko:투르크메니스탄]] |
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[[ks:तुर्कमिनिस्थान]] |
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[[ku:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[kv:Туркменистан]] |
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[[kw:Pow Turkmen]] |
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[[ky:Түркмөнстан]] |
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[[la:Turcomannia]] |
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[[lad:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[li:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[lij:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[lmo:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[ln:Turkmenistáni]] |
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[[lt:Turkmėnija]] |
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[[lv:Turkmenistāna]] |
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[[mhr:Туркменистан]] |
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[[mk:Туркменистан]] |
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[[ml:തുർക്മെനിസ്ഥാൻ]] |
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[[mn:Туркменистан]] |
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[[mr:तुर्कमेनिस्तान]] |
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[[ms:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[mzn:ترکمنون]] |
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[[na:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[nah:Turcmenistan]] |
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[[nap:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[nds:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[nl:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[nn:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[no:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[nov:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[nv:Tʼóokmen Bikéyah]] |
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[[oc:Turcmenistan]] |
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[[os:Туркмени]] |
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[[pa:ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨਿਸਤਾਨ]] |
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[[pam:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[pih:Terkmenistaan]] |
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[[pl:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[pms:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[pnb:ترکمانستان]] |
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[[pt:Turquemenistão]] |
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[[qu:Turkminsuyu]] |
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[[ro:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[roa-rup:Turcmenistan]] |
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[[ru:Туркмения]] |
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[[rue:Туркменістан]] |
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[[rw:Turukimenisitani]] |
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[[sa:तुर्कमिनिस्थान]] |
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[[sah:Түркменистан]] |
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[[scn:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[sco:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[se:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[sh:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[simple:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[sk:Turkménsko]] |
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[[sl:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[so:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[sq:Turkmenia]] |
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[[sr:Туркменистан]] |
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[[ss:IThumekhi]] |
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[[sv:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[sw:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[szl:Turkmyńistan]] |
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[[ta:துருக்மெனிஸ்தான்]] |
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[[te:తుర్కమేనిస్తాన్]] |
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[[tg:Туркманистон]] |
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[[th:ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน]] |
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[[tk:Türkmenistan]] |
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[[tl:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[tr:Türkmenistan]] |
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[[tt:Төрекмәнстан]] |
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[[udm:Туркмения]] |
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[[ug:تۈركمەنىستان]] |
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[[uk:Туркменістан]] |
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[[ur:ترکمانستان]] |
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[[uz:Turkmaniston]] |
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[[vi:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[vo:Turkmenän]] |
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[[war:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[wo:Turkumenistaan]] |
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[[wuu:土库曼斯坦]] |
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[[xal:Йомудин Орн]] |
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[[yi:טורקמעניסטאן]] |
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[[yo:Turkmenistan]] |
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[[zh:土库曼斯坦]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Turkmenistan]] |
Révisi mangsa 7 Méi 2023 09.15
Türkmenistan Respublikasy Républik Turkménistan |
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Motto — |
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Lagu Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap,Türkmenistanyň döwlet gimni |
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Ibu kota (jeung kota panggedéna) | Ashgabat | |||||
Basa ngobrol antarsuku |
TurkménRusia | |||||
Pamaréntah | Républik (de jure) | |||||
- | Présidén | G. Berdimuhammedow | ||||
Kamerdékaan | ||||||
Aréa | ||||||
- | Total | 488.100 km² (52) mil² |
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Populasi | ||||||
- | Perkiraan 2005 | 4.952.081 (112) | ||||
- | Sénsus - | - | ||||
- | Kapadetan | 10 /km² (173) /mil² |
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GDP (PPP) | Perkiraan 2005 | |||||
- | Total | US$35,93 miliar (86) | ||||
- | Per kapita | US$7.266 (81) | ||||
Mata uang | Manat (TMM ) |
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Zona wanci | (UTC+5) | |||||
- | Usum panas (DST) | (UTC+5) | ||||
TLD Internét | .tm | |||||
Kode telepon | +993 |
Républik Turkménistan (Basa Turkmén:Türkmenistan Respublikasy), diwanoh ogé sabagé Turkménia (Basa Rusia: Туркмения) nyaéta hiji nagara anu aya di wewengkon Asia Tengah, Asia. Nepi ka taun 1990, Turkménistan tetep kagabung dina konstitusi Uni Soviét, nu namina Républik Sosialis Soviét Turkménistan. Turkménistan tepung wates jeung Iran di kidul, Apganistan di kidul-wétan, Uzbékistan di kalér, Kazakhstan di kalér-kulon, jeung Laut Kaspia di kulon. Wewengkonna kalobaannana mangrupa sagara keusik Karakum. Nagara ieu miboga cadangan gas alam panglobana kalima di dunya.
Nepi ka danget ieu, Turkménistan ngagunakeun sistem politik hiji partai. Sistem ieu katempo teu minuhan prinsip-prinsip dasar démokrasi.[1]. Ti mimiti kamerdékaanna ti Uni Soviét, Turkménistan dipingpin ku Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov. Dina 21 Désémber 2006, anjeunna maot, jeung digentosan ku Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýeviç Berdimuhammedow nu ditunjuk ku Déwan Kaamanan Nagara Turkménistan, liwat pamilihan umum dina 11 Fébruari 2007.
Pambagian Wewengkon
[édit | édit sumber]Turkménistan dibagi ka lima propinsi atawa welayatlar (tunggal welayat) jeung hiji wewengkon ibukota. Masing-masing welayat dibagi ka sababaraha etraplar (tunggal etrap).
Propinsi | ISO 3166-2 | Ibukota | Lega[2] | Populasi (2005)[2] | Key |
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Dayeuh Ashgabat | Ashgabat | 470 km2 (180 sq mi) | 871,500 | ||
Propinsi Ahal | TM-A | Anau | 97,160 km2 (37,510 sq mi) | 939,700 | 1 |
Propinsi Balkan | TM-B | Balkanabat | 139,270 km2 (53,770 sq mi) | 553,500 | 2 |
Propinsi Daşoguz | TM-D | Daşoguz | 73,430 km2 (28,350 sq mi) | 1,370,400 | 3 |
Propinsi Lebap | TM-L | Türkmenabat | 93,730 km2 (36,190 sq mi) | 1,334,500 | 4 |
Propinsi Mary | TM-M | Mary | 87,150 km2 (33,650 sq mi) | 1,480,400 | 5 |
Basa
[édit | édit sumber]Basa Turkmén mangrupa basa resmi di Turkménistan, sanajan tetep loba populasinya nu ngagunakeun basa Rusia keur komunikasi antarétnis. Kira-kira 72% populasina ngagunakeun basa Turkmén, 12% ngagunakeun basa Rusia, 9% ngagunakeun basa Uzbék, jeung 7% ngagunakeun basa nu séjén.
Warisan
[édit | édit sumber]Turkménistan dina daptar Situs Warisan Dunya | |||||
Gambar | Nami | Lokasi | Catetan | Kaping Panambahan | Tipe |
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Merv Kuna | Mary | Dayeuh-Oase utama di Asia Tengah, dina waktos Jalur Sutra | 1995 | Budaya[3] | |
Köneürgenç | Köneürgenç | Runtuhan ibukota Khwarezmia dina abad ka-12 | 2005 | Budaya[4] | |
Bénténg Parthia Nisa | Bagyr, Propinsi Ahal | Salah sahiji ibukota kahiji Kakaisaran Parthia | 2007 | Budaya[5] |
Tempo ogé
[édit | édit sumber]Catetan suku
[édit | édit sumber]- ↑ Freedom House: Freedom in the world, country report on Turkmenistan http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2009&country=7723 Archived 2011-10-23 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ a b Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000-2004, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2005.
- ↑ UNESCO. Ancient Merv State Historical and Cultural Park. Archived 2017-07-05 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ UNESCO. Köneürgenç. Archived 2018-07-12 di Wayback Machine
- ↑ UNESCO. Nisa Fortress. Archived 2017-07-05 di Wayback Machine
Tumbu luar
[édit | édit sumber]Wikimedia Commons mibanda média séjénna nu patali jeung Category:Turkmenistan. |
Tempo ogé Turkménistan di Wikivoyage
- (en) Nagara Turkmenbashi
- (en) Turkmenistan Chaihana
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