Извор странице Omega-3 masna kiselina

{{fats}}
'''-{''n''}-−3 masne kiseline''' (''ω−3 masne kiseline'', ''omega-3 masne kiseline'') su esencijalne [[nezasićena mast|nezasićene]] [[masna kiselina|masne kiseline]] sa [[dvostruka veza|dvostrukom vezom]] (-{C=C}-) počevši od trećeg atoma ugljenika sa kraja ugljenikovog lanca.<ref>{{AlbertsMolecularBiology4th}}</ref> 

[[Esencijalna masna kiselina|Esencijalne masne kiseline]] su [[molekul]]i koji se ne mogu sintetisati u ljudskom telu ali su vitalni za normalni [[metabolizam]]. Jedna od dve familije esencijalnih masnih kiselina su omega-3 masne kiseline. 

Ugljenični lanac ima dva kraja -- kiselinski (-{COOH}-) kraj i metilni (-{CH}-<sub>3</sub>) kraj. Lokacija prve dvostruke veze se numeriše sa metilnog kraja, koji je takođe poznat kao omega (ω) kraj ili -{''n''}- kraj. 

Prehrambeno važne -{''n''}-−3 masne kiseline su [[alfa-linoleinska kiselina|α-linoleinska kiselina]] (-{ALA}-), [[eikozapentaenoinska kiselina]] (-{EPA}-), i [[dokozaheksaenoinska kiselina]] (-{DHA}-), sve od kojih su [[polinezasićena mast|polinezasićene]]. 

Uobičajeni izvori -{''n''}-–3 masnih kiselina su riblje ulje i neka biljna ulja, kao što su ulja [[lan]]a i [[alge|algi]].

[[Sisar]]i ne mogu da sintetišu -{''n''}-−3 masne kiseline, ali imaju ograničenu sposobnost formiranja dugolančanih -{''n''}-−3 masnih kiselina -{EPA}- (20 ugljenika) i -{DHA}- (22 ugljenika) iz masne kiseline -{ALA}- sa osamnaest ugljenika.

== Hemija ==
[[Датотека:ALAnumbering.svg|360px|right|thumb|Hemijska struktura [[alfa-linoleinska kiselina|alfa-linoleinske kiseline]] (-{ALA}-), esencijalne -{''n''}-−3 masne kiseline, (-{18:3Δ9c,12c,15c,}- što znači lanac sa 18 ugljenika i 3 dvostruke veze na ugljenicima numerisanim 9, 12, i 15). Mada hemijska nomenklatura odbrojava sa [[karbonilna grupa|karbonilnog]] ugljenika (plava numeracija), fiziološka notacija počinje sa -{''n''}- (ω) ugljenika. Sa -{''n''}- kraja prva dvostruka veza se javlja kao treća ugljenik-ugljenik veza. -{''n''}- kraj se skoro nikad ne menja tokom fizioloških transformacija u ljudskom telu, jer je energetski stabilniji.]]
[[Датотека:EPAnumbering.png|360px|right|thumb|Hemijska struktura eikozapentaenoinske kiseline (-{EPA}-).]]
[[Датотека:DHAnumbering.png|360px|right|thumb|Hemijska struktura dokozaheksaenoinske kiseline (-{DHA}-).]]

-{''N''}-−3 masne kiseline koje su važne u ljudskoj fiziologiji su α-linoleinska kiselina (18:3, -{''n''−3; ALA}-), eikozapentaenoinska kiselina (20:5, -{''n''−3; EPA}-), i dokozaheksaenoinska kiselina (22:6, -{''n''−3; DHA}-). Ove tri [[polinezasićena mast|polinezasićene]] kiseline imaju bilo 3, 5, ili 6 dvostrukih veza u lancu sa 18, 20, ili 22 ugljenika, respektivno. Kao i kod većine prirodnih masnih kiselina, sve dvostruke veze su u ''[[geometrijski izomerizam|cis]]''-konfiguraciji.

[[Jod]] se može dodati na dvostruke veze dokozaheksaenoinske i arahidonske kiseline, čime se formiraju jodolipidi.<ref name="Venturi">{{Cite book| last = Venturi S| first = |last2=Bégin|first2=M. E.| year = 2010 | chapter = Thyroid Hormone, Iodine and Human Brain Evolution | title= Environmental Influences on Human Brain Evolution | veditors = Cunnane S, Stewart K | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | pages = [http://books.google.ca/books?id=gfkRnv20GtsC&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false 105–124] |isbn=978-0-470-45268-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cocchi | first1 = M. | last2 = Venturi | first2 = S. | title = Iodide, antioxidant function and Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids: a new hypothesis of a biochemical cooperation? | url = | journal = Progress in Nutrition |date= 2000 |volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 15–19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title = Iodised rapeseed oil for eradication of severe endemic goitre |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02427-6 | last1 = Ingenbleek | first1 = Y | last2 = Jung | first2 = L | last3 = Férard | first3 = G | last4 = Bordet | first4 = F | last5 = Goncalves | first5 = AM | last6 = Dechoux | first6 = L | | url = | journal = Lancet |date= 1997 |volume = 350 | issue = 9090| pages = 1542–5 | pmid = 9388412 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title = Brassiodol: A new iodised oil for eradication of endemic goitre |doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(2000)13:1<85::AID-JTRA10>3.0.CO;2-E | last1 = Ingenbleek | first1 = Y | last2 = Jung | first2 = L | last3 = Férard | first3 = G  | author-name-separator= | | url = | journal = Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology |date= 2000 |volume = 13 | issue = 1| pages = 85–96 }}</ref>

=== Lista -{''n''}-−3 masnih kiselina ===
Ova tabela sadrži nekoliko različitih imena uobičajenih -{''n''}-−3 masnih kiselina nađenih u prirodi.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Uobičajeno ime
! Lipidno ime
! Hemijsko ime
|-
| [[Heksadekatrienoinska kiselina]] (-{HTA}-)
| 16:3 (-{''n''}-−3)
| ''sve''-''cis''-7,10,13-heksadekatrienoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Alfa-linoleinska kiselina|α-linoleinska kiselina]] (-{ALA}-)
| 18:3 (-{''n''}-−3)
|''sve''-''cis''-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic kiselina
|-
| [[Stearidonska kiselina]] (-{SDA}-)
| 18:4 (-{''n''}-−3)
|''sve''-''cis''-6,9,12,15-oktadekatetraenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Mead kiselina|Eikozatrienoinska kiselina]] (-{ETE}-)
| 20:3 (-{''n''}-−3)
|''sve''-''cis''-11,14,17-eikozatrienoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Eikozatetraenoinska kiselina]] (-{ETA}-)
| 20:4 (-{''n''}-−3)
|''sve''-''cis''-8,11,14,17-eikozatetraenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Eikozapentaenoinska kiselina]] (-{EPA}-)
| 20:5 (-{''n''}-−3)
| ''sve''-''cis''-5,8,11,14,17-eikozapentaenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Heneikozapentaenoinska kiselina]] (-{HPA}-)
| 21:5 (-{''n''}-−3)
| ''sve-cis''-6,9,12,15,18-heneikozapentaenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Dokozapentaenoinska kiselina]] (-{DPA}-),<br />Klupadonska kiselina
| 22:5 (-{''n''}-−3)
| ''sve''-''cis''-7,10,13,16,19-dokosapentaenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Dokozaheksaenoinska kiselina]] (-{DHA}-)
| 22:6 (-{''n''}-−3)
|''sve''-''cis''-4,7,10,13,16,19-dokozaheksaenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Tetrakozapentaenoinska kiselina]]
| 24:5 (-{''n''}-−3)
|''sve''-''cis''-9,12,15,18,21-tetrakozapentaenoinska kiselina
|-
| [[Tetrakozaheksaenoinska kiselina]] (Nisininska kiselina)
| 24:6 (-{''n''}-−3)
| ''sve''-''cis''-6,9,12,15,18,21-tetrakozaheksaenoinska kiselina
|} {{Clear}}

== Reference ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Literatura ==
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{{Литература крај}}

== Spoljašnje veze ==
* [http://dhaomega3.org/ DHA/EPA Omega-3 Institut] 
* [http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4632 Američko udruženje za srce: "Riba & omega-3 masne kiseline"]
* [http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsSupplements/Omega3FattyAcidscs.html Omega-3 masne kiseline] {{Wayback|url=http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsSupplements/Omega3FattyAcidscs.html |date=20081122021822 }}
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{{Lipidi-lat}}
{{Masne kiseline-lat}}

{{normativna kontrola}}

{{СОРТИРАЊЕ:Omega-3 masna kiselina}}
[[Категорија:Липиди]]
[[Категорија:Масне киселине]]
[[Категорија:Биолошки засноване терапије]]
[[Категорија:Лечење биполарног поремећаја]]
[[Категорија:Алкенске киселине]]