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Tenochtitlan

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Drawing of what part of Tenochtitlan may have looked like

Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire. The Aztecs built Tenochtitlan around 1325, right on a lake called Lake Texcoco.[1]

As the Empire grew, so did Tenochtitlan. By the early 1500s, at least 200,000 people lived in the city. This made Tenochtitlan the largest city in the Americas before Christopher Columbus arrived.[2]

Center of the Aztec Empire

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See also: Aztec Empire

Tenochtitlan was the center of the Aztec government and religion. It was also a very big trading center. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, they guessed that 60,000 people came to the market in Tenochtitlan every day.[2] People bought and sold many things there, including slaves (prisoners of war from states the Aztecs had taken over).[3] The entire city was decorated with art, architecture, and stone sculptures.

The Great Temple

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The city had a huge pyramid called the Templo Mayor (Great Temple). At the top of the Temple, there were two small rooms. In these rooms, the Aztecs sacrificed people to two of their most important gods: Huitzilopochtli, the god of war and the sun, and Tlaloc, the rain god.[4] The Aztecs believed that if they did not feed their gods blood, the gods would wither and die, causing the end of the world as they knew it.[5]

Agriculture

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The Aztecs had created canals all across the city. By bringing water to Aztec crops, these canals made it possible for the Aztecs to grow much more food than they normally could have. The Aztecs had also made levees to protect the city from flooding, and reservoirs for fresh water.[3]

The Aztecs also built chinampas (small rectangular crops floating on lake beds) so that they could create more food to feed the thousands of people who lived around Tenochtitlan. In addition, they built waterways and dams so that they could receive fresh water, and block out the salty brackish water.[6][7]

Fall of Tenochtitlan

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See the main article: Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire

In 1519, Spanish conquistadores led by Hernan Cortes arrived in Tenochtitlan. Cortes was impressed with the city, but still decided to attack it. The Spanish and their Tlaxcalan allies invaded Tenochtitlan, and the city fell in 1521.[2]

Mexico City was built over the ruins of Tenochtitlan.[8]

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  • Drawing of Tenochtitlan on Lake Texcoco
    Drawing of Tenochtitlan on Lake Texcoco
  • Model of the Aztec "Great Temple"
    Model of the Aztec "Great Temple"
  • "Water tunnel" coming from the Aztec Great Temple[a]
    "Water tunnel" coming from the Aztec Great Temple[a]
  • Model of what Tenochtitlan may have looked like
    Model of what Tenochtitlan may have looked like
  • Spanish painting of a market in Tenochtitlan
    Spanish painting of a market in Tenochtitlan
  • The Spanish invade Tenochtitlan
    The Spanish invade Tenochtitlan
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Notes

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  1. ↑ In 2015, archaeologists found what was left of a water tunnel coming from the Aztec Great Temple. Historians know that after Aztec rulers died, the Aztecs cremated them. However, they have never known where the Aztecs buried their rulers' ashes. Archaeologists think this tunnel led to the place where the Aztecs buried the ashes. Mexico remade the tunnel with bricks, and it is now a monument.[9]

References

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  1. ↑ Marty, Lisa (2006). Ancient Aztecs. Lorenz Educational Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0787783259.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Fagan, Brian; Durrani, Nadia (2015). People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory. Routledge. p. 443-447. ISBN 978-1317346821.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Central and South American Empires: 11d. The Aztec World". Ancient Civilizations Online Textbook. The Independence Hall Association. 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ Cartwright, Mark (February 26, 2014). "Aztec Civilization". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
  5. ↑ Brodd, Jeffrey (2009). World Religions: A Voyage of Discovery. Saint Mary’s Press. p. 32-36. ISBN 978-0884899976.
  6. ↑ West, Robert C.; & Armillas, Pedro (1950). "Las chinampas de México" (in Spanish). Cuadernos Mexicanos 40: 165-82.
  7. ↑ Cline, S.L. (1986). Colonial Culhuacan, 1580-1600: A Social History of an Aztec Town. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 2-3. ISBN 978-1597406642.
  8. ↑ Evans, Susan Toby (2005). "The Aztec Palace Under Spanish Rule." In The Postclassic to Spanish-Era Transition in Mesoamerica. pp. 13-40. Susan Kepecs & Rani T. Alexander (Eds.) ISBN 978-0826337399.
  9. ↑ "Descubren En El Templo Mayor Túnel Secreto Que Podría Llevar A Crematorio De Los Reyes Aztecas" (in Spanish). Latinos Post. December 2, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
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