Oceania
Oceania is a name used in geography for the region made up of Australia, Polynesia, Melanesia, and several other island nations in the surrounding area. It is often listed as one of the continents of the world.
The term "Oceania" does not have one single agreed definition. The widest definition of Oceania includes the entire region between continental Asia and the Americas, including Australasia, as well as islands in the Pacific Rim such as the Japanese archipelago, Taiwan, and the Aleutian islands.
On the other hand, the Oceania ecozone includes all of Micronesia, Fiji, and all of Polynesia except New Zealand. Sometimes, people use the term 'Oceania' to include only the Polynesian and Melanesian islands in the Pacific Ocean, as separate from Australasia. When Oceania is treated separately from Australia, the region of Oceania is referred to as "Australia and Oceania".[1]
In the United Nations' geographic regions, Oceania includes Australia and the nations of the Pacific from Papua New Guinea east, but not the Malay Archipelago or Indonesian New Guinea.[2]
A smaller usage of Oceania as a continent includes only Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and the islands between them. This part of the world is usually called Australasia instead. For these reasons, it is not correct to say that Australasia is part of Oceania, because what is meant by 'Oceania' is not clear. Australasia has an exact definition in biogeography and geology; Australasia includes New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), and Melanesia, New Guinea, and the islands just north and east of Australia. All these are south-east of the Bali–Lombok line, also known as the Wallace Line.
Countries in Oceania
[change | change source]Some listed here are part of a larger State.
- Australia
- Bougainville
- Cook Islands[a]
- Easter Island
- Fiji
- Federated States of Polynesia
- Galapagos Islands[b]
- Guam
- Hawaii A State of the U.S.A.
- Juan Fernandez Islands[b]
- Kiribati
- Marshall Islands
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Nauru
- New Caledonia
- New Zealand
- Niue[a]
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Mariana Islands
- Ogasawara
- Palau
- Papua New Guinea
- Pitcairn Islands
- Eastern Samoa
- Western Samoa
- Solomon Islands
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Tuvalu
- United States Minor Outlying Islands
- Vanuatu
- Wallis and Futuna
Languages
[change | change source]- Bislama in Vanuatu
- Chamorro in Guam and Northern Mariana Islands
- Chinese in Kiribati
- English in Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, etc.
- Fijian in Fiji
- French in Vanuatu and France's overseas territories
- Gilbertese in Kiribati
- Hawaiian in Hawaii
- Hindi in Fiji
- Hiri Motu in Papua New Guinea
- Indonesian in South Papua, West Papua, Aru Islands, etc
- Japanese in Bonin Islands
- Malay in Chrismas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Maori in Cook Islands
- Marshallese in Marshall Islands
- Nauruan in Nauru
- Niuean in Niue
- Norfuk in Norfolk Island
- Palauan in Palau
- Pidgin in Hawaii
- Pitkern in Pitcairn Islands
- Rapanui in Easter Island
- Rarotongan in Cook Islands
- Samoan in Samoa and American Samoa
- Spanish in Guam, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Easter Island, Galapagos Islands and the Juan Fernandez Islands
- Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea
- Tokelauan in Tokelau
- Tongan in Tonga
- Tuvaluan in Tuvalu
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Society, National Geographic (2012-01-04). "Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
- ↑ "UNSD — Methodology". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Notes
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 In free association with New Zealand.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Physiologically part of Oceania