List of biologists

This is a list of noted biologists.

A

Humayun Abdulali (1914–2001), Indian ornithologist
Aziz Ab'Saber (1924–2012), Brazilian geographer, geologist and ecologist
Erik Acharius (1757–1819), Swedish botanist
Johann Friedrich Adam (18th century–1806), Russian botanist
Arthur Adams (1820–1878), English physician and naturalist
Henry Adams (1813–1877), English naturalist and conchologist
William Adamson (1731–1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany: Aiton)
Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany: Adans.)
Monique Adolphe (born 1932), French cell biologist
Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish botanist
Carl Adolph Agardh (1785–1859), Swedish botanist
Jacob Georg Agardh (1813–1901), Swedish botanist
Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist
Alexander Agassiz (1835–1910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz
Nikolaus Ager (1568–1634), French botanist
Pedro Alberch i Vié (1954–1998), Spanish naturalist
Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Nora Lilian Alcock (1874–1972), British pioneer in plant pathology
Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), English ornithologist
Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English ornithologist
Richard D. Alexander (born 1930), American evolutionary biologist
Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist
Alfred William Alcock (1859–1933), British naturalist
Salim Ali (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist
Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736–after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany: F.Allam.)
Warder Clyde Allee (1885–1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect
Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921), American; birds, mammals
George James Allman (1812–1898), British naturalist
June Dalziel Almeida (1930–2007), Scottish virologist
Tikvah Alper (1909–1995), South African radiobiologist
Prospero Alpini (1553–1617), Italian botanist
Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA
Bruce Ames (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832–1897), Portuguese naturalist
George French Angas (1822–1886), English explorer, naturalist, conchologist and painter
Mary Arlene Appelhof (1936–2005), American biologist
Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857–1921), Swedish marine zoologist
Agnes Robertson Arber (1879–1960), British plant morphologist and anatomist, historian of botany and philosopher of biology
Aristotle (384 BC–322 BC), Greek philosopher
Emily Arnesen (1867–1928), Norwegian zoologist
Ruth Arnon (born 1933), Israeli biochemist
Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist
Gilbert Ashwell (1916–2014), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
Ana Aslan (1897–1988), Romanian biologist
Jean Baptiste Audebert (1759–1800), French naturalist
Jean Victoire Audouin (1797–1841), French zoologist
John James Audubon (1786–1851), American ornithologist
Charlotte Auerbach (1899–1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis
Linda Avey (born 1960), American biologist
Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel Prize–winning physiologist
Julius Axelrod (1912–2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
William Orville Ayres (1817–1887), American physician and ichthyologist
Félix de Azara (1746–1811), Spanish naturalist

B

Ba-Bi

Churchill Babington (1821–1889), British archaeologist and conchologist
John Bachman (1790–1874), American naturalist
Curt Backeberg (1894–1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)
Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), embryologist
Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), American botanist (abbr. in botany: L.H.Bailey)
Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887), birds and mammals
Scott Baker (born 1954), American marine biologist
John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany: Balf.)
David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
Outram Bangs (1863–1932), American zoologist
Joseph Banks (1743–1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany: Banks)
Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system
Ben Barres (born 1955), American neurobiologist
Benjamin Smith Barton (1766–1815), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Barton)
John Bartram (1699–1777), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Bartram)
William Bartram (1739–1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany: W.Bartram)
Anton de Bary (1831–1888), contribution: studies of plant diseases
Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), English naturalist
Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the Zoological Society of London
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (1762–1802), German botanist, mycologist
Nicolas Baudin (1754–1803), French botanist
Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus (abbr. in botany: C.Bauhin)
Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: Bechst.)
Rollo Beck (1870–1950), American ornithologist
Charles William Beebe (1877–1962), biologist
Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses
Thomas Bell (1792–1880), English naturalist
David Bellamy (born 1933), English botanist
Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), English zoologist
George Bentham (1800–1884), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Benth.)
Robert Bentley (1821–1893), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Bentley)
Jacques Benveniste (1935–2004), French immunologist
Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
Hans Berger (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography
Carl Bergmann (1814–1865), German anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed the Bergmann's rule
Rudolph Bergh (1824–1909), Danish physician and zoologist
Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis
Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), American marine zoologist
Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), English ornithologist
Colin Bibby (1948–2004), English ornithologist
Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), French zoologist
Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan (1883–1953), Dutch biologist and ethologist
Ann Bishop (1899–1990), English biologist
Biswamoy Biswas (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist

Bl-Bu

Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US Nobel Prize–winning researcher in the field of telomeres and the "telomerase" enzyme
John Blackwall (1790–1881), British entomologist
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), French zoologist
Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874–1954), American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), English naturalist
William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), English naturalist
Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist
Günter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.
Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules
Carl Ludwig Blume (1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany: Blume)
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist
Edward Blyth (1810–1873), English zoologist
José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823–1907), Portuguese zoologist
Pieter Boddaert (1730–1795 or 1796), naturalist
Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), French naturalist
James Bond (1900–1989), American ornithologist
Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist
August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786–1839), German botanist
John Tyler Bonner (1920-2019), American developmental biologist
Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), Swiss naturalist
Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Bonpl.)
Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system
Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970), Russian botanist
Norman Borlaug (born 1914), American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution
Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759–1828), French zoologist
George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), Belgian zoologist
Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), French naturalist
Margaret Bradshaw New Zealand Antarctic researcher, paleontologist
Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802–1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: Brandt)
Sara Branham Matthews (1888–1962), American microbiologist
Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787–1864), German ornithologist
Alfred Brehm (1829–1884), German zoologist
Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814–1880), American naturalist
William Brewster (1851–1919), American ornithologist
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist
Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Britton)
Thomas D. Brock (born 1926), American biologist, discoverer of hyperthermophiles
Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Brongn.)
Robert Broom (1866–1951), South African paleontologist
James H. Brown, American ecologist
Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist (abbr. in botany: R.Br.)
David Bruce (1855–1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist
Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798), French naturalist
Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist
Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist
Stephen L. Buchmann, co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators
Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist and Nobel prize winner
Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809–1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany: Buckley)
Buffon (1707–1788), French naturalist (abbr. in botany: Buffon)
William Bullock (1773–1849), English naturalist
Walter Buller (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist
James Bulwer (1794–1879), English naturalist and conchologist
Alexander G. von Bunge (1803–1890), German-Russian zoologist
Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American horticulturalist
Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), German zoologist
Carolyn Burns New Zealand ecologist
Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA
Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing

C

Jean Cabanis (1816–1906), German ornithologist
Ángel Cabrera (1879–1960), Spanish zoologist
George Caley (1770–1829), Discovery of Mount Banks
Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), German botanist
Frederick Campion Steward (1904–1993), British botanist
A. P. de Candolle (1778–1841), Swiss botanist
Philip Pearsall Carpenter (1819–1877), conchologist
Alexis Carrel (1873–1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics
Elie-Abel Carrière (1818–1896), French botanist
Clodoveo Carrión Mora (1883–1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
Sean B. Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
Rachel Carson (1907–1964), biologist, author of Silent Spring
George Washington Carver (1860–1943), American botanist
John Cassin (1813–1869), American ornithologist
Alexandre de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Cass.)
Amy Castle (1880-1971), New Zealand entomologist
William E. Castle (1867–1962), American geneticist
Mark Catesby (1683–1749), English naturalist
Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), Italian botanist
Francesco Cetti (1726–1778), Italian zoologist
Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), Brazilian physician
Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), German botanist
Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), biologist
Ann Chapman (1937-2009), New Zealand limnologist
Frank Michler Chapman (1864–1945), ornithologist
Martha Chase (1927–2003), American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity
Thomas Frederic Cheeseman (1846–1923), New Zealand botanist and naturalist
Robert Ernest Cheesman (1878–1962), English military officer, explorer and ornithologist
Sergei Chetverikov (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist
Charles Chilton (1860–1929), New Zealand zoologist
Carl Chun (1852–1914), German marine biologist
Nathan Cobb (1859–1932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology
Leonard Cockayne (1855-1934), New Zealand botanist
Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in botany: Cogn.)
Stanley Cohen (born 1922), American biologist, Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.
James J. Collins, American biologist, synthetic biology and systems biology pioneer
Henry Boardman Conover (1892–1950), American ornithologist
Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803–1877), American malacologist
James Graham Cooper (1830–1902), American naturalist
William Cooper (1798–1864), American conchologist
Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology
Charles Coquerel (1822–1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist
Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycle
Gerty Cori (1886–1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the Cori cycle
Charles B. Cory (1857–1921), American ornithologist
Emanuel Mendez da Costa (1717–1791), English botanist, naturalist, philosopher
Elliott Coues (1842–1899), American ornithologist
Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907–2004), South African zoologist
Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer
Miguel Rolando Covian (1913–1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology
Frederick Vernon Coville (1867–1937), American botanist
Robert K. Crane, (born 1919), American biochemist, discovered sodium-glucose cotransport
Lucy Cranwell (1907-2000), New Zealand botanist
Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (1786–1845), German zoologist
Francis Crick (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist
Joseph Charles Hippolyte Crosse (1826–1898), French conchologist
Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), English botanist
Allan Cunningham (1791–1839), English botanist
G. H. Cunningham (1892-1962), New Zealand mycologist
Kathleen Curtis (1892-1993), New Zealand mycologist and plant pathologist
William Curtis (1746–1799), English botanist
Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), French naturalist

D

Valerie Daggett, American bioengineer
Anders Dahl (1751–1789), namesake of the Dahlia
William Healey Dall (1845–1927), malacologist, exploration of Alaska
J. C. Daniel (1927–2011), Indian naturalist, director of the Bombay Natural History Society
Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist, author and biologist
Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
Charles Davenport (1866–1944), American biologist and eugenicist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Armand David (1826–1900), French zoologist and botanist
Bernard Davis (1916–1994), American biologist
Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist
George Delahunty (born 1952), American physiologist, endocrinologist, and professor of biology at Goucher College
Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787–1823), French naturalist
Max Delbrück (1906–1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanism of viruses
Richard Dell (1920–2002), New Zealand malacologist
Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794–1860), Italian
Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist
René Louiche Desfontaines (1750–1833), French botanist
Gérard Paul Deshayes (1795–1875), French geologist and conchologist.
Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784–1838), French zoologist
Ernst Dieffenbach (1811–1855), German naturalist
Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), German botanist
Lewis Weston Dillwyn (1778–1855), British botanist and conchologist
Joan Dingley (1916-2008), New Zealand mycologist
Walter Dobrogosz (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus reuteri
Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585), Flemish botanist
Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German marine biologist
David Don (1799–1841), British botanist
James Donn (1758–1813), English botanist
Jean Dorst (1924–2001), French ornithologist
Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), British entomologist
David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist
Jonas C. Dryander (1748–1810), Swedish botanist
Patricia Louise Dudley (1929–2004) American zoologist
Félix Dujardin (1802–1860), biologist
Renato Dulbecco (1914–2012), biologist
Ronald Duman, Biological psychiatry
André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), French zoologist
Michel Felix Dunal (1789–1856), French botanist
Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist
Gerald Durrell (1925–1995), British naturalist

E

Sylvia Earle (born 1935), American oceanographer
John Carew Eccles (1903–1997), Australian neurophysiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse
Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), Danish botanist (abbr. in botany: Eckl.)
Gerald Edelman (born 1929), Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
George Edwards (1693–1773), British naturalist
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), German biologist and microscopist
Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
Karl Eichwald (1795–1876), Russian geologist and physician
Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), German zoologist
George Eliava (1892–1937), Georgian microbiologist
Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835–1915), American zoologist
Günther Enderlein (1872–1968), German zoologist and entomologist
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in botany: Endl.)
Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist
George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-American botanist
Adolf Engler (1844–1930), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Engl.)
Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744–1777), German naturalist.
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), Austrian botanist
Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), English naturalist

F

Jean Henri Fabre (1823–1915), French entomologist
Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish entomologist
David Fairchild (1869–1954), American botanist
Hugh Falconer (1808–1865), Scottish paleontologist
Filippo Farsetti (1703-1774), Venetian art collector and botanist
Leonardo Fea (1852–1903), Italian zoologist
Christoph Feldegg (1780–1845), Austrian naturalist
Lewis J. Feldman (born 1945), American botanist
Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (1917–1994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist
Sérgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist
Harold John Finlay (1901–1951), New Zealand palaeontologist and conchologist
Otto Finsch (1839–1917), German naturalist
Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German entomologist
James Fisher (1922–1970), English ornithologist
Paul Henri Fischer (1835–1893): French physician, zoologist, malacologist and paleontologist
Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics
Leopold Fitzinger (1802–1884), Austrian zoologist
Tim Flannery (born 1956) Australian biologist
Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), British medical scientist
Charles Fleming (1916-1987), New Zealand ornithologist, palaeontologist
Walther Flemming (1843–1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes
Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878–1950), English entomologist
Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968), pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin
Brian J. Ford (born 1939), British biologist and writer
E. B. Ford (1901–1988), British ecological geneticist
Margot Forde (1835-1995), New Zealand botanist
Peter Forsskål (1732–1763), Swedish naturalist
Georg Forster (1754–1794), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: G.Forst.)
Peter Forster (geneticist) (born 1967), German geneticist
Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–1798), German naturalist
Robert Fortune (1813–1880), Scottish botanist
Dian Fossey (1932–1985), American zoologist
Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro (1797–1874), Brazilian botanist
Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees
Imre Frivaldszky (1799–1870), Hungarian botanist
Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), German botanist
José María de la Fuente Morales (1855–1932), Spanish biologist
Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927), American ornithologist

G

Joseph Gaertner (1732–1791), German botanist
François Gagnepain (1866–1952), French botanist
Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796–1858), French naturalist
Biruté Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans
Robert Gallo (born 1937), American virologist and co-discoverer of HIV
William Gambel (1823–1849), American naturalist
Prosper Garnot (1794–1838), French naturalist
Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789–1854), French botanist
Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients
Howard Scott Gentry (1903–1993), American botanist
John Gerard (1545–1611/12), English botanist
Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist (abbr. in botany: Gesner)
Luca Ghini (1490–1566), Italian botanist
Clelia Giacobini (1931–2010), Italian microbiologist, a pioneer of microbiology applied to conservation-restoration
John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
Charles Henry Gimingham (born 1923), British botanist
Charles Frédéric Girard (1822–1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: J.F.Gmel.)
Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), German naturalist (abbr. in botany: J.G.Gmel.)
Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), German botanist (abbr. in botany: S.G.Gmel.)
Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), English naturalist and ornithologist
Émil Goeldi (1859–1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.
Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology
Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
George Gordon (1806–1879), British botanist
Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888), English naturalist
Augustus Addison Gould (1805–1866), American conchologist.
John Gould (1804–1881), English ornithologist
Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), American paleontologist
Alfred Grandidier (1836–1921), French naturalist and explorer
Guillaume Grandidier (1873–1957), French naturalist and explorer son of Alfred Grandidier
Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism
Chapman Grant (1887–1983), American herpetologist
Pierre-Paul Grassé (1895–1985), French zoologist
Asa Gray (1810–1888), American botanist
George Robert Gray (1808–1872), English zoologist
J.E. Gray (1800–1875), British zoologist
Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869), American ornithologist
William King Gregory (1876–1970), American zoologist
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), British ornithologist
Janet Grieve New Zealand biological oceanographer
Frederick Griffith (1879–1941), British bacteriologist
Jeremy Griffith (born 1945), Australian zoologist
Jan Frederik Gronovius (1690–1762), Dutch botanist
Pavel Grošelj (1883–1940), biologist and belletrist
Colin Groves (1942–2017), Professor of biological anthropology in Australia
Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (1799–1874), French entomologist
Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745–1781), German naturalist
Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"
Johann Ernst Gunnerus (1718–1773), Norwegian botanist
Albert C. L. G. Günther (1830–1914), British/German zoologist

H

Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), German physician, zoologist and evolutionist
Hermann August Hagen (1817–1893), German entomologist
J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964), British evolutionary biologist and co-founder of population genetics
William Donald Hamilton (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist
Sylvanus Charles Thorp Hanley (1819–1899), British conchologist and malacologist
Thomas Hardwicke (1755–1835), English naturalist
Alister Clavering Hardy (1896–1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion
Richard Harlan (1796–1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, father of the free radical theory of aging
David Harrison (1926–2015), English zoologist
Maarten 't Hart (born 1944), Dutch biologist and writer
Ernst Hartert (1859–1933), German ornithologist
Gustav Hartlaub (1814–1900), German zoologist
Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812–1871), German botanist
William Henry Harvey (1811–1866), Irish phycologist
Hans Hass (1919–2013), Austrian biologist
Frederik Hasselquist (1722–1752), Swedish naturalist
Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824–1878), English ornithologist
James Hector (1834–1907), Scottish geologist, naturalist, and surgeon
Charles Hedley (1862–1926), naturalist, active in Australia
Oskar Heinroth (1871–1945), German biologist, a founder of ethology
Edmund Heller (1875–1939), American zoologist
Wilhelm Hemprich (1796–1825), German naturalist
Willi Hennig (1913–1976) German biologist, founder of cladistics
John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), English mineralogist, botanist and clergyman
Johann Hermann (1738–1800), French physician and naturalist
Albert William Herre (1868–1962), American ichthyologist and lichenologist
Alfred Hershey (1908–1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses
Philip Hershkovitz (1909–1997), American mammalogist noted especially as a primatologist
Leo George Hertlein (1898–1972), American paleontologist and malacologist
Archibald Vivian Hill (1886–1977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for elucidation of mechanical work in muscles
Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800–1894), English naturalist
Jan van der Hoeven (1802–1868), Dutch zoologist
Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849), German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist
Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798–1852), French naturalist
Leroy Hood (born 1939), American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer
Robert Hooke (1635–1703), British natural philosopher and Secretary to the Royal Society
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), British botanist, explorer and Director of Kew Botanic Gardens
William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), British botanist, Director of Kew Botanic Gardens
John "Jack" Horner (born 1946), American paleontologist, specialized in dinosaurs
Thomas Horsfield (1773–1859), American naturalist
Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the function of the pituitary hormones in regulating blood sugar (glucose) in animals.
Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798), Dutch naturalist
Albert Howard (1873–1947), British botanist
Henry Eliot Howard (1873–1940), English ornithologist
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology
David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research on the visual system
François Huber (1750–1831), Swiss naturalist
Ambrosius Hubrecht (1853–1915), Dutch zoologist
William Henry Hudson (1841–1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist
Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer
Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), British ornithologist
Rob Hume, British ornithologist
George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903–1991), American ecologist and limnologist
Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1835–1905), English biologist and geologist, later worked in New Zealand
Julian Sorell Huxley (1887–1975), English zoologist and contributor to the modern evolutionary synthesis; first D-G of UNESCO
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), English zoologist and advocate of evolution, agnosticism and scientific education
Alpheus Hyatt (1838–1902), American neo-Lamarckian
Libbie Hyman (1888–1969), invertebrate zoologist
Josef Hyrtl (1810–1894), Austrian anatomist

I

Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), German naturalist
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775–1813), German entomologist
Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), Dutch-born British botanist
Tom Iredale (1880–1972), English conchologist and ornithologist
Paul Erdmann Isert (1756–1789), German botanist

J

François Jacob (born 1920), French biologist, Nobel laureate
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), Dutch-born Austrian botanist
Honoré Jacquinot (1815–1887), French surgeon and zoologist
Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist
William Jardine (1800–1874), Scottish naturalist
Feliks Pawel Jarocki (1790–1865), Polish zoologist
Thomas C. Jerdon (1811–1872), British zoologist and botanist
Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), (coined the term gene)
David Starr Jordan (1851–1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
Félix Pierre Jousseaume (1835–1921), French zoologist and malacologist
Mike Joy (born 1959), New Zealand freshwater ecologist and science communicator
Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), French botanist
Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758), French naturalist
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836), botanist, biologist (abbr. in botany: Juss.)
Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777), French naturalist
Ernest Everett Just (1883–1941), American biologist

K

Zbigniew Kabata (1924–2014), Polish parasitologist
Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), Swedish botanist
Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory
Ferdinand Karsch (1853–1936), German arachnologist, entomologist, and anthropologist
Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817–1908), German botanist
Rudolf Kaufmann (1909–c1941), trilobitologist known for his contributions to allopatric speciation and punctuated equilibrium.
Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
Johann Jakob Kaup (1803–1873), German naturalist
Janet Kear (1933–2004), English ornithologist
Gerald A. Kerkut (1927–2004), British zoologist and physiologist
Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831–1898), Austrian botanist
Robert Kerr (1755–1813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil
Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska (born 1925), Polish paleontologist, led several paleontological expeditions to the Gobi desert
Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics
Carolyn King, New Zealand zoologist, professor at the University of Waikato, specialising in mammals, particularly small rodents and mustelids
Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882–1957), Scottish zoologist
William Kirby (1759–1850), English entomologist
Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874), German naturalist
Wilhelm Kobelt (1840–1916), German zoologist and malacologist
Fritz Köberle (1910–1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease
Karl Koch (1809–1879), German botanist
Robert Koch (1843–1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917), German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
Alexander Koenig (1858–1940), German naturalist
Albert von Kölliker (1817–1905), Swiss physiologist
Charles Konig (1774–1851), German naturalist
Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), discovered DNA polymerase
Adriaan Kortlandt, (born 1918), Dutch ethologist
Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927), German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology
Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–1981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
Gerard Krefft (1830–1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
Eduardo Krieger (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist
Kewal Krishan (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Schack August Steenberg Krogh (1874–1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821), German zoologist

L

Henri Laborit (1914–1995), French surgeon and physiologist
Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist
David Lack (1910–1973), British ornithologist
Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783–1861), French ornithologist
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils
Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761–1842), British botanist
Charles Lamberton (fl. 1912–1956), French paleontologist
Hugh Lamprey (1928–1996), British ecologist
Kai Larsen (1926–2012), Danish botanist
Charles Francis Laseron (1887–1959), American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist
John Latham (1740–1837), English naturalist
Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), French entomologist
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922), French physician, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoon
George Newbold Lawrence (1806–1855), American ornithologist
William Elford Leach (1790–1836), English zoologist and marine biologist
Colin Leakey (born 1933), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science
Joseph LeConte (1823–1901), physiologist
Tim Lee (born 1977), comedian
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope
François Leguat (c. 1637 – 1735), French naturalist
Joseph Leidy (1823–1891), American paleontologist
Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (1771–1813), Dutch naturalist
Juan Lembeye (1816–1889), Spanish naturalist
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them
Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773–1826), French botanist
Rene Primevere Lesson (1794–1849), French naturalist
Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778–1846), French naturalist
François Le Vaillant (1753–1824), French ornithologist
Edward B. Lewis (1918–2004), American geneticist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner
Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist
Wen-Hsiung Li, Taiwanese molecular evolutionary biologist
Emmanuel Liais (1826–1900), French botanist
Martin Lichtenstein (1780–1867), German zoologist
John Lightfoot (1735–1788), English conchologist and botanist
David R. Lindberg, American malacologist and biologist
Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist
John Lindley (1799–1865), English botanist
Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1850), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Link)
Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial nomenclature system (abbr L. or Linn.)
Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), German-American biologist
Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915), German biologist
Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989), Austrian founder of ethology
Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist
John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843), English botanist
James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the Gaia hypothesis
Percy Lowe (1870–1948), English ornithologist
Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801–1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist
Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner
Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher
André Lwoff (1902–1994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Lydekker (1849–1915), English naturalist
Trofim Lysenko (1898–1976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. His denouncement of genetics became known as Lysenkoism.

M

Ma-Mi

Jules François Mabille (1831–1904), French malacologist
John Macadam (1827–1865), Scottish-born Australian botanist
John M. MacDougal (born 1954), American botanist
William MacGillivray (1796–1852), Scottish naturalist
Eileen McLaughlin NZ biologist
Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), Italian anatomist and biologist
Ramon Margalef (1919–2004), Spanish-Catalan biologist and ecologist
Leo Margolis (1927–1997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist
Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist
Alberto della Marmora (1789–1863), Italian naturalist
Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899), paleontology
Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
Bruce Marshall (born 1948), New Zealand malacologist
Fermín Martín Piera (1954–2001), Spanish botanist
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868), German botanist
John Martyn (1699–1768), English botanist
Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), English botanist, entomologist and conchologist
John Marwick (1891–1978), New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist
Teresa Maryańska, Poland, paleontologist specializing in dinosaurs
Ruth Mason (1913-1990), New Zealand botanist
Francis Masson (1741 – c. 1805), Scottish botanist
Gregory Mathews (1876–1949), Australian ornithologist
Paul Matschie (1861–1926), German zoologist
William Diller Matthew (1871–1930), American paleontologist
Polly Matzinger, American immunologist
Carl Maximowicz (1827–1891), Russian botanist
Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877–1925), English entomologist
Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physicist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005
Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist
Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American biologist, winner of a Nobel Prize for her work on the transposon, or "jumping gene"
James V. McConnell (1925–1990), American biological psychologist
Mark McMenamin (born 1958), American paleontologist
Bruce McEwen, neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert
Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855–1934), English ornithologist
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908
Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845), German entomologist
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
Edouard Menetries (1802–1861), French entomologist
Maud Leonora Menten, biologist
Archibald Menzies (1754–1852), Scottish naturalist
Clinton Hart Merriam (1855–1942), American zoologist and ornithologist
John C. Merriam (1869–1945), American biologist
Don Merton (1939-2011), New Zealand conservationist
Franz Meyen (1804–1840), German botanist
Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee (1901–1984), American ornithologist
Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951), German/American physician and biochemist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on muscles
Leonor Michaelis (1875–1949), German biologist
André Michaux (1746–1802), French botanist
Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf (1815–1894), Russian zoologist
Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai (1846–1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr. (1869–1956), American zoologist.
Jacques Miller (born 1931), Australian immunologist.
John Frederick Miller (1759–1796), English illustrator (primarily of botany)
Kenneth R. Miller (born 1948), American evolutionary biologist.
Philip Miller (1691–1771), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany: Mill.)
Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900), French zoologist
Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885), French zoologist
George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900), English biologist

Mo-Mu

Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), German botanist
Paul Möhring (1710–1792), German naturalist
Juan Ignacio Molina (1740–1829), Chilean naturalist
Brian Molloy (born 1930), New Zealand botanist
Pérrine Moncrieff (1893-1979), New Zealand ornithologist
Jacques Monod (1910–1976), geneticist
George Montagu (1753–1815), English naturalist
Luc Montagnier (born 1932), French discoverer of HIV
Rita Levi-Montalcini (born 1909), Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her co-discovery of growth factors
Tommaso di Maria Allery Monterosato (1841–1927), Italian malacologist
Pierre Dénys de Montfort (1766–1820), French naturalist
George Thomas Moore (1871–1956), American botanist
Alfred Moquin-Tandon (1804–1863), French naturalist
Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch (1828–1878), malacologist
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1868–1945), American geneticist. He worked on the natural history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly Drosophila
Mary Morgan-Richards, New Zealand evolutionary biologist
Desmond Morris (born 1928), British zoologist and biologist
Roger Morse (1927–2000), professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping
Guy Mountfort (1905–2003), English ornithologist
Ladislav Mucina (born 1956), Slovakian botanist
Ferdinand von Mueller (1825–1896), German-Australian botanist
John Muir (1838–1914), American naturalist
Otto Friedrich Müller (1730–1784), Danish naturalist (abbr. in botany: O.F.Müll.)
Fritz Müller (1821–1897), German-Brazilian naturalist (abbr. in botany: F.J.Müll.)
Hermann Müller (Thurgau) (1850–1927), Swiss botanist and oenologist
Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller (1725–1776), German zoologist
Salomon Muller (1804–1864), Dutch naturalist
Kary Mullis (born 1944), biologist
Otto von Münchhausen (1716–1774), German botanist
John Murray (1841–1914), Scots-Canadian Marine Biologist

N

Gary Paul Nabhan (born 1952), co-author of Forgotten Pollinators
Karl Wilhelm von Nageli (1817–1891), Swiss botanist
Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857), German founder of scientific ornithology
John Needham (1713–1781), English naturalist
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858), German botanist and zoologist
Masatoshi Nei, American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist
Wendy Nelson New Zealand phycologist
Randolph M. Nesse (born 1945), American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist
Charles F. Newcombe (1851–1924), British botanist
Frank Newhook (1918-1999), New Zealand plant pathologist
Alfred Newton (1829–1907), English zoologist
Margaret Morse Nice (1883–1974), American ornithologist
Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), British zoologist
Elmer Noble (1909–2001), American parasitologist
Alfred Merle Norman (1831–1918), English clergyman and naturalist
Alfred John North (1855–1917), Australian ornithologist
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), German biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner
Thomas Nuttall (1786–1858), English botanist and zoologist

O

Nils Hjalmar Odhner (1884–1973), Swedish zoologist
Eugene P. Odum (1913–2002), American ecologist
Howard T. Odum (1924–2002), American ecologist
Anders Sandoe Oersted (1816–1872), Danish botanist (abbr. in botany: Oerst.)
William Ogilby (1808–1873), Irish naturalist
William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863–1924), Scottish ornithologist
Sergey Ognev (1886–1951), Russian zoologist
Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist
Lorenz Oken (1779–1851), German naturalist
Giuseppe Olivi (1769–1795), Italian naturalist
Mark A. O'Neill, British biologist and computer scientist
Aleksandr Oparin (1894–1980), Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his work on the origin of life
Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857), French naturalist
George Ord (1781–1866), American ornithologist
Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828–1901), English entomologist
Edward Latham Ormerod (1819–1873), FRS, English physician and entomologist
Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857–1935), eugenicist, AMNH curator
William Charles Osman Hill (1901–1975), British anatomist, primatologist, and a leading authority on primate anatomy during the 20th century
Halszka Osmólska (1930–2008), Polish paleontologist specializing in dinosaurs
Emile Oustalet (1844–1905), French zoologist
Richard Owen (1804–1892), biologist of nebres(triztan) organisms

P

George Emil Palade (born 1912), Romanian-American biologist, discoverer of ribosomes, Nobel Prize
Paul Maurice Pallary (1869–1942), French-Algerian malacologist
Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), Russian zoologist
Edward Palmer (1829–1911), British botanist
Josif Pancic (1814–1888), Serbian botanist
Paracelsus (1493–1541), German alchemist
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), French biochemist
William Paterson (1755–1810), British botanist and explorer
Robert Patterson (1802–1872), Irish naturalist
Daniel Pauly (born 1946), French marine biologist
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered conditioning, won the Nobel Prize for his research on the digestive system
Titian Peale (1799–1885), American naturalist
Louise Pearce (1885–1959), American pathologist
Donald C. Peattie (1898–1964), American botanist
Eva J. Pell (born 1948), American plant pathologist
Paul Pelseneer (1863–1945), Belgian malacologist
Jean-Marie Pelt (born 1933), French botanist
Thomas Pennant (1726–1798), Welsh naturalist and antiquary
David Penny (born 1939), New Zealand evolutionary biologist and geneticist
Henri Perrier de la Bâthie (1873–1958), French botanist
George Perry (naturalist), 19th century English naturalist
Christian Hendrik Persoon (1761–1836), biologist
Paul Petard (1912–1980), French botanist
Wilhelm Peters (1815–1883), German naturalist
Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, German physician, botanist and conchologist
Rodolfo Amando Philippi (1808–1904), German-Chilean zoologist
Constantine John Phipps (1744–1792), English explorer
David Andrew Phoenix, (born 1966), Biochemist
Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1860–?), English entomologist
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1828–1917), English entomologist, uncle of above
Charles Pickering (1805–1878), American naturalist
Cándido Bolívar Pieltain (1897–1976), Spanish naturalist
Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1862–1957), American zoologist, malacologist
Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), American biologist and co-inventor of the contraceptive pill
Ronald Plasterk, (born 1957), Dutch molecular biologist, columnist and politician
Pliny the Elder (23–79), Roman natural philosopher
Reginald Innes Pocock (1863–1947), British taxonomist (mammals and arachnids)
Felipe Poey (1799–1891), Cuban zoologist
Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779–1851), American botanist
Henry de Puyjalon (1841–1905), Canadian ecologist and biologist
Giuseppe Saverio Poli (1746–1825), Italian physicist, biologist and natural historian
Winston Ponder (born 1941), New Zealand malacologist
Arthur William Baden Powell (1901–1987), New Zealand malacologist and paleontologist
Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford (1833–1896), English ornithologist
Karel Presl (1794–1852), Bohemian botanist
Alice Pruvot-Fol (1873–1972), French malacologist
Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787–1869), Czech anatomist and physiologist
Frederick Traugott Pursh (1774–1820), German-American botanist
Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist
Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839–1888), Russian explorer

Q

Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau (1810–1892), French naturalist
Jean René Constant Quoy (1790–1869), French zoologist

R

Gustav Radde (1831–1903), German naturalist
Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781–1826), British founder/first president of the Zoological Society of London
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840), French naturalist who described many North American species
Émile Louis Ragonot (1843–1895), French entomologist
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.
Edward Pierson Ramsay (1842–1916), Australian ornithologist
Austin L. Rand (1905–1982), Canadian zoologist
Suresh Rattan (born 1955), Indian biogerontologist
John Ray (1627–1705), English naturalist
Francesco Redi (1626–1697), Italian physician known for his experiment in 1668 which is regarded as one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis
Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814–1865), English conchologist
Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823–1889), German orchidologist (abbr. in botany: Rchb. f.)
Ludwig Reichenbach (1793–1879), German botanist and ornithologist (abbr. in botany: Rchb.)
Anton Reichenow (1847–1941), German ornithologist
Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773–1854), Dutch botanist
Bernhard Rensch (1900–1990), German biologist
Ralf Reski (born 1958), German botanist and biotechnologist, developed Physcomitrella as model organism
Achille Richard (1794–1852), French botanist (abbr. in botany: A. Rich)
Jean Michel Claude Richard (1787–1868), noted French botanist and plant collector (abbr. in botany: J.M.C.Rich.)
Louis Claude Richard (1754–1821), French botanist (abbr. in botany: Rich.)
Olivier Jules Richard (1836–1896), French lichenologist (abbr. in botany: O.J.Rich.)
John Richardson (1787–1865), Scottish naturalist (abbr. in botany: Richardson)
Charles Richet (1850–1935), French physiologist, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of anaphylaxis
Charles Wallace Richmond (1868–1932), American ornithologist
Robert Ridgway (1850–1929), American ornithologist
Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956), British botanist (abbr. in botany: Ridl.)
Christina Riesselman American paleoceanographer
Austin Roberts (1883–1948), South African zoologist
Harold E. Robinson (born 1932), American botanist and entomologist
Maurício Rocha e Silva (1910–1983), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
Martin Rodbell (1925–1998), biologist
Peter Friedrich Röding (1767–1846), German malacologist
George Romanes (1848–1894), Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of comparative psychology
Alfred Romer (1894–1973), specialist in vertebrate paleontology
Robert Rosen (1934–1998), theoretical biologist
Joel Rosenbaum (born 1933), cell biologist at Yale University
Harald Rosenthal (born 1937), German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology
Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005), British entomologist
Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (1868–1937), British zoologist
Joan Roughgarden (born 1946), American ecologist and evolutionary biologist
William Roxburgh (1759–1815), Scottish botanist
Adriaan van Royen (1704–1779), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany: Royen)
Karl Rudolphi (1771–1832), German physiologist
Eduard Rüppell (1794–1884), German naturalist

S

Sa-So

Joseph Sabine (1770–1837), English naturalist
Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), German botanist
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844), French naturalist
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861), French zoologist
Carl Ulisses von Salis-Marschlins (1762–1818), Swiss naturalist interested in botany, entomology, and conchology
Edward James Salisbury (1886–1978), British botanist
Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829), British botanist
Jonas Salk (1914–1995), American biologist, inventor of polio vaccine
Robert Sapolsky (born 1957), American neuroscientist
Georg Ossian Sars (1837–1927), Norwegian marine biologist
Michael Sars (1809–1869), Norwegian taxonomist
Konstantin Satunin (1863–1915), Russian zoologist
William Saunders (1822–1900), American botanist
Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799), Swiss naturalist
Marie Jules César Savigny (1777–1851), French zoologist
Thomas Say (1787–1843), American naturalist
George Schaller (born 1933), American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field biologist of the 20th century
Friedrich Schlechter (1872–1925), German botanist
Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884), German ornithologist
Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804–1881), German co-founder of the cell theory
George Schoener (1864–1941), German-American botanist
Johann David Schoepf (1752–1800), German botanist and zoologist
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794–1865), German botanist
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739–1810), German naturalist
Leopold von Schrenck (1826–1894), Russo-German zoologist
Charles Schuchert (1858–1942), paleontologist
Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), German physiologist
Neena Schwartz (born 1926), American endocrinologist
Georg August Schweinfurth (1836–1925), German botanist
Philip Sclater (1829–1913), English zoologist
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788), Italian-Austrian naturalist
Henry Seebohm (1832–1895), English ornithologist
Prideaux John Selby (1788–1867), English botanist and ornithologist
Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov (1827–1885), Russian naturalist
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847–1909), English zoologist
George Shaw (1751–1813), English botanist and zoologist
George Ernest Shelley (1840–1910), English ornithologist
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1922), British physiologist and neuroscientist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866), German botanist
George Gaylord Simpson (1902–1984), American paleontologist
Rolf Singer (1906–1994), German born mycologist
Liz Slooten New Zealand zoologist
John Kunkel Small (1869–1938), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Small)
Andrew Smith (1797–1872), Scottish zoologist
Edgar Albert Smith (1847–1916), British zoologist and conchologist
Frederick Smith (1805–1879), British entomologist
James Edward Smith (1759–1828), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Sm.)
Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867–1947), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany: J.J.Sm.)
James Leonard Brierley Smith (1897–1968), South African ichthyologist
John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), biologist
John Otterbein Snyder (1867–1943), American zoologist
Solomon H. Snyder (born 1938), American neuroscientist, co-discovered endorphins
Daniel Solander (1733–1782), Swedish botanist
Louis François Auguste Souleyet (1811–1852), French zoologist

Sp-Sy

Douglas Spalding (c1840–1877), English biologist, discovered imprinting and conducted some of the earliest research on animal behavior
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799), Italian biologist
Anders Sparrman (1748–1820), Swedish naturalist
Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929), English biologist and anthropologist
Roger W. Sperry (1913–1994), American neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his split-brain research
Maximilian Spinola (1780–1857), entomologist
Johann Baptist von Spix (1781–1826), German naturalist
Herman Spoering (1733–1771), Finnish botanist
Kurt Sprengel (1766–1833), German botanist
Stewart Springer (1906–1991), American ichthyologist noted for expertise in shark classification, behavior, and distribution of species
Richard Spruce (1817–1893), English botanist
Agustin Stahl (1842–1917), Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist
Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (1775–1851), English naturalist
Japetus Steenstrup (1813–1897), Danish zoologist
Franz Steindachner (1834–1919), Austrian zoologist
Leonhard Hess Stejneger (1851–1943), Norwegian zoologist
Georg Wilhelm Steller (1709–1746), Russian ornithologist
James Francis Stephens (1792–1853), English zoologist
Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761–1838), Bohemian botanist
Karl Stetter (born 1941), German microbiologist
Nettie Maria Stevens (1861–1912), American biologist
Edward Charles Stirling (1848–1919), Australian anthropologist
Gerald Stokell (1890–1972), New Zealand horticulturist and ichthyologist
Witmer Stone (1866–1939), American ornithologist, botanist, and mammalogist
Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (1749–1821), German naturalist
Vida Stout (1930-2012), New Zealand limnologist
Eduard Strasburger (1844–1912), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Strasb.)
Erwin Stresemann (1889–1972), German ornithologist
John Struthers (1823–1899), Scottish anatomist
Samuel Stutchbury (1798–1859), English naturalist and geologist
Richard Summerbell (born 1956), Canadian mycologist
Carl Jakob Sundevall (1801–1875), Swedish zoologist
Mriganka Sur (born 1953), Indian cognitive neuroscientist specializing in neuroplasticity
Henry Suter (1841–1918), New Zealand zoologist, naturalist and palaeontologist
Mary Sutherland (1893-1955), New Zealand botanist
William John Swainson (1789–1855), English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist and artist
Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680), Dutch biologist and microscopist
Olof Swartz (1760–1816), Swedish botanist (abbr. in botany: Sw.)
Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), English naturalist
Colonel W. H. Sykes (1790–1872), English ornithologist

T

Wladyslaw Taczanowski (1819–1890), Polish zoologist
Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), Russian botanist
Diana Temple (1925-2006), Australian pharmacologist
Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (1754–1803), Swedish naturalist
Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858), Dutch zoologist
Theophrastus (372 BC – 287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, popularizer of science
Johannes Thiele (1860–1935), German zoologist and malacologist
Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (1858–1929), British zoologist
Charles Wyville Thompson (1832–1882), Scottish marine biologist
William Thompson (1805–1852), Irish ornithologist and naturalist
Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (1758–1831), French botanist
Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist
Samuel Tickell (1811–1875), British ornithologist
Niko Tinbergen (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist
Agostino Todaro (1818–1892), Italian botanist
Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
John Torrey (1796–1873), American botanist, first professional in New World
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), French botanist
John Kirk Townsend (1809–1851), American ornithologist
Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), Scottish doctor and naturalist
Abraham Trembley (1710–1784), Swiss naturalist
Melchior Treub (1851–1910), Dutch botanist
Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906), English ornithologist
Robert Trivers (born 1943), evolutionary biologist
Édouard Louis Trouessart (1842–1927), French naturalist
Frederick W. True (1858–1914), American naturalist
George Washington Tryon Jr. (1838–1888), American malacologist
Bernard Tucker (1901–1950), English ornithologist
Edward Tuckerman (1817–1886), American botanist
Endel Tulving (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in episodic memory
Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–1790), English ornithologist
Ruth Turner (1915–2000), marine biologist
William Turton (1762–1835), British naturalist

U

Jakob von Uexküll (1864–1944), Estonian biologist, founder of biosemiotics

V

Martin Vahl (1749–1804), Norwegian botanist
Sebastien Vaillant (1669–1722), French botanist
Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865), French zoologist
Francisco Varela (1946–2001), Chilean biologist
Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943), Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism
Damodaran M. Vasudevan (born 1942), Indian physician, immunologist and educationist
Craig Venter (born 1946), American biologist and businessman
Edouard Verreaux (1810–1868), French naturalist
Jules Verreaux (1807–1873), French botanist and ornithologist
Addison Emery Verrill (1839–1926), American zoologist
Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748–1831), French ornithologist
Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785–1840), Irish zoologist
Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), German biologist and pathologist, founder of cell theory
Oswaldo Vital Brazil (1865–1950), Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several antivenoms against snake, scorpion and spider bites
Bert Vogelstein (born 1949), American geneticist
Karel Voous (1920–2002), Dutch ornithologist
Mary Voytek, American biogeochemist and microbial ecologist
Hugo de Vries (1848–1935), Dutch botanist

W

Frans de Waal (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist
Coslett Herbert Waddell (1858–1919), Irish botanist
Jeremy Wade (born 1960) Writer and TV presenter with a special interest in rivers and freshwater fish.
Amy Wagers, biologist, stem cell and regenerative biology
Johann Georg Wagler (1800–1832), German herpetologist
Warren H. Wagner (1920–2000), American botanist
Göran Wahlenberg (1780–1851), Swedish naturalist
Selman Waksman (1888–1973), American biochemist, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on antibiotics
Charles Athanase Walckenaer (1771–1852), French entomologist
George Wald (1906–1997), American biologist, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on visual perception
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), British naturalist and biologist
Nathaniel Wallich (1786–1854), Danish botanist
Benjamin Dann Walsh (1808–1869), American entomologist
William Grey Walter (1910–1977), American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography
Deepal Warakagoda (born 1965), Sri Lankan ornithologist
J. Robin Warren (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
Charles Waterton (1782–1865), English naturalist
James D. Watson (born 1928), Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule
Philip Barker Webb (1793–1854), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Webb)
Hugh Algernon Weddell (1819–1877), English botanist (abbr. in botany: Wedd.)
Robert Weinberg (born 1942), American cancer biologist
August Weismann (1834–1914), German biologist
Friedrich Welwitsch (1806–1872), Austrian botanist
Karl Wernicke (1848–1905), German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered Wernicke's area
Victor Westhoff (1916–2001), Dutch botanist
Alexander Wetmore (1886–1978), American ornithologist
William Morton Wheeler (1865–1937), American entomologist and myrmecologist
Gilbert White (1720–1795), English naturalist
John White (c. 1756–1832), English botanist
Robert Wiedersheim (1848–1923), German anatomist.
Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782–1867), German explorer and biologist.
Hans Wiehler (1930–2003), American botanist (abbr. in botany: Wiehler)
Eric F. Wieschaus (born 1947), American developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner
Torsten Wiesel (born 1924), Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on information processing in the visual system
Joan Wiffen (1922-2009), New Zealand paleontologist
Siouxsie Wiles, New Zealand microbiologist
Charles Wilkes (1798–1877), American explorer and naturalist
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812), German botanist and pharmacist (abbr. in botany: Willd.)
George C. Williams (born 1926), American evolutionary biologist, credited with introducing the gene-centric view of evolution
Mark Williamson, British biologist
Francis Willughby (1635–1672), English ornithologist and ichthyologist
Alexander Wilson (1766–1813), Scottish-American ornithologist
David Sloan Wilson (born 1949), American evolutionary biologist
E. A. Wilson (1872–1912), English naturalist
Edward O. Wilson (born 1929), American entomologist and father of sociobiology, two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize
Sergei Winogradsky (1856–1953), Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of life concept and discovered the biological process of nitrification
Caspar Wistar (1761–1818), American anatomist and physician. The genus Wisteria is named after him
Henry Witherby (1873–1943), British ornithologist
William Withering (1741–1799), English botanist
Carl Woese (1928–2012), American microbiologist, identified the Archaea, a major division of organisms
Felisa Wolfe-Simon, American biogeochemist and microbial geobiologist
Wong Siew Te (born 1969), Malaysian zoologist and Sun Bear expert
Flossie Wong-Staal (born 1947), American virologist
Sewall Wright (1889–1988), American geneticist, co-founder of population genetics
V. C. Wynne-Edwards (1906–1997), Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis of group selection in evolution

X

John Xantus de Vesey (1825–1894), American zoologist

Y

William Yarrell (1784–1856), English naturalist

Z

Floyd Zaiger (born 1926), fruit geneticist
Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (1743–1815), German zoologist
Karl Alfred von Zittel (1839–1904), German palaeontologist
Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848), German botanist
Margarete Zuelzer (1877–1944), German biologist and zoologist