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Hendrik Lorentz

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
Born(1853-07-18)18 July 1853
Died4 February 1928(1928-02-04) (aged 74)
Haarlem, Netherlands
NationalityNetherlands
Alma materUniversity of Leiden
Known forLorentz transformation
Theory of EM radiation
Lorentz force
Lorentz contraction
AwardsNobel Prize for Physics (1902)
Rumford Medal (1908)
Franklin Medal (1917)
Copley Medal (1918)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
Doctoral advisorPieter Rijke
Doctoral studentsGeertruida L. de Haas-Lorentz
Adriaan Fokker
Leonard Ornstein
Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist. In 1902, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations that were later used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time.

Biography

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Early life

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Hendrik Lorentz was born in Arnhem, Gelderland (The Netherlands), the son of Gerrit Frederik Lorentz (1822–1893). In 1862, after his mother's death, his father married Luberta Hupkes.

Lorentz and special relativity

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Albert Einstein and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, photographed by Ehrenfest in front of his home in Leiden in 1921.

In 1905, Einstein would use many of the concepts to write his paper entitled "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies",[1] known today as the theory of special relativity. Because Lorentz laid the fundamentals for the work by Einstein, this theory was originally called the Lorentz-Einstein theory.[2]

Lorentz and general relativity

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Lorentz was one of few scientists who supported Einstein's search for general relativity from the beginning – he wrote several research papers and discussed with Einstein personally and by letter.[3] For instance, he attempted to combine Einstein's formalism with Hamilton's principle (1915).

In January 1928, Lorentz became seriously ill, and died shortly after on February 4.[4]

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References

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  1. Einstein, Albert (1905), "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (PDF), Annalen der Physik, 322 (10): 891–921, Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E, doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004. See also: English translation.
  2. Miller, Arthur I. (1981). Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. Emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905–1911). Reading: Addison–Wesley. ISBN 0-201-04679-2.
  3. Kox, A.J. (1993). "Einstein, Lorentz, Leiden and general relativity". Class. Quantum Grav. 10: S187–S191. Bibcode:1993CQGra..10S.187K. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/10/S/020. S2CID 250884975.
  4. Kox, Anne J. (2011). "Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (in Dutch)". Nederlands Tijdschirft voor Natuurkunde. 77 (12): 441.

Other websites

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