Andrei Rublev
Andrei Rublev | |
|---|---|
 Rublev on 1961 anniversary stamp | |
| Venerable Father (Prepodobne), Monk and Iconographer | |
| Born | c. 1360 |
| Died | c. 1430 Andronikov Monastery, Moscow |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | 6 June 1988, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius by 1988 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, |
| Feast | 29 January, 13 June, 4 July, 6 July, 22 August |
| Attributes | Clothed as an Orthodox monk, often shown holding an icon |
Andrei Rublev (Russian: Андрей Рублёв, romanized: Andrey Rublyov,[1] IPA: [ɐnˈdrʲej rʊˈblʲɵf] (
listen); c. 1360 – c. 1430)[2][3] was a Russian artist. He is thought to be one of the best medieval Russian painters of Orthodox Christian icons and frescoes. He is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is 29 January.[4]
Early life
[change | change source]There is little information about his life. It is not known where he was born. He probably lived in the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, near Moscow. The first mention of Rublev is in 1405. At this time, he had decorated icons and frescos for the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Moscow Kremlin.
Career
[change | change source]In 1408, he probably painted the Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir. He also painted the Trinity Cathedral in the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius between 1425 and 1427. Andrei's last work was in Moscow's Andronikov Monastery. Here, he painted the frescoes of the Saviour Cathedral. He is also thought to have painted one of the miniatures in the Khitrovo Gospels.
The only work that we known Andre painted is the icon of the Trinity (c. 1410).[5] It is based on the "Hospitality of Abraham" (which showed Genesis 18). Rublev removed the figures of Abraham and Sarah from the scene. He also changed the subject of the painting to be the Mystery of the Trinity.
Death and legacy
[change | change source]Rublev died at Andronikov Monastery between 1427 and 1430. Rublev's work influenced many artists including Dionisy. The Stoglavi Sobor (1551) made Rublev's style popular for church painting. Since 1959, the Andrei Rublev Museum at the Andronikov Monastery has shown his and related art.
The Russian Orthodox Church canonized Rublev as a saint in 1988. His feast day is on 29 January[6] and/or on 4 July.[6][7][8]
In 1966, Andrei Tarkovsky made the film Andrei Rublev. This movie is based on his life.[9]
Veneration
[change | change source]- 29 January – commemoration of his death anniversary (Greek Orthodox Church)[10][11]
- 12/13 June – feast day, Synaxis of All of Andronikov Monastery (with Andronicus, Sabbas, Alexander, Abbots of Moscow and Daniel the Black, the icon painter)[12]
- 4 July – main feast day from the list of "Russian saints of Moscow and Vladimir" by Nikodim (Kononov),
- 6 July – Synaxis of All Saints of Radonezh
- Synaxis of all saints of Moscow – movable holiday on the Sunday before 26 August (ROC)[13]
Selected works
[change | change source]-
-
Baptism of Jesus, 1405 (Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow) -
Annunciation, 1405 (Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow) -
Version of the Theotokos of Vladimir, c. 1405 -
-
St. Gabriel, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) -
St. Andrew the First-called, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) -
St. Gregory the Theologian, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) -
Theotokos from Deësis, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) Some think this may be the work of Theophanes the Greek -
St. John the Theologian, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) -
St. John the Baptist, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) -
The Saviour Enthroned in Glory, Christ in Majesty, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) -
Harrowing of Hell, 1408-1410 (Vladimir) -
-
Ascension, 1408 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) -
Apostle Paul, 1410s (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
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References
[change | change source]- ↑ The Getty Union Artist Name List prefers "Rublyov", but "Rublev" is more commonly found.
- ↑ The concise encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Chichester: Wiley. 2014. p. 403. ISBN 9781118759332.
- ↑ "Venerable Andrew Rublev the Iconographer". www.oca.org.
- ↑ "Orthodox Calendar. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, a parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow". HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, a parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ↑ "Ukraine war: Holy Trinity painting on display in Moscow". BBC News. 2023-06-05. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Saint Herman Calendar 2006. Platina CA: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood. 2006. pp. 12, 56.
- ↑ "Главная". fond.ru. Archived from the original on July 21, 2006.
- ↑ "Moscow Patriarchate Glorifies Saints", Orthodox America, vol. IX, no. 82, August 1988, archived from the original on 2008-07-05, retrieved 2008-03-16
- ↑ Hoberman, Jim. "Andrei Rublev". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ↑ "January 29, 2015. + Orthodox Calendar". orthochristian.com. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
- ↑ "Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής :: Άγιος Ανδρέας Ρουμπλιόβ ο Εικονογράφος". www.saint.gr. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
- ↑ "АНДРЕЙ РУБЛЁВ". www.pravenc.ru. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
- ↑ "АНДРЕЙ РУБЛЕВ - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-07-16.
Sources
[change | change source]- Andrei Rublev, a 1966 film by Andrei Tarkovsky loosely based on the painter's life.
- Mikhail V. Alpatov, Andrey Rublev, Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1972.
- Gabriel Bunge, The Rublev Trinity, transl. Andrew Louth, St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, Crestwood, New York, 2007.
- Sergius Golubtsov, Voplosh’enie bogoslovskih idey v tvorchestve prepodobnogo Andreya Rubleva [The realization of theological ideas in creative works of Andrey Rublev]. Bogoslovskie trudy 22, 20–40, 1981.
- Troitca Andreya Rubleva [The Trinity of Andrey Rublev], Gerold I. Vzdornov (ed.), Moscow: Iskusstvo 1989.
- Viktor N. Lazarev, The Russian Icon: From Its Origins to the Sixteenth Century, Gerold I. Vzdornov (ed.). Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1997.
- Priscilla Hunt, Andrei Rublev's Old Testament Trinity Icon in Cultural Context, The Trinity-Sergius Lavr in Russian History and Culture: Readings in Russian Religious Culture, vol. 3, ed. Deacon Vladimir Tsurikov, (Jordanville, NY: Holy Trinity Seminary Press, 2006), 99-122.(See on-line at phslavic.com)
- Priscilla Hunt, Andrei Rublev's Old Testament Trinity Icon: Problems of Meaning, Intertextuality, and Transmission, Symposion: A Journal of Russian (Religious) Thought, ed. Roy Robson, 7-12 (2002–2007), 15-46 (See on-line at www.phslavic.com)
- Konrad Onasch, Das Problem des Lichtes in der Ikonomalerei Andrej Rublevs. Zur 600–Jahrfeier des grossen russischen Malers, vol. 28. Berlin: Berliner byzantinische Arbeiten, 1962.
- Konrad Onasch, Das Gedankenmodell des byzantisch–slawischen Kirchenbaus. In Tausend Jahre Christentum in Russland, Karl Christian Felmy et al. (eds.), 539–543. Go¨ ttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1988.
- Eugeny N. Trubetskoi, Russkaya ikonopis'. Umozrenie w kraskah. Wopros o smysle vizni w drewnerusskoj religioznoj viwopisi [Russian icon painting. Colourful contemplation. Question of the meaning of life in early Russian religious painting], Moscow: Beliy Gorod, 2003 [1916].
- Georgij Yu. Somov, Semiotic systemity of visual artworks: Case study of The Holy Trinity by Rublev, Semiotica 166 (1/4), 1-79, 2007.
Other websites
[change | change source]- Andrey Rublev Official Web Site
- Rublev at the Russian Art Gallery
- Selected works by Andrei Rublev: icons, frescoes and miniatures
- "The Deesis painted by Andrey Rublev" from the Annunciation Church of the Moscow Kremlin - article by Dr. Oleg G. Uliyanov
- Historical documentation on Andrei Rublev, compiled by Robert Bird
- Venerable Andrew Rublev the Iconographer Orthodox icon and synaxarion