Ranunculales
Ranunculales | |
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Ranunculus repens | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kinrick: | Plantae |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Ranunculales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl[1] |
Faimilies | |
See text |
Ranunculales is an order o flouerin plants. O necessity it contains the faimily Ranunculaceae, the buttercup faimily, because the name o the order is based on the name o a genus in that faimily. Ranunculales belongs tae a paraphyletic group kent as the basal eudicots. It is the maist basal clade in this group; in ether wirds, it is sister tae the remainin eudicots.
Taxonomy
[eedit | eedit soorce]The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group recognized seven faimilies in Ranunculales in their APG III system, published in 2009. In the preceding APG II system, they offered the option o three segregate faimilies as shown below.
- order Ranunculales
- faimily Berberidaceae
- faimily Circaeasteraceae
- [+ faimily Kingdoniaceae ]
- faimily Eupteleaceae
- faimily Lardizabalaceae
- faimily Menispermaceae
- faimily Papaveraceae
- [+ faimily Fumariaceae ]
- [+ faimily Pteridophyllaceae ]
- faimily Ranunculaceae
Note: "+ ..." = optionally separate faimily (that mey be split aff frae the precedin faimily).
Unner this definition, well-kent memmers o Ranunculales include buttercups, clematis, columbines, delphiniums, an poppies.
The Cronquist system (1981) also recognised the order, but placed it in the subclass Magnoliidae, in class Magnoliopsida [= dicotyledons]. It uised this circumscription:
- order Ranunculales
- faimily Ranunculaceae
- faimily Circaeasteraceae
- faimily Berberidaceae
- faimily Sargentodoxaceae
- faimily Lardizabalaceae
- faimily Menispermaceae
- faimily Coriariaceae
- faimily Sabiaceae
In the Cronquist system, the Papaveraceae an Fumariaceae (includin the plants in the optional faimily Pteridophyllaceae) were treatit as a separate order Papaverales, placed in this same subclass Magnoliidae. The Cronquist circumscription o Ranunculales is nou kent tae be polyphyletic. Sabiaceae is in a clade o basal eudicots separate frae Ranunculales. Coriariaceae is now placed in the order Cucurbitales.
A phylogeny o Ranunculales wis published in 2009, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis o DNA sequences. The authors o this paper revised the subfaimilies an tribes o the order.[2]
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ APG 2009.
- ↑ Wei Wang (2009). "Phylogeny and Classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 11 (2): 81–110. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.01.001. Unknown parameter
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