Produs natural

Un produs natural este un compus chimic sau o substanță care este produsă de către un organism viu, în mediul său natural.^[2]^[3] Cu alte cuvinte, în categoria produșilor naturali se regăsesc toate substanțele produse de viață.^[4]^[5] Produșii naturali care au fost identificați pot fi sintetizați prin sinteză chimică (atât prin semisinteză, cât și prin sinteză totală).

Definire

Definirea produșilor naturali variază în funcție de domeniul de interes. În contextul chimiei organice, sunt denumiți produși naturali doar compușii organici purificați izolați din surse naturale, fiind obținuți ca urmare a unor căi metabolice (deci sunt metaboliți primari sau secundari).^[6] Din punctul de vedere al chimiei farmaceutice, termenul se referă mai strict la metaboliții secundari de interes farmaceutic și medical.^[7]^[8] Metaboliții secundari nu sunt esențiali supraviețuirii, însă oferă organismului care îi biosintetizează un anumit avantaj evolutiv.^[9]

Funcții

Biosinteză

Note

^ Cutler S, Cutler HG (2000). Biologically Active Natural Products: Pharmaceuticals. CRC Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8493-1887-0.
^ Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913). „Natural product”. Free Online Dictionary and C. & G. Merriam Co. A chemical substance produced by a living organism; - a term used commonly in reference to chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects. Such a substance is considered a natural product even if it can be prepared by total synthesis.
^ „All natural”. Nature Chemical Biology. 3 (7): 351. iulie 2007. doi:10.1038/nchembio0707-351. PMID 17576412. The simplest definition for a natural product is a small molecule that is produced by a biological source.
^ Samuelson G (1999). Drugs of Natural Origin: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 9789186274818.
^ National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (13 iulie 2013). „Natural Products Research—Information for Researchers | NCCIH”. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Natural products include a large and diverse group of substances from a variety of sources. They are produced by marine organisms, bacteria, fungi, and plants. The term encompasses complex extracts from these producers, but also the isolated compounds derived from those extracts. It also includes vitamins, minerals and probiotics.
^ Hanson JR (2003). Natural Products: the Secondary Metabolite. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-490-6. Natural products are organic compounds that are formed by living systems.
^ „Natural Products”. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Arhivat din original la 3 august 2016. Accesat în 7 iulie 2019. Natural products: naturally occurring compounds that are end products of secondary metabolism; often, they are unique compounds for particular organisms or classes of organisms.
^ Williams DA, Lemke TL (2002). „Chapter 1: Natural Products”. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (ed. 5th). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. p. 25. ISBN 0-683-30737-1. Natural product: A single chemical compound that occurs naturally. This term is typically used to refer to an organic compound of limited distribution in nature (often called secondary metabolites).
^ Maplestone RA, Stone MJ, Williams DH (iunie 1992). „The evolutionary role of secondary metabolites--a review”. Gene. 115 (1–2): 151–7. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90553-2. PMID 1612430.

Vezi și

Farmacognozie

[CRC_Press-1] Cutler S, Cutler HG (2000). Biologically Active Natural Products: Pharmaceuticals. CRC Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8493-1887-0.

[url_Natural_product_Webster-2] Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913). „Natural product”. Free Online Dictionary and C. & G. Merriam Co. A chemical substance produced by a living organism; - a term used commonly in reference to chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects. Such a substance is considered a natural product even if it can be prepared by total synthesis.

[pmid17576412-3] „All natural”. Nature Chemical Biology. 3 (7): 351. iulie 2007. doi:10.1038/nchembio0707-351. PMID 17576412. The simplest definition for a natural product is a small molecule that is produced by a biological source.

[Samuelson_1999-4] Samuelson G (1999). Drugs of Natural Origin: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Taylor & Francis Ltd. ISBN 9789186274818.

[urlNatural_Products_Research—Information_for_Researchers_|_NCCAM-5] National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (13 iulie 2013). „Natural Products Research—Information for Researchers | NCCIH”. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Natural products include a large and diverse group of substances from a variety of sources. They are produced by marine organisms, bacteria, fungi, and plants. The term encompasses complex extracts from these producers, but also the isolated compounds derived from those extracts. It also includes vitamins, minerals and probiotics.

[Hanson_2003-6] Hanson JR (2003). Natural Products: the Secondary Metabolite. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-490-6. Natural products are organic compounds that are formed by living systems.

[7] „Natural Products”. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Arhivat din original la 3 august 2016. Accesat în 7 iulie 2019. Natural products: naturally occurring compounds that are end products of secondary metabolism; often, they are unique compounds for particular organisms or classes of organisms.

[8] Williams DA, Lemke TL (2002). „Chapter 1: Natural Products”. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (ed. 5th). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. p. 25. ISBN 0-683-30737-1. Natural product: A single chemical compound that occurs naturally. This term is typically used to refer to an organic compound of limited distribution in nature (often called secondary metabolites).

[pmid1612430-9] Maplestone RA, Stone MJ, Williams DH (iunie 1992). „The evolutionary role of secondary metabolites--a review”. Gene. 115 (1–2): 151–7. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90553-2. PMID 1612430.

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