ws

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Published: Jan 24, 2018 License: MIT Imports: 24 Imported by: 0

README

ws

GoDoc Travis

RFC6455 WebSocket implementation in Go.

Features

  • Zero-copy upgrade
  • No intermediate allocations during I/O
  • Low-level API which allows to build your own logic of packet handling and buffers reuse
  • High-level wrappers and helpers around API in wsutil package, which allow to start fast without digging the protocol internals

Documentation

GoDoc.

Why

Existing WebSocket implementations do not allow users to reuse I/O buffers between connections in clear way. This library aims to export efficient low-level interface for working with the protocol without forcing only one way it could be used.

By the way, if you want get the higher-level tools, you can use wsutil sub-package.

Status

This implementation of RFC6455 passes Autobahn Test Suite and currently has 71.6% coverage (see example/autobahn folder for details).

The library is not tagged as v1.0.0 yet so it can be broken during some improvements or refactoring.

Examples

Example applications using ws are developed in separate repository ws-examples.

Usage

The higher-level example of WebSocket echo server:

package main

import (
	"net/http"

	"github.com/gobwas/ws"
	"github.com/gobwas/ws/wsutil"
)

func main() {
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		conn, _, _, err := ws.UpgradeHTTP(r, w, nil)
		if err != nil {
			// handle error
		}

		go func() {
			defer conn.Close()

			for {
				msg, op, err := wsutil.ReadClientData(conn)
				if err != nil {
					// handle error
				}
				err = wsutil.WriteServerMessage(conn, op, msg)
				if err != nil {
					// handle error
				}
			}
		}()
	}))
}

Lower-level, but still high-level example:

import (
	"net/http"
	"io"

	"github.com/gobwas/ws"
	"github.com/gobwas/ws/wsutil"
)

func main() {
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		conn, _, _, err := ws.UpgradeHTTP(r, w, nil)
		if err != nil {
			// handle error
		}

		go func() {
			defer conn.Close()

			var (
				state  = ws.StateServerSide
				reader = wsutil.NewReader(conn, state)
				writer = wsutil.NewWriter(conn, state, ws.OpText)
			)
			for {
				header, err := reader.NextFrame()
				if err != nil {
					// handle error
				}

				// Reset writer to write frame with right operation code.
				writer.Reset(conn, state, header.OpCode)

				if _, err = io.Copy(writer, reader); err != nil {
					// handle error
				}

				if err = writer.Flush(); err != nil {
					// handle error
				}
			}
		}()
	}))
}

The lower-level example without wsutil:

package main

import (
	"net"
	"io"

	"github.com/gobwas/ws"
)

func main() {
	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	for {
		conn, err := ln.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			// handle error
		}
		_, err = ws.Upgrade(conn)
		if err != nil {
			// handle error
		}

		go func() {
			defer conn.Close()

			for {
				header, err := ws.ReadHeader(conn)
				if err != nil {
					// handle error
				}

				payload := make([]byte, header.Length)
				_, err = io.ReadFull(conn, payload)
				if err != nil {
					// handle error
				}
				if header.Masked {
					ws.Cipher(payload, header.Mask, 0)
				}

				// Reset the Masked flag, server frames must not be masked as
				// RFC6455 says.
				header.Masked = false

				if err := ws.WriteHeader(conn, header); err != nil {
					// handle error
				}
				if _, err := conn.Write(payload); err != nil {
					// handle error
				}

				if header.OpCode == ws.OpClose {
					return
				}
			}
		}()
	}
}

Zero-copy upgrade

Zero-copy upgrade helps to avoid unnecessary allocations and copying while handling HTTP Upgrade request.

Processing of all non-websocket headers is made in place with use of registered user callbacks whose arguments are only valid until callback returns.

The simple example looks like this:

package main

import (
	"net"
	"log"

	"github.com/gobwas/ws"
)

func main() {
	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	u := ws.Upgrader{
		OnHeader: func(key, value []byte) (err error, code int) {
			log.Printf("non-websocket header: %q=%q", key, value)
			return
		},
	}

	for {
		conn, err := ln.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			// handle error
		}

		_, err = u.Upgrade(conn)
		if err != nil {
			// handle error
		}
	}
}

Usage of ws.Upgrader here brings ability to control incoming connections on tcp level and simply not to accept them by some logic.

Zero-copy upgrade is for high-load services which have to control many resources such as connections buffers.

The real life example could be like this:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"runtime"

	"github.com/gobwas/httphead"
	"github.com/gobwas/ws"
)

func main() {
	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		// handle error
	}

	header := http.Header{
		"X-Go-Version": []string{runtime.Version()},
	}

	u := ws.Upgrader{
		OnRequest: func(host, uri []byte) (err error, code int) {
			if string(host) == "github.com" {
				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected host: %s", host), 403
			}
			return
		},
		OnHeader: func(key, value []byte) (err error, code int) {
			if string(key) != "Cookie" {
				return
			}
			ok := httphead.ScanCookie(value, func(key, value []byte) bool {
				// Check session here or do some other stuff with cookies.
				// Maybe copy some values for future use.
				return true
			})
			if !ok {
				return fmt.Errorf("bad cookie"), 400
			}
			return
		},
		OnBeforeUpgrade: func() (headerWriter func(io.Writer), err error, code int) {
			return ws.HeaderWriter(header), nil, 0
		},
	}

	for {
		conn, err := ln.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		_, err = u.Upgrade(conn)
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("upgrade error: %s", err)
		}
	}
}

Documentation

Overview

Package ws implements a client and server for the WebSocket protocol as specified in RFC 6455.

The main purpose of this package is to provide simple low-level API for efficient work with protocol.

Overview.

Upgrade to WebSocket (or WebSocket handshake) can be done in two ways.

The first way is to use `net/http` server:

  http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	  conn, err := ws.UpgradeHTTP(r, w, nil)
  })

The second and much more efficient way is so-called "zero-copy upgrade". It avoids redundant allocations and copying of not used headers or other request data. User decides by himself which data should be copied.

  ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
  if err != nil {
	  // handle error
  }

  conn, err := ln.Accept()
  if err != nil {
	  // handle error
  }

  handshake, err := ws.Upgrade(conn)
  if err != nil {
	  // handle error
  }

For customization details see `ws.Upgrader` documentation.

After WebSocket handshake you can work with connection in multiple ways. That is, `ws` does not force the only one way of how to work with WebSocket:

  header, err := ws.ReadHeader(conn)
  if err != nil {
	  // handle err
  }

  buf := make([]byte, header.Length)
  _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, buf)
  if err != nil {
	  // handle err
  }

  resp := ws.NewBinaryFrame([]byte("hello, world!"))
  if err := ws.WriteFrame(conn, frame); err != nil {
      // handle err
  }

As you can see, it stream friendly:

  const N = 42

  ws.WriteHeader(ws.Header{
	  Fin:    true,
	  Length: N,
	  OpCode: ws.OpBinary,
  })

  io.CopyN(conn, rand.Reader, N)

Or:

  header, err := ws.ReadHeader(conn)
  if err != nil {
	  // handle err
  }

  io.CopyN(ioutil.Discard, conn, header.Length)

For more info see the documentation.

Index

Constants

View Source
const (
	DefaultClientReadBufferSize  = 4096
	DefaultClientWriteBufferSize = 4096
)

Constants used by Dialer.

View Source
const (
	DefaultServerReadBufferSize  = 4096
	DefaultServerWriteBufferSize = 512
)

Constants used by ConnUpgrader.

View Source
const (
	MaxHeaderSize = 14
	MinHeaderSize = 2
)

Header size length bounds in bytes.

View Source
const (
	// All control frames MUST have a payload length of 125 bytes or less and MUST NOT be fragmented.
	MaxControlFramePayloadSize = 125
)

Constants defined by specification.

Variables

View Source
var (
	ErrProtocolOpCodeReserved             = ProtocolError("use of reserved op code")
	ErrProtocolControlPayloadOverflow     = ProtocolError("control frame payload limit exceeded")
	ErrProtocolControlNotFinal            = ProtocolError("control frame is not final")
	ErrProtocolNonZeroRsv                 = ProtocolError("non-zero rsv bits with no extension negotiated")
	ErrProtocolMaskRequired               = ProtocolError("frames from client to server must be masked")
	ErrProtocolMaskUnexpected             = ProtocolError("frames from server to client must be not masked")
	ErrProtocolContinuationExpected       = ProtocolError("unexpected non-continuation data frame")
	ErrProtocolContinuationUnexpected     = ProtocolError("unexpected continuation data frame")
	ErrProtocolStatusCodeNotInUse         = ProtocolError("status code is not in use")
	ErrProtocolStatusCodeApplicationLevel = ProtocolError("status code is only application level")
	ErrProtocolStatusCodeNoMeaning        = ProtocolError("status code has no meaning yet")
	ErrProtocolStatusCodeUnknown          = ProtocolError("status code is not defined in spec")
	ErrProtocolInvalidUTF8                = ProtocolError("invalid utf8 sequence in close reason")
)

Errors used by the protocol checkers.

View Source
var (
	ErrHandshakeBadStatus      = fmt.Errorf("unexpected http status")
	ErrHandshakeBadSubProtocol = fmt.Errorf("unexpected protocol in %q header", headerSecProtocol)
	ErrHandshakeBadExtensions  = fmt.Errorf("unexpected extensions in %q header", headerSecProtocol)
)

Errors used by the websocket client.

View Source
var (
	StatusRangeNotInUse    = StatusCodeRange{0, 999}
	StatusRangeProtocol    = StatusCodeRange{1000, 2999}
	StatusRangeApplication = StatusCodeRange{3000, 3999}
	StatusRangePrivate     = StatusCodeRange{4000, 4999}
)

Status code ranges defined by specification. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.2

View Source
var (
	PingFrame  = Frame{Header{Fin: true, OpCode: OpPing}, nil}
	PongFrame  = Frame{Header{Fin: true, OpCode: OpPong}, nil}
	CloseFrame = Frame{Header{Fin: true, OpCode: OpClose}, nil}
)

Common frames with no special meaning.

View Source
var (
	CompiledPing  = MustCompileFrame(PingFrame)
	CompiledPong  = MustCompileFrame(PongFrame)
	CompiledClose = MustCompileFrame(CloseFrame)
)

Compiled control frames for common use cases. For construct-serialize optimizations.

View Source
var (
	ErrMalformedRequest  = fmt.Errorf("malformed HTTP request")
	ErrMalformedResponse = fmt.Errorf("malformed HTTP response")
)

Errors returned when HTTP request or response can not be parsed.

View Source
var (
	ErrHeaderLengthMSB        = fmt.Errorf("header error: the most significant bit must be 0")
	ErrHeaderLengthUnexpected = fmt.Errorf("header error: unexpected payload length bits")
)

Errors used by frame reader.

View Source
var (
	ErrHandshakeBadProtocol   = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad HTTP protocol version")
	ErrHandshakeBadMethod     = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad HTTP request method")
	ErrHandshakeBadHost       = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad %q header", headerHost)
	ErrHandshakeBadUpgrade    = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad %q header", headerUpgrade)
	ErrHandshakeBadConnection = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad %q header", headerConnection)
	ErrHandshakeBadSecAccept  = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad %q header", headerSecAccept)
	ErrHandshakeBadSecKey     = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad %q header", headerSecKey)
	ErrHandshakeBadSecVersion = fmt.Errorf("handshake error: bad %q header", headerSecVersion)
)

Errors used by both client and server when preparing WebSocket handshake.

View Source
var ErrNotHijacker = fmt.Errorf("given http.ResponseWriter is not a http.Hijacker")

ErrNotHijacker is an error returned when http.ResponseWriter does not implement http.Hijacker interface.

Functions

func CheckCloseFrameData

func CheckCloseFrameData(code StatusCode, reason string) error

CheckCloseFrameData checks received close information to be valid RFC6455 compatible close info.

Note that code.Empty() or code.IsAppLevel() will raise error.

If endpoint sends close frame without status code (with frame.Length = 0), application should not check its payload.

func CheckHeader

func CheckHeader(h Header, s State) error

CheckHeader checks h to contain valid header data for given state s.

Note that zero state (0) means that state is clean, neither server or client side, nor fragmented, nor extended.

func Cipher

func Cipher(payload []byte, mask [4]byte, offset int)

Cipher applies XOR cipher to the payload using mask. Offset is used to cipher chunked data (e.g. in io.Reader implementations).

To convert masked data into unmasked data, or vice versa, the following algorithm is applied. The same algorithm applies regardless of the direction of the translation, e.g., the same steps are applied to mask the data as to unmask the data.

func CompileFrame

func CompileFrame(f Frame) (bts []byte, err error)

CompileFrame returns byte representation of given frame. In terms of memory consumption it is useful to precompile static frames which are often used.

func HeaderSize

func HeaderSize(h Header) (n int)

HeaderSize returns number of bytes that are needed to encode given header. It returns -1 if header is malformed.

func HeaderWriter

func HeaderWriter(h http.Header) func(io.Writer)

HeaderWriter creates callback function that will dump h into recevied io.Writer inside created callback.

func MustCompileFrame

func MustCompileFrame(f Frame) []byte

MustCompileFrame is like CompileFrame but panics if frame cannot be encoded.

func NewCloseFrameData

func NewCloseFrameData(code StatusCode, reason string) []byte

NewCloseFrameData makes byte representation of code and reason.

Note that returned slice is at most 125 bytes length. If reason is too big it will crop it to fit the limit defined by thte spec.

See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.5

func NewMask

func NewMask() (ret [4]byte)

NewMask creates new random mask.

func PutCloseFrameData

func PutCloseFrameData(p []byte, code StatusCode, reason string) int

PutCloseFrameData encodes code and reason into buf and returns the number of bytes written. If the buffer is too small to accommodate at least code, PutCloseFrameData will panic. Note that it does not checks maximum control frame payload size limit.

func PutReader

func PutReader(br *bufio.Reader)

PutReader returns bufio.Reader instance to the inner reuse pool. It is useful in rare cases, when Dialer.Dial() returns non-nil buffer which contains unprocessed buffered data, that was sent by the server quickly right after handshake.

func Rsv

func Rsv(r1, r2, r3 bool) (rsv byte)

Rsv creates rsv byte representation.

func SelectEqual

func SelectEqual(v string) func(string) bool

SelectEqual creates accept function that could be used as Protocol/Extension select during upgrade.

func SelectFromSlice

func SelectFromSlice(accept []string) func(string) bool

SelectFromSlice creates accept function that could be used as Protocol/Extension select during upgrade.

func WriteFrame

func WriteFrame(w io.Writer, f Frame) error

WriteFrame writes frame binary representation into w.

func WriteHeader

func WriteHeader(w io.Writer, h Header) error

WriteHeader writes header binary representation into w.

Types

type Dialer

type Dialer struct {
	// ReadBufferSize and WriteBufferSize is an I/O buffer sizes.
	// They used to read and write http data while upgrading to WebSocket.
	// Allocated buffers are pooled with sync.Pool to avoid extra allocations.
	//
	// If a size is zero then default value is used.
	ReadBufferSize, WriteBufferSize int

	// Timeout is the maximum amount of time a Dial() will wait for a connect
	// and an handshake to complete.
	//
	// The default is no timeout.
	Timeout time.Duration

	// Protocols is the list of subprotocols that the client wants to speak,
	// ordered by preference.
	//
	// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-4.1
	Protocols []string

	// Extensions is the list of extensions that client wants to speak.
	//
	// Note that if server decides to use some of this extensions, Dial() will
	// return Handshake struct containing a slice of items, which are the
	// shallow copies of the items from this list. That is, internals of
	// Extensions items are shared during Dial().
	//
	// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-4.1
	// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-9.1
	Extensions []httphead.Option

	// Header is the callback that will be called with io.Writer.
	// Write() calls to the given writer will put data in a request http
	// headers section.
	//
	// It used instead of http.Header mapping to avoid allocations in user land.
	Header func(io.Writer)

	// OnStatusError is the callback that will be called after receiving non
	// "101 Continue" HTTP response status. It receives an io.Reader object
	// representing server response bytes. That is, it gives ability to parse
	// HTTP response somehow (probably with http.ReadResponse call) and make a
	// decision of further logic.
	//
	// The arguments are only valid until the callback returns.
	OnStatusError func(status int, reason []byte, resp io.Reader)

	// OnHeader is the callback that will be called after successful parsing of
	// header, that is not used during WebSocket handshake procedure. That is,
	// it will be called with non-websocket headers, which could be relevant
	// for application-level logic.
	//
	// The arguments are only valid until the callback returns.
	//
	// Returned value could be used to prevent processing response.
	OnHeader func(key, value []byte) (err error)

	// NetDial is the function that is used to get plain tcp connection.
	// If it is not nil, then it is used instead of net.Dialer.
	NetDial func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error)

	// TLSClient is the callback that will be called after succesful dial with
	// received connection and its remote host name. If it is nil, then the
	// default tls.Client() will be used.
	// If it is not nil, then TLSConfig field is ignored.
	TLSClient func(conn net.Conn, hostname string) net.Conn

	// TLSConfig is passed to tls.Client() to start TLS over established
	// connection. If TLSClient is not nil, then it is ignored. If TLSConfig is
	// non-nil and its ServerName is empty, then for every Dial() it will be
	// cloned and appropriate ServerName will be set.
	TLSConfig *tls.Config

	// WrapConn is the optional callback that will be called when connection is
	// ready for an i/o. That is, it will be called after successful dial and
	// TLS initialization (for "wss" schemes). It may be helpful for different
	// user land purposes such as end to end encryption.
	//
	// Note that for debugging purposes of an http handshake (e.g. sent request
	// and received response), there is an wsutil.DebugDialer struct.
	WrapConn func(conn net.Conn) net.Conn
}

Dialer contains options for establishing websocket connection to an url.

var DefaultDialer Dialer

DefaultDialer is dialer that holds no options and is used by Dial function.

func (Dialer) Dial

func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, urlstr string) (conn net.Conn, br *bufio.Reader, hs Handshake, err error)

Dial connects to the url host and upgrades connection to WebSocket.

If server has sent frames right after successful handshake then returned buffer will be non-nil. In other cases buffer is always nil. For better memory efficiency received non-nil bufio.Reader should be returned to the inner pool with PutReader() function after use.

Note that Dialer does not implement IDNA (RFC5895) logic as net/http does. If you want to dial non-ascii host name, take care of its name serialization avoiding bad request issues. For more info see net/http Request.Write() implementation, especially cleanHost() function.

func (Dialer) Upgrade

func (d Dialer) Upgrade(conn io.ReadWriter, u *url.URL) (br *bufio.Reader, hs Handshake, err error)

Upgrade writes an upgrade request to the given io.ReadWriter conn at given url u and reads a response from it.

It is a caller responsibility to manage I/O deadlines on conn.

It returns handshake info and some bytes which could be written by the peer right after response and be caught by us during buffered read.

type Frame

type Frame struct {
	Header  Header
	Payload []byte
}

Frame represents websocket frame. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.2

func MaskFrame

func MaskFrame(f Frame) Frame

MaskFrame masks frame and returns frame with masked payload and Mask header's field set. Note that it copies f payload to prevent collisions. For less allocations you could use MaskFrameInPlace or construct frame manually.

func MaskFrameInPlace

func MaskFrameInPlace(f Frame) Frame

MaskFrameInPlace masks frame and returns frame with masked payload and Mask header's field set. Note that it applies xor cipher to f.Payload without copying, that is, it modifies f.Payload inplace.

func MaskFrameInPlaceWith

func MaskFrameInPlaceWith(f Frame, m [4]byte) Frame

MaskFrameInPlaceWith masks frame with given mask and returns frame with masked payload and Mask header's field set. Note that it applies xor cipher to f.Payload without copying, that is, it modifies f.Payload inplace.

func MaskFrameWith

func MaskFrameWith(f Frame, mask [4]byte) Frame

MaskFrameWith masks frame with given mask and returns frame with masked payload and Mask header's field set. Note that it copies f payload to prevent collisions. For less allocations you could use MaskFrameInPlaceWith or construct frame manually.

func NewBinaryFrame

func NewBinaryFrame(p []byte) Frame

NewBinaryFrame creates binary frame with p as payload. Note that p is left as is in the returned frame without copying.

func NewCloseFrame

func NewCloseFrame(code StatusCode, reason string) Frame

NewCloseFrame creates close frame with given closure code and reason. Note that it crops reason to fit the limit of control frames payload. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.5

func NewFrame

func NewFrame(op OpCode, fin bool, p []byte) Frame

NewFrame creates frame with given operation code, flag of completeness and payload bytes.

func NewPingFrame

func NewPingFrame(p []byte) Frame

NewPingFrame creates ping frame with p as payload. Note that p is left as is in the returned frame without copying.

func NewPongFrame

func NewPongFrame(p []byte) Frame

NewPongFrame creates pong frame with p as payload. Note that p is left as is in the returned frame.

func NewTextFrame

func NewTextFrame(s string) Frame

NewTextFrame creates text frame with s as payload. Note that the s is copied in the returned frame payload.

func ReadFrame

func ReadFrame(r io.Reader) (f Frame, err error)

ReadFrame reads a frame from r. It is not designed for high optimized use case cause it makes allocation for frame.Header.Length size inside to read frame payload into.

Note that ReadFrame does not unmask payload.

type HTTPUpgrader

type HTTPUpgrader struct {
	// Timeout is the maximum amount of time an Upgrade() will spent while
	// writing handshake response.
	//
	// The default is no timeout.
	Timeout time.Duration

	// Protocol is the select function that is used to select subprotocol from
	// list requested by client. If this field is set, then the first matched
	// protocol is sent to a client as negotiated.
	Protocol func(string) bool

	// Extension is the select function that is used to select extensions from
	// list requested by client. If this field is set, then the all matched
	// extensions are sent to a client as negotiated.
	Extension func(httphead.Option) bool
}

HTTPUpgrader contains options for upgrading connection to websocket from net/http Handler arguments.

var DefaultHTTPUpgrader HTTPUpgrader

DefaultHTTPUpgrader is an HTTPUpgrader that holds no options and is used by UpgradeHTTP function.

func (HTTPUpgrader) Upgrade

func (u HTTPUpgrader) Upgrade(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter, h http.Header) (conn net.Conn, rw *bufio.ReadWriter, hs Handshake, err error)

Upgrade upgrades http connection to the websocket connection. Set of additional headers could be passed to be sent with the response after successful upgrade.

It hijacks net.Conn from w and returns recevied net.Conn and bufio.ReadWriter. On successful handshake it returns Handshake struct describing handshake info.

type Handshake

type Handshake struct {
	// Protocol is the subprotocol selected during handshake.
	Protocol string

	// Extensions is the list of negotiated extensions.
	Extensions []httphead.Option
}

Handshake represents handshake result.

func Dial

func Dial(ctx context.Context, urlstr string) (net.Conn, *bufio.Reader, Handshake, error)

Dial is like Dialer{}.Dial().

func Upgrade

func Upgrade(conn io.ReadWriter) (Handshake, error)

Upgrade is like Upgrader{}.Upgrade().

func UpgradeHTTP

func UpgradeHTTP(r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter, h http.Header) (conn net.Conn, rw *bufio.ReadWriter, hs Handshake, err error)

UpgradeHTTP is like HTTPUpgrader{}.Upgrade().

type Header struct {
	Fin    bool
	Rsv    byte
	OpCode OpCode
	Length int64
	Masked bool
	Mask   [4]byte
}

Header represents websocket frame header. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.2

func ReadHeader

func ReadHeader(r io.Reader) (h Header, err error)

ReadHeader reads a frame header from r.

func (Header) Rsv1

func (h Header) Rsv1() bool

Rsv1 reports whether the header has first rsv bit set.

func (Header) Rsv2

func (h Header) Rsv2() bool

Rsv2 reports whether the header has second rsv bit set.

func (Header) Rsv3

func (h Header) Rsv3() bool

Rsv3 reports whether the header has third rsv bit set.

type OpCode

type OpCode byte

OpCode represents operation code.

const (
	OpContinuation OpCode = 0x0
	OpText         OpCode = 0x1
	OpBinary       OpCode = 0x2
	OpClose        OpCode = 0x8
	OpPing         OpCode = 0x9
	OpPong         OpCode = 0xa
)

Operation codes defined by specification. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.2

func (OpCode) IsControl

func (c OpCode) IsControl() bool

IsControl checks whether the c is control operation code. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.5

func (OpCode) IsData

func (c OpCode) IsData() bool

IsData checks whether the c is data operation code. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.6

func (OpCode) IsReserved

func (c OpCode) IsReserved() bool

IsReserved checks whether the c is reserved operation code. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.2

type ProtocolError

type ProtocolError string

ProtocolError describes error during checking/parsing websocket frames or headers.

func (ProtocolError) Error

func (p ProtocolError) Error() string

Error implements error interface.

type State

type State uint8

State represents state of websocket endpoint. It used by some functions to be more strict when checking compatibility with RFC6455.

const (
	// StateServerSide means that endpoint (caller) is a server.
	StateServerSide State = 0x1 << iota
	// StateClientSide means that endpoint (caller) is a client.
	StateClientSide
	// StateExtended means that extension was negotiated during handshake.
	StateExtended
	// StateFragmented means that endpoint (caller) has received fragmented
	// frame and waits for continuation parts.
	StateFragmented
)

func (State) Clear

func (s State) Clear(v State) State

Clear disables v state on s.

func (State) Is

func (s State) Is(v State) bool

Is checks whether the s has v enabled.

func (State) Set

func (s State) Set(v State) State

Set enables v state on s.

func (State) SetOrClearIf

func (s State) SetOrClearIf(cond bool, v State) (ret State)

SetOrClearIf enables or disables v state on s depending on cond.

type StatusCode

type StatusCode uint16

StatusCode represents the encoded reason for closure of websocket connection.

There are few helper methods on StatusCode that helps to define a range in which given code is lay in. accordingly to ranges defined in specification.

See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4

const (
	StatusNormalClosure           StatusCode = 1000
	StatusGoingAway               StatusCode = 1001
	StatusProtocolError           StatusCode = 1002
	StatusUnsupportedData         StatusCode = 1003
	StatusNoMeaningYet            StatusCode = 1004
	StatusNoStatusRcvd            StatusCode = 1005
	StatusAbnormalClosure         StatusCode = 1006
	StatusInvalidFramePayloadData StatusCode = 1007
	StatusPolicyViolation         StatusCode = 1008
	StatusMessageTooBig           StatusCode = 1009
	StatusMandatoryExt            StatusCode = 1010
	StatusInternalServerError     StatusCode = 1011
	StatusTLSHandshake            StatusCode = 1015
)

Status codes defined by specification. See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1

func ParseCloseFrameData

func ParseCloseFrameData(payload []byte) (code StatusCode, reason string)

ParseCloseFrameData parses close frame status code and closure reason if any provided. If there is no status code in the payload the empty status code is returned (code.Empty()) with empty string as a reason.

func ParseCloseFrameDataUnsafe

func ParseCloseFrameDataUnsafe(payload []byte) (code StatusCode, reason string)

ParseCloseFrameDataUnsafe is like ParseCloseFrameData except the thing that it does not copies payload bytes into reason, but prepares unsafe cast.

func (StatusCode) Empty

func (s StatusCode) Empty() bool

Empty reports whether the code is empty. Empty code has no any meaning neither app level codes nor other. This method is useful just to check that code is golang default value 0.

func (StatusCode) In

In reports whether the code is defined in given range.

func (StatusCode) IsApplicationSpec

func (s StatusCode) IsApplicationSpec() bool

IsApplicationSpec reports whether the code should be defined by application, framework or libraries specification.

func (StatusCode) IsNotUsed

func (s StatusCode) IsNotUsed() bool

IsNotUsed reports whether the code is predefined in not used range.

func (StatusCode) IsPrivateSpec

func (s StatusCode) IsPrivateSpec() bool

IsPrivateSpec reports whether the code should be defined privately.

func (StatusCode) IsProtocolDefined

func (s StatusCode) IsProtocolDefined() bool

IsProtocolDefined reports whether the code is already defined by protocol specification.

func (StatusCode) IsProtocolReserved

func (s StatusCode) IsProtocolReserved() bool

IsProtocolReserved reports whether the code is defined by protocol specification to be reserved only for application usage purpose.

func (StatusCode) IsProtocolSpec

func (s StatusCode) IsProtocolSpec() bool

IsProtocolSpec reports whether the code should be defined by protocol specification.

type StatusCodeRange

type StatusCodeRange struct {
	Min, Max StatusCode
}

StatusCodeRange describes range of StatusCode values.

type StatusError

type StatusError int

StatusError contains an unexpected status-line code from the server.

func (StatusError) Error

func (s StatusError) Error() string

type Upgrader

type Upgrader struct {
	// ReadBufferSize and WriteBufferSize is an I/O buffer sizes.
	// They used to read and write http data while upgrading to WebSocket.
	// Allocated buffers are pooled with sync.Pool to avoid extra allocations.
	//
	// If a size is zero then default value is used.
	//
	// Usually it is useful to set read buffer size bigger than write buffer
	// size because incoming request could contain long header values, such as
	// Cookie. Response, in other way, could be big only if user write multiple
	// custom headers. Usually response takes less than 256 bytes.
	ReadBufferSize, WriteBufferSize int

	// Protocol is a select function that is used to select subprotocol
	// from list requested by client. If this field is set, then the first matched
	// protocol is sent to a client as negotiated.
	//
	// The argument is only valid until the callback returns.
	Protocol func([]byte) bool

	// ProtocolCustrom allow user to parse Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header manually.
	// Note that returned bytes must be valid until Upgrade returns.
	// If ProtocolCustom is set, it used instead of Protocol function.
	ProtocolCustom func([]byte) (string, bool)

	// Extension is a select function that is used to select extensions
	// from list requested by client. If this field is set, then the all matched
	// extensions are sent to a client as negotiated.
	//
	// The argument is only valid until the callback returns.
	//
	// According to the RFC6455 order of extensions passed by a client is
	// significant. That is, returning true from this function means that no
	// other extension with the same name should be checked because server
	// accepted the most preferable extension right now:
	// "Note that the order of extensions is significant.  Any interactions between
	// multiple extensions MAY be defined in the documents defining the extensions.
	// In the absence of such definitions, the interpretation is that the header
	// fields listed by the client in its request represent a preference of the
	// header fields it wishes to use, with the first options listed being most
	// preferable."
	Extension func(httphead.Option) bool

	// ExtensionCustorm allow user to parse Sec-WebSocket-Extensions header manually.
	// Note that returned options should be valid until Upgrade returns.
	// If ExtensionCustom is set, it used instead of Extension function.
	ExtensionCustom func([]byte, []httphead.Option) ([]httphead.Option, bool)

	// Header is a callback that will be called with io.Writer.
	// Write() calls that writer will put data in the response http headers
	// section.
	//
	// It used instead of http.Header mapping to avoid allocations in user land.
	//
	// Not that if present, this callback will be called for any result of
	// upgrading.
	Header func(io.Writer)

	// OnRequest is a callback that will be called after request line and
	// "Host" header successful parsing. Setting this field helps to implement
	// some application logic.
	//
	// The arguments are only valid until the callback returns.
	//
	// Returned value could be used to prevent processing request and response
	// with appropriate http status.
	OnRequest func(host, uri []byte) (err error, code int)

	// OnHeader is a callback that will be called after successful parsing of
	// header, that is not used during WebSocket handshake procedure. That is,
	// it will be called with non-websocket headers, which could be relevant
	// for application-level logic.
	//
	// The arguments are only valid until the callback returns.
	//
	// Returned value could be used to prevent processing request and response
	// with appropriate http status.
	OnHeader func(key, value []byte) (err error, code int)

	// OnBeforeUpgrade is a callback that will be called before sending
	// successful upgrade response.
	//
	// Setting OnBeforeUpgrade allows user to make final application-level
	// checks and decide whether this connection is allowed to successfully
	// upgrade to WebSocket. That is, the session checks and other application
	// logic could be contained inside this callback.
	//
	// OnBeforeUpgrade could return header writer callback, that will be called
	// to provide some user land http headers in response.
	//
	// If by some reason connection should not be upgraded then OnBeforeUpgrade
	// should return error and appropriate http status code.
	//
	// Note that header writer callback will be called even if err is non-nil.
	OnBeforeUpgrade func() (header func(io.Writer), err error, code int)
}

Upgrader contains options for upgrading connection to websocket.

var DefaultUpgrader Upgrader

DefaultUpgrader is an Upgrader that holds no options and is used by Upgrade function.

func (Upgrader) Upgrade

func (u Upgrader) Upgrade(conn io.ReadWriter) (hs Handshake, err error)

Upgrade zero-copy upgrades connection to WebSocket. It interprets given conn as connection with incoming HTTP Upgrade request.

It is a caller responsibility to manage i/o timeouts on conn.

Non-nil error means that request for the WebSocket upgrade is invalid or malformed and usually connection should be closed. Even when error is non-nil Upgrade will write appropriate response into connection in compliance with RFC.

Directories

Path Synopsis
example
Package wsutil provides utilities for working with WebSocket protocol.
Package wsutil provides utilities for working with WebSocket protocol.

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