Prince
Prince | |
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Kelahiran | Prince Rogers Nelson 7 Jun 1958 |
Meninggal dunia | 21 April 2016 Chanhassen, Minnesota, Amerika Syarikat | (umur 57)
Warganegara | Amerika Syarikat |
Nama lain | sebagai penghibur:
|
Pekerjaan | |
Tahun aktif | 1976 – 2016 |
Pasangan | Mayte Garcia (k. 1996; c. 1999) Manuela Testolini (k. 2001; c. 2006) |
Kerjaya muzik | |
Genre | |
Syarikat rakaman | |
Pengkarya berkait |
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Alat muzik terkenal | |
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Prince Rogers Nelson (7 Jun 1958 - 21 April 2016) atau lebih dikenali sebagai Prince ialah seorang penyanyi dan penulis lagu, instrumentalis, dan penerbit rakaman Amerika Syarikat. Beliau merupakan seorang inovator muzik dan dikenali untuk hasil karya eklektik beliau malah , dan pelbagai vokal luas. muziknya menerapkan pelbagai gaya, termasuk funk, rock, R&B, gelombang baru, soul, psikedelia, dan pop. Malah, beliau sering menonjol diri berpenampilan sangat ranggi dengan pakaian mewah dan solekannya.
Beliau telah menjual lebih 150 juta rekod di seluruh dunia, menjadikan beliau salah seorang artis yang paling laris sepanjang masa.[2] Beliau memenangi tujuh Anugerah Grammy, Anugerah Golden Globe dan Anugerah Akademi untuk filem Purple Rain. Beliau telah dimasukkan ke dalam Rock dan Roll Hall of Fame pada tahun 2004, tahun pertama kelayakan. Majalah Rolling Stone menyenaraikan kedudukan Prince di nombor 27 dalam senarai 100 "artis yang paling berpengaruh zaman rock & roll".[3] Kerjaya seninya turut banyak mempengaruhi sebilangan artis muda termasuk Alicia Keys, Usher, Janelle Monáe, The Weeknd, Lady Gaga, Lenny Kravitz, Andre 3000, Frank Ocean serta Ween.[4][5][6]
Biografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Awal hidup
[sunting | sunting sumber]Prince Rogers Nelson lahir pada 7 Jun 1958 di Minneapolis, Minnesota; beliau anak sulung[nota 1] Mattie Della (née Shaw) - seorang pemuzik jazz - dan John Lewis Nelson, seorang penggubah lagu;[9] beliau dinamakan "Prince Rogers" sempena nama pentas ayahnya semasa dia dan ibunya dalam kugiran jazz Prince Rogers Trio.[10] Kedua-dua keluarga ibu bapanya datang dari Louisiana.[11] Beliau pernah menghidapi epilepsi semasa kecil.[12]
Beliau dan adik Tyka berputik minat terhadap muzik atas galakan bapa mereka;[13] beliau sendiri mengarang lagu pertamanya "Funk Machine" ketika berusia tujuh tahun.[13] Ibu bapa mereka bercerai ketika Prince berusia 10 tahun.[13][14]
Kerjaya permuzikan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pada tahun 1984, beliau mula merujuk kepada kugiran sandaran sebagai The Revolution dan mengeluarkan Purple Rain sebagai runut bunyi untuk filem sulung senama arahan beliau tahun 1984 beliau dan menerima pujian meluas. Selepas menerbitkan album Around the World in a Day (1985) dan Parade (1986), The Revolution dibubarkan, dan Prince mengeluarkan album berkembar Sign o' The Times (1987).
Pada tahun 1993, beliau menghadapi suatu perselisihan kontrak dengan Warner Bros. dalam pengurusan album The Gold Experience, di mana beliau menyatakan identiti dirinya seakan dikongkong kepada syarikat tersebut berikutan perselisihan ini - beliau menukar nama pentas diri kepada suatu simbol tiada sebutan[nota 2] agar dapat mengeluarkan album baru pada kadar yang lebih cepat.[15][16] Beliau mengeluarkan lima rekod antara 1994 dan 1996 sebelum menandatangani dengan Arista Records pada tahun 1998. Pada tahun 2000, beliau mula merujuk dirinya sebagai "Prince" sekali lagi.
Kematian
[sunting | sunting sumber]Prince dijumpai pitam di sebuah lif di kediaman berstudio rakaman Paisley Parknya namun gagal diselamatkan - beliau diisytiharkan mati pada jam 10:07 pagi (enam jam sebelum mereka menemuinya, menurut suatu pakar paramedik[17]) tidak lama kemudian.[18] Kenyataan siasat daripada pihak setempat mengumumkan beliau meninggal dunia akibat dos berlebihan fentanil[19] tanggal 21 April 2016 pada usia 57 tahun.[20]
Diskografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- For You (1978)
- Prince (1979)
- Dirty Mind (1980)
- Controversy (1981)
- 1999 (1982)
- Purple Rain (1984)
- Around the World in a Day (1985)
- Parade (1986)
- Sign o' the Times (1987)
- Lovesexy (1988)
- Batman (1989)
- Graffiti Bridge (1990)
- Diamonds and Pearls (1991)
- Love Symbol Album (1992)
- Come (1994)
- The Black Album (1994)
- The Gold Experience (1995)
- Chaos and Disorder (1996)
- Emancipation (1996)
- Crystal Ball (1998)
- The Truth (1998)
- The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale (1999)
- Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic (1999)
- The Rainbow Children (2001)
- One Nite Alone... (2002)
- Xpectation (2003)
- N·E·W·S (2003)
- Musicology (2004)
- The Chocolate Invasion (2004)
- The Slaughterhouse (2004)
- 3121 (2006)
- Planet Earth (2007)
- Lotusflower (2009)
- MPLSound (2009)
- 20Ten (2010)
- Plectrumelectrum (2014)
- Art Official Age (2014)
- HITnRUN Phase One (2015)
- HITnRUN Phase Two (2015)
Filemografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Filem
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tahun | Filem | Peranan | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
1984 | Purple Rain | The Kid | |
1986 | Under the Cherry Moon | Christopher Tracy | Juga sebagai pengarah |
1987 | Sign o' the Times | Diri sendiri | Juga sebagai pengarah |
1990 | Graffiti Bridge | The Kid | Juga sebagai pengarah |
Tahun | Televisyen | Peranan | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
1997 | Muppets Tonight | Dirinya sendiri | Episod 11 |
2014 | New Girl | Dirinya sendiri | Episod: "Prince" |
Jelajah
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Prince Tour (1979–80)
- Dirty Mind Tour (1980–81)
- Controversy Tour (1981–82)
- 1999 Tour (1982–83)
- Purple Rain Tour (1984–85)
- Parade Tour (1986)
- Sign o' the Times Tour (1987)
- Lovesexy Tour (1988–89)
- Nude Tour (1990)
- Diamonds and Pearls Tour (1992)
- Act I and II (1993)
- Interactive Tour (1994)
- The Ultimate Live Experience (1995)
- Gold Tour (1996)
- Love 4 One Another Charities Tour (1997)
- Jam of the Year Tour (1997–98)
- New Power Soul Tour/Festival (1998)
- Hit n Run Tour (2000–01)
- A Celebration (2001)
- One Nite Alone... Tour (2002)
- 2003–2004 World Tour (2003–04)
- Musicology Live 2004ever (2004)
- Per4ming Live 3121 (2006–07)
- 21 Nights in London: The Earth Tour (2007)
- 20Ten Tour (2010)
- Welcome 2 (2010–12)
- Live Out Loud Tour (2013)
- Hit and Run Tour (2014–15)
- Piano & A Microphone Tour (2016)
Anugerah dan pencalonan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Beliau ada seorang adik perempuan bernama Tyka Nelson (lahir 18 Mei 1960).[7][8]
- ^ Simbol ini dikenali sebagai "Love Symbol" menyerupai gabungan simbol-simbol dewa Mars dan Venus disilangkan bentuk trompet - rujuk laman bahasa Inggeris untuk butiran lanjut
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "BET interviews The Artist".
- ^ Prince Brings Early Valentine's Day Gift to NYC Misani. New York Amsterdam News (April 12, 2011). Accessed on June 19, 2012.
- ^ 100 Greatest Artists Ahmir Thompson. Rolling Stone (March 24, 2004). Accessed on May 4, 2016.
- ^ Bartleet, Larry (April 22, 2016). "21 Artists Who Wouldn't Be The Same Without Prince". NME. Dicapai pada February 22, 2019.
- ^ McCormick, Neil (April 24, 2016). "Prince influenced everyone from Madonna to Beyoncé". Dicapai pada February 22, 2019 – melalui www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ Fortune, Drew (May 6, 2016). "Dean Ween Remembers Prince: 'He Was My John Lennon'". Rolling Stone. New York. Dicapai pada December 16, 2019.
- ^ "Microsoft Word – 126883449_1.docx" (PDF). Mncourts.gov. Dicapai pada March 9, 2017.
- ^ Nilsen 2003, m/s. 19.
- ^ Nicolson, Barry (April 22, 2016). "Prince Obituary: June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016". NME. Dicapai pada June 7, 2018.
- ^ Woodworth, Griffin (2013). "Prince, Miles, and Maceo: horns, masculinity, and the anxiety of influence". Black Music Research Journal. 33 (2): 117+. doi:10.5406/blacmusiresej.33.2.0117.
- ^ Smolenyak, Megan (February 8, 2013). "Hey, Prince, Your Roots Are Showing". The Huffington Post. Dicapai pada February 12, 2013.
- ^ Lynch, Jason (April 28, 2009). "Prince Talks about His Struggle with Epilepsy". People. Dicapai pada May 4, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Obituary: John Nelson". The Independent. September 1, 2001. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada September 19, 2011. Dicapai pada April 25, 2016.
- ^ "Biography – Prince: Idiosyncratic, Individualistic, Innovative, Ingenious". Purplerain120.weebly.com. Dicapai pada December 23, 2017.
- ^ Heatley 2008, m/s. 191.
- ^ Till, Rupert (December 2, 2010). Pop Cult. m/s. 63. ISBN 9780826445926. Dicapai pada December 23, 2017.
- ^ Chanen, David (June 3, 2016). "Prince died from accidental overdose of fentanyl, medical examiner says". Star Tribune. Dicapai pada June 2, 2016.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaChanen
- ^ Strobl, A. Quinn (M.D.). "Press Release June 2, 2016" (Siaran akhbar). Midwest Medical Examiner's Office. Dicapai pada June 2, 2016.
- ^ Coscarelli, Joe (April 21, 2016). "Prince Is Dead at 57". The New York Times. Dicapai pada April 21, 2016.
- Sumber utama
- Austen, Jake (2005). TV-a-Go-Go: Rock on TV From American Bandstand to American Idol. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1556525729.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bream, Jon (1984). Prince: Inside the Purple Reign. Macmillan Publishing. ISBN 9780020604105.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84353-105-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cashmore, Ellis (1997). The Black Culture Industry. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415120821.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cole, George (2005). The Last Miles: The Music of Miles Davis, 1980–1991. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472032600.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Corson, Keith (2016). Trying to Get Over: African American Directors after Blaxploitation, 1977-1986. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1477309087.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Draper, Jason (2011). Prince: Chaos, Disorder, and Revolution. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Backbeat Books. ISBN 9780879309619.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Draper, Jason (2008). Prince: Life & Times. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-18-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gregory, Hugh (1995). Soul Music A–Z. Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306806438.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gulla, Bob (2008). Icons of R&B and Soul: An Encyclopedia of the Artists who Revolutionized Rhythm. 2. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 0-313-34046-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hahn, Alex (2004). Possessed: The Rise And Fall Of Prince. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7749-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hawkins, Stan; Niblock, Sarah (2012). Prince: The Making of a Pop Music Phenomenon. Abingdon-on-Thames, UK: Routledge. ISBN 9780754668763.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Heatley, Michael (2008). Where Were You... When the Music Played? 120 Unforgettable Moments in Music History. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-7621-0988-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hill, Dave (1989). Prince: A Pop Life. Harmony Books. ISBN 9780517572825.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lavezzoli, Peter (2001). The King of All, Sir Duke: Ellington and the Artistic Revolution. New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-0826414045.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Light, Alan (2014). Let's Go Crazy: Prince and the Making of Purple Rain (ed. 2015 reprint). Atria Books. ISBN 978-1476776750.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Matos, Michelangelo (2004). Prince's Sign O' the Times. 33 1/3. New York: Continuum. ISBN 9781441141767.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Moskowitz, David V. (2015). "Prince and the Revolution (1979–1986)". Dalam Moskowitz, David V. (penyunting). The 100 Greatest Bands of All Time: A Guide to the Legends Who Rocked the World. 2. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-1440803390.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Nilsen, Per (2003). Dance Music Sex Romance: Prince: The First Decade. SAF. ISBN 0-946719-64-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Perone, James E. (2006). The Sound of Stevie Wonder: His Words and Music. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98723-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Reynolds, Simon (1990). Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock. Serpent's Tail. ISBN 1-85242-199-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ro, Ronin (2011). Prince: Inside the Music and the Masks. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-38300-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Touré (2013). I Would Die 4 U: Why Prince Became an Icon. New York: Atria Books. ISBN 978-1476705491.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Uptown (2004). The Vault – The Definitive Guide to the Musical World of Prince. Nilsen Publishing. ISBN 91-631-5482-X.
- Werner, Craig (2006). A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race & the Soul of America. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-03147-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- White, Charles (2003). The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorized Press. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-306-80552-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Jones, Liz (1998). Purple Reign: The Artist Formerly Known as Prince. Birch Lane Press. ISBN 978-1-55972-448-7.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commons ada media yang berkaitan: |
- Petikan kata berkenaan Prince di Wikiquote
- Prince di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
- Prince di Allmusic
- Prince at Billboard.com
- Performance at Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at his induction in 2004