Dinasti Ghur
Penampilan
Kesultanan Ghur | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sebelum 879–1215 | |||||||||||||||
Ibu negara | Firozkoh[2] Herat[3] Ghazna (1170s–1215)[4] | ||||||||||||||
Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Bahasa Parsi (mahkamah)[5] | ||||||||||||||
Agama | sebelum 1011: Buddhisme[6] From 1011: Islam Sunni[7] | ||||||||||||||
Kerajaan | Monarki | ||||||||||||||
Malik/Sultan | |||||||||||||||
• abad ke-9/10 | Amir Suri (pertama) | ||||||||||||||
• 1214–1215 | Ala al-Din Ali (terakhir) | ||||||||||||||
Sejarah | |||||||||||||||
• Didirikan | sebelum 879 | ||||||||||||||
• Dibubarkan | 1215 | ||||||||||||||
Keluasan | |||||||||||||||
sekitar 1200[8] | 2,000,000 km2 (770,000 bt2) | ||||||||||||||
|
Dinasti Ghur (Parsi: سلسله غوریان ; gelaran sendiri: شنسبانی , Shansabānī) merupakan sebuah dinasti Iran dari kawasan Ghur, kini di pusat Afghanistan, meskipun titik asal etnik sebenar masih belum dapat dipastikan.[9] Dinasti ini bertukar agama utamanya kepada Islam Sunni daripada Buddhisme,[6]}}[6][7] selepas penaklukan oleh sultan Mahmud dari Ghazni pada 1011. Dinasti ini menumbangkan Empayar Ghaznavi pada 1186 ketika Sultan Muhammad dari Ghor menawan ibu kota terakhir empayar, Lahore[10]
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. m/s. 147, map XIV.3 (g). ISBN 0226742210.
- ^ Firoz Koh in Ghur (a region to the west of Ghazni), the Ghurids' summer capital
- ^ Firuzkuh: the summer capital of the Ghurids, oleh David Thomas, m/s. 18.
- ^ The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-volume set, oleh Jonathan Bloom, Sheila Blair, m/s. 108.
- ^ The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Iran, Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in Persian"
- ^ a b c Satish Chandra, Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Bahagian 1, (Har-Anand Publications, 2006), 22.
- ^ a b The Ghurids, K.A. Nizami, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.
- ^ Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (2020-12-02). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Oxford University Press. m/s. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-977311-4.
- ^ Bosworth 2001b, m/s. 586–590.
- ^ Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan in Far East Kingdoms: Persia and the East
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bosworth, C. Edmund (2001a). "Ghaznavids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. New York. m/s. 578–583.
- Bosworth, C. Edmund (2001b). "Ghurids". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. New York. m/s. 586–590.
- Frye, R.N. (1975). "The Ghaznavids and Ghūrids". Dalam Frye, R.N. (penyunting). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Iranian world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. m/s. 157–165. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.