Panhe

^[1]Panhe ( Acjachemen : "ebe dị na mmiri") bụ otu n'ime obodo Acjachemen kasị ukwuu ekwerela na ọ tọrọ afọ 9,600, yana ebe dị nsõ, emume, omenala na ebe olili ogbugbu a maka ndị Acjachemen. [1] Saịtị Panhe dị ugbu a n'ime San Onofre State Beach, San Diego County, California, nke dị n'ọnụ ọnụ San Mateo Canyon na Cristianitos Canyon, na ihe dịka 3.7 miles (6.0 km) site na Oke ịnọ Pasifik . [2] [3] Ihe ngosi nke ozi egosila ihe nri nke ọtụtụ nna nna Acjachemen na Panhe.

Satịtị obodo Panhe anatala ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri Mkpebi nke ntozu maka National Register of Historic Place site na National Park Service, nke sitere na State Historic Preservation Office, wee akụkụ ya dị ka nke San Mateo Archaeological Distric. [1] Na mgbakwunye, Kọmịshọna Native American Heritage Commission nabatara Panhe dị ka Ala Dị Nsọ na 1989. [1] Na-eje ozi dị ka ọkụ ọzọ maka Panhe, ndị na-ezube ịbata na saịtị maka mmepụta owuwu ga-arọr site na isi Ala dị nsọ dịka akụkụ nke usoro gburugburu California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). [2] Nkwenye egwu ndị a na-eje ozi dị ka usoro maka Acjachemen n'ihe gbasara okwu gbasara iwu. Otu aro dị mfe nke saịtị obodo Panhe enweta bụ Ngwongwo Omenala Omenala, nke ga-enye ebo Acjachemen ozi ọzọ n'iwu na mpaghara ahụ. [1] Ichekwa Panhe bụ mkpa nke mkpa na-aga n'ihu n'ịkwado ụbụbụeze nke ala Acjachemen .

^[2]Ndị Acjachemen na-akụ azụ na nnukwu mmiri mmiri San Mateo Creek, ma na-ebi ndụ ndị na-anya nta . A na-eche na obodo Panhe nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 300 ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ tupu ndị edemede Spanish mbụ n'ahụ́ ebe ahụ, ma ka bụ ebe dị nsasị maka ndị Acjachemen.

^[3]Panhe bụ ebe e mere baputizim mbụ na California, na 1769 kwa, a malitere chiri anya nke mbụ n’etiti ndị agha Spen, ndị ozi ala ọzọ ndị ọzọ, na ndị Acjachemen. Obodo nwere ikike ndị bapupuisi kacha ukwuu na ndị ahịa nke Mission San Juan Capistrano .

Ugbua

^[4]Panhe nọ ugbu a na-achịkwa Camp Pendleton Marine Base, San Onofre State Beach na San Clemente [1]. Ruo taa, ebo a bụ otu ndị obodo America nke steeti nakweere, ma na-arụ ọrụ n'inweta ụdị etiti ga-emecha na-enye ikike na nchekwa nke ala ha dị nssọ wee ego maka mmemme ,dị.

Ụzọ Toll

Ebe Panhe obodo nọ n'ihe egwu mgbe atụmatụ maka okporo ụzọ akwụ ụgwọ nwere ụzọ isii ezubere iji jikọta mmepe na nso nso a na Interstate 5 pụtara ihe karịrị afọ iri gara aga. ^[5] Site na mbọ ndị na-akwado Acjachemen Nation, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri, na 2016, e mezuru mkpebi nke ichekwa saịtị ahụ. ^[5]

N'afọ 2002, ndị bi n'ime obodo matara maka akwụkwọ nke Foothill/Eastern Transportation Corridor Agency (TCA) 5 iji wuo okporo ụzọ ọnụ ụzọ isii na-arụpụta ọhụrụ a na-agbanwe na Interstate 5. [1] Ihe dị ka maịl Nke abụọ ụzọ a anya ga-adakọrịrị San Mateo Creek, nke dị naanị 20 ụkwụ site na saịtị Panhe dị. Ndị otu na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka Sierra Club, na- ntọala maka ụzọ a na- echere dị nso na mpaghara nwere ike gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime mmiri mmiri San Mateo. [2] Enwere ike ibibi San Mateo Creek, nke na-ahọba na Trestles surf osimiri, welitere akwụkwọ ozi ndị ọzọ n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike i y y y y enyi ebili mmiri a ma ama nke Trestles

Ka okwu na-agbasa n'ime obodo ndị na-egwu mmiri banyere ihe iyi egwu nwere ike, otu mgbasa ozi pụtara na San Clemente nwere akwụkwọ mmado "Save Trestles, Stop the Toll Road", ihe nrịbama ahịhịa na t-shirts pụtara na mpaghara ahụ niile. ^[1] Obodo ndị na-egwu mmiri nke mba ụwa achọpụtakwara ozugbo okwu a kpalitere nchegbu dị ukwuu n'etiti ndị na-egwu mmiri.

Na 2006, California Native American Heritage Commission (CNAHC) butere ihe gbasara iwu megide TCA n'aha ebo. ^[5] Okwu ikpe ahụ kwuru na mbibi nke Panhe ga-abụ mmebi iwu siri ike na nnwere onwe okpukpe nke ndị Acjachemen. ^[5]

Hụkwa

Ụmụ amaala California
California ozi esemokwu nke omenala

Obodo amụrụ amị amị dị na Orange County, California :

Acjacheme
Ahunx
Alauna
Genga
Ntụk
Lupukngna
Moyongna
Pajbenga
Panhe
Puhú
Piwiva
Totpavit

Ntụaka

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Gilio (2012-02-01). "Panhe at the Crossroads: Toward an Indigenized Environmental Justice Theory". American Studies ETDs. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Donaldson (February 6, 2008). Testimony regarding the Consistency Certification for the Foothill South Toll Road. ohv.parks.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2009-09-20.
↑ Gilio-Whitaker (2019). As long as grass grows : the indigenous fight for environmental justice, from colonization to Standing Rock, 132. ISBN 978-0-8070-7378-0. OCLC 1044542033.
↑ Congressional Research Service (January 2024). The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States. The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States. Retrieved on 2024-01-30.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Panhe (en-US). Sacred Land. Retrieved on 2024-01-30. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content

[:1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Gilio (2012-02-01). "Panhe at the Crossroads: Toward an Indigenized Environmental Justice Theory". American Studies ETDs. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content

[2] Donaldson (February 6, 2008). Testimony regarding the Consistency Certification for the Foothill South Toll Road. ohv.parks.ca.gov. Retrieved on 2009-09-20.

[:0-3] Gilio-Whitaker (2019). As long as grass grows : the indigenous fight for environmental justice, from colonization to Standing Rock, 132. ISBN 978-0-8070-7378-0. OCLC 1044542033.

[4] Congressional Research Service (January 2024). The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States. The 574 Federally Recognized Indian Tribes in the United States. Retrieved on 2024-01-30.

[:2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Panhe (en-US). Sacred Land. Retrieved on 2024-01-30. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content

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