Kosmologi Alkitab

Kosmologi Alkitab adalah konsepsi para penulis Alkitab tentang kosmos sebagai entitas terstruktur dan terorganisir, termasuk cikal bakalnya, tatanannya, pengartiannya dan takdirnya.^[1]^[2] Alkitab dibentuk selama berabad-abad, melibatkan banyak penulis, dan merefleksikan susunan berubah dari keyakinan agama. Akibatnya, kosmologinya tak selalu konsisten.^[3]^[4] Tak ada teks Alkitab yang benar-benar mewakili keyakinan dari seluruh Yahudi atau Kristen pada masa karya-karya tersebut ditulis. Kebanyakan hal yang tertulis dalam Perjanjian Lama hanya mewakili sejumlah kecil komunistas Israel kuno, anggota tradisi keagamaan Yudea akhir yang terpusat di Yerusalem dan dicurahkan untuk pemujaan khusus kepada Yahweh.^[5]

Referensi

^ Lucas 2003, hlm. 130
^ Knight 1990, hlm. 175
^ Bernstein 1996, hlm. 134: "The canon of the Hebrew Bible [...] was formed of [...] diverse writings composed by many men or women over a long period of time, under many different circumstances, and in the light of shifting patterns of religious belief and practice. [...] Indeed, the questions under investigation in this book concerning the end of an individual's life, the nature of death, the possibility of divine judgment, and the resultant reward or punishment [...] are simply too crucial to have attracted a single solution unanimously accepted over the near millennium of biblical composition."
^ Berlin 2011, hlm. 188
^ Wright 2002, hlm. 52: "The religious ideology promoted in a majority of the texts that now form the Hebrew Bible represent the beliefs of only a small portion of the ancient Israelite community: the late Judean individuals who collected, edited, and transmitted the biblical materials were, for the most part, members of a religious tradition centered in Jerusalem that worshipped the god Yahweh exclusively."

Daftar pustaka

Aune, David E. (2003). "Cosmology". Westminster Dictionary of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature. Westminster John Knox Press.
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Beale, G.K. (2004). The Temple and the Church's mission. InterVarsity Press.
Berlin, Adele (2011). "Cosmology and creation". Dalam Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine. The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. Oxford University Press.
Bernstein, Alan E. (1996). The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds. Cornell University Press.
Bremmer, J.N. (1999). "Paradise in the Septuagint". Dalam Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. Paradise interpreted: representations of biblical paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Brill.
Burnett, Joel S. (2010). Where is God?: divine absence in the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press.
Collins, Adela Yarbro (2000). Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism. Brill.
Dahl, Edward H.; Gauvin, Jean-Francois (2003). Sphaerae Mundi. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
Davies, William David (1982). The Territorial Dimension of Judaism. University of California Press.
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Delumeau, Jean; O'Connell, Matthew (2000). Westminster Dictionary of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature. University of Illinois Press.
Farmer, Ronald L. (2005). Revelation. Chalice Press.
Fishbane, Michael (2003). Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826733-9.
Fretheim, Terence E. (2003). "Heaven(s)". Dalam Gowan, Donald E. The Westminster theological wordbook of the Bible. Westminster University Press.
Gillingham, Susan (2002). The image, the depths, and the surface. Continuum.
Habel, Norman C. (1975). The Book of Job. Cambridge University Press.
Habel, Norman C. (2001). "Earth First: Inverse Cosmology in Job". Dalam Habel, Norman C.; Wurst, Shirley. The Earth Story in Wisdom Traditions. Sheffield Academic Press.
Hartley, John E. (1988). The Book of Job. Eerdmans.
Hess, Richard S. (2007). Israelite Religions: An Archeological and Biblical Survey. Baker Academic Press.
Hiebert, Theodore (2009). "Genesis". Dalam O'Day, Gail R.; Petersen, David L. Theological Bible Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press.
Hoppe, Leslie J. (2000). The Holy City: Jerusalem in the theology of the Old Testament. Liturgical Press.
Horowitz, Wayne (1998). Mesopotamian cosmic geography. Eisenbrauns.
Janin, Hunt (2002). Four Paths to Jerusalem. McFarland.
Kaiser, Christopher B. (1997). Creational theology and the history of physical science. Brill.
Keel, Othmar (1997). The symbolism of the biblical world. Eisenbrauns.
Kelly, Henry A. (2010). "Hell with Purgatory and two Limbos". Dalam Moreira, Isabel; Toscano, Margaret. Hell and Its Afterlife: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Ashgate Publishing.
Kittel, Gerhard; Friedrich, Gerhard, ed. (1985). "Kosmos". Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Eerdmans.
Knight, Douglas A. (1990). "Cosmology". Dalam Watson E. Mills (General Editor). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press.
Knight, Douglas A.; Levine, Amy-Jill (2011). The Meaning of the Bible: What the Jewish Scriptures and Christian Old Testament Can Teach Us. HarperCollins.
Lee, Sang Meyng (2010). The Cosmic Drama of Salvation. Mohr Siebeck.
Lucas, E.L. (2003). "Cosmology". Dalam Alexander, T. Desmond; Baker, David W. Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. InterVarsity Press.
Mabie, F.J (2008). "Chaos and Death". Dalam Longman, Tremper; Enns, Peter. Dictionary of the Old Testament. InterVarsity Press.
Mills, Watson E. (1998). "Introduction". Mercer Commentary on the Bible: Pentateuch/Torah. Mercer University Press.
Noort, Ed (1999). "Gan-Eden in the context of the mythology of the Hebrew bible". Dalam Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. Paradise interpreted: representations of biblical paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Brill.
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Page Lee, H. (1990). "Council, Heavenly". Dalam Watson E. Mills (General Editor). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press.
Parrish, V. Steven (1990). "Creation". Dalam Watson E. Mills (General Editor). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press.
Parsons, Mikeal (2008). Acts. Baker Academic.
Pennington, Jonathan T. (2007). Heaven and earth in the Gospel of Matthew. Brill.
Perdue, Leo G. (1991). Wisdom in Revolt: Metaphorical Theology in the Book of Job. Sheffield Academic Press.
Reike, Bo (2001). "Hell". Dalam Metzger, Bruce Manning; Coogan, Michael David. The Oxford guide to ideas & issues of the Bible. Oxford University Press.
Ringgren, Helmer (1990). "Yam". Dalam Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Eerdmans.
Rochberg, Francesca (2010). In the Path of the Moon: Babylonian Celestial Divination and Its Legacy. Brill.
Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper; Duriez, Colin; Penney, Douglas; Reid, Daniel G., ed. (1998). "Cosmology". Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. InterVarsity Press.
Sarna, Nahum M. (1997). "The Mists of Time: Genesis I-II". Dalam Feyerick, Ada. Genesis: World of Myths and Patriarchs. New York: NYU Press. hlm. 560. ISBN 0-8147-2668-2.
Seybold, Klaus (1990). Introducing the Psalms. T&T Clarke.
Smith, Mark S. (2003). The Origins of Biblical Monotheism. Oxford University Press.
Stordalen, Terje (2000). Echoes of Eden. Peeters.
Tigghelaar, Eibert J.C. (1999). "Eden and Paradise". Dalam Luttikhuizen, Gerard P. Paradise interpreted: representations of biblical paradise in Judaism and Christianity. Brill.
Walton, John H.; Matthews, Victor H.; Chavalas, Mark W., ed. (2000). The IVP Bible background commentary: Old Testament. InterVarsity Press.
Walton, John H. (2006). Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible. Baker Academic. ISBN 0-8010-2750-0.
Walton, John H. (2011). Genesis. Zondervan.
Welch, John Woodland (2009). The Sermon on the Mount in the light of the Temple. Ashgate.
Wright, J. Edward (2002). The Early History of Heaven. Oxford University Press.
Wright, J. Edward (2004). "Whither Elijah?". Dalam Chazon, Esther G.; Satran, David; Clements, Ruth. Things revealed: studies in early Jewish and Christian literature in honor of Michael E. Stone. Brill.
Wyatt, Nick (2001). Space and Time in the Religious Life of the Near East. Sheffield University Press.

Templat:Teologi Kristen

[1] Lucas 2003, hlm. 130

[2] Knight 1990, hlm. 175

[3] Bernstein 1996, hlm. 134: "The canon of the Hebrew Bible [...] was formed of [...] diverse writings composed by many men or women over a long period of time, under many different circumstances, and in the light of shifting patterns of religious belief and practice. [...] Indeed, the questions under investigation in this book concerning the end of an individual's life, the nature of death, the possibility of divine judgment, and the resultant reward or punishment [...] are simply too crucial to have attracted a single solution unanimously accepted over the near millennium of biblical composition."

[Berlin_2011_188-4] Berlin 2011, hlm. 188

[5] Wright 2002, hlm. 52: "The religious ideology promoted in a majority of the texts that now form the Hebrew Bible represent the beliefs of only a small portion of the ancient Israelite community: the late Judean individuals who collected, edited, and transmitted the biblical materials were, for the most part, members of a religious tradition centered in Jerusalem that worshipped the god Yahweh exclusively."

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