पश्चिमी तट

वेस्ट बैंक
الضفة الغربية
הַגָּדָה הַמַּעֲרָבִית^[1]
वेस्ट बैंक; الضفة الغربية; הַגָּדָה הַמַּעֲרָבִית
देश और प्रदेश	फिलिस्तीन ( में दावा किए गए क्षेत्र अ (हरा) और नियंत्रित क्षेत्र ब (लाल)); इस्राइल (एकतरफा रूप से जोड़ा गया पूर्वी यरुशलम (नीला), इस्राइल-अधिकृत क्षेत्र के रूप में अंतरराष्ट्रीय मान्यता); क्षेत्र स (गुलाबी) (इस्राइल द्वारा अधिकृत और नियंत्रित);
जनसंख्या	3,340,143
क्षेत्र	5,655 कि॰मी2 (6.087×1010 वर्ग फुट)
भाषाएं	फिलिस्तीनी अरबी; आधुनिक इब्रानी;
धर्म	सुन्नी इस्लाम; यहूदी; इसाई; समैरियाईवाद
समय मंडल	UTC+2
मुद्रा	शेकेल (ILS)
ISO 3166 code	PS; IL

पश्चिमी किनारा या वेस्ट बैंक (अरबी: الضفة الغربية‎; इब्रानी: הגדה המערבית‎ या יהודה ושומרון), ^[3] पश्चिमी एशिया के भूमध्यसागरीय तट पर एक स्थलरूद्ध इलाका है, जिसके पूर्व में जॉर्डन और पूर्व और मृत सागर और दक्षिण, पश्चिम और उत्तर में इस्राइल स्थित है।^[2] 1967 में इस्राइल के कब्जे में आने के बाद से इस इलाके को फिलिस्तीनी राष्ट्रीय प्राधिकरण नागरिक शासन के तहत 167 फिलिस्तीनी "द्वीपों" और 230 इस्राइली बस्तियों जहाँ इस्राइली कानून लागू है, में विभाजित किया गया है।^[4]

1948 में अरब-इस्राइल युद्ध में जॉर्डन द्वारा कब्जा किए जाने के बाद इस इलाके को "वेस्ट बैंक" का नाम दिया गया था क्योंकि यह जॉर्डन नदी के पश्चिम तट पर स्थित है। जॉर्डन ने बाद में 1950 में इस क्षेत्र पर कब्जा कर लिया और 1967 तक इसे नियन्त्रित किया। 1967 में एक छह-दिवसीय युद्ध के दौरान इस्राइल ने इस इलाके को अपने कब्ज़े में ले लिया।

फिलिस्तीन लिबरेशन ऑर्गनाइजेशन और इस्राइल के बीच हस्ताक्षर किए गए ओस्लो समझौते ने प्रत्येक क्षेत्र के भीतर फिलिस्तीनी स्वायत्तता के विभिन्न स्तरों के साथ प्रशासनिक जिले बनाए। क्षेत्र 'स' जो पश्चिमी किनारे का लगभग 60% से अधिक है पर इस्राइल ने पूर्ण नागरिक और सुरक्षा नियन्त्रण बनाए रखा है।^[5]

वेस्ट बैंक जिसमें पूर्वी यरुशलम शामिल है लगभग 5,640 वर्ग किमी का भू-भाग और 220 वर्ग किमी का जल क्षेत्र है, जिसमें मृत सागर के उत्तर-पश्चिमी चतुर्थांश शामिल है। जुलाई 2017 तक इसकी अनुमानित आबादी 27,47,943 फिलिस्तीनियों और लगभग 3,91,000 इस्राइलियों और पूर्वी यरुशलम में लगभग 2,01,200 इस्राइलियों की है। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय समुदाय पश्चिमी किनाने में इस्राइली बस्तियों को मान्यता देता है, जिसमें पूर्वी यरुशलम शामिल है हालाँकि यह अन्तरराष्ट्रीय कानून के तहत अवैध है, हालाँकि इस्राइल इसे वैध मानता है।^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] अन्तरराष्ट्रीय न्यायालय के परामर्शी निर्णय (2004) के अनुसार 1967 के इस्राइली कब्ज़े के बाद घटित होने वाली घटनाएँ जिनमें 'यरुशलम कानून', जॉर्डन के साथ इस्राइल की शान्ति सन्धि और ओस्लो समझौते शामिल हैं, ने वेस्ट बैंक की स्थिति में कोई बदलाव नहीं किया है।

सन्दर्भ

↑ Karayanni, Michael (2014). Conflicts in a Conflict. पृ॰ xi.
↑ ^अ ^आ "The World Factbook – Middle East: West Bank". Central Intelligence Agency. 26 सितम्बर 2018. मूल से 23 मई 2020 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 3 अक्टूबर 2018.
↑ רוזנפלד, שאול; אופנהיימר, יריב (2010). "המהפך של נתניהו". ynet. ההיסטוריים והאידיאולוגיים שנכרכו עם השנים במונחים גדה מערבית ויהודה ושומרון; Ginges, Jeremy, and Scott Atran. "Sacred values and cultural conflict." Advances in culture and psychology 4 (2013): 278–279. quote: Notwithstanding its abstractness, to religious settlers many of the more significant places that they lay claim to—from the old city of Jerusalem to the “Cave of the Patriarchs” (Me’arat ha-Machpela)—are in what the rest of the world calls the West Bank but what they refer to as Yehuda VeShomron.
↑ "इसराइल वेस्ट बैंक पर क्यों क़ब्ज़ा करना चाहता है और फ़लस्तीनी क्षेत्र में क्यों हैं यहूदी बस्तियां?".
↑ "Area C and the future of Palestinian economy" (PDF). World Bank. अभिगमन तिथि 7 September 2015.
↑ Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. JSTOR 2203016. S2CID 145514740. डीओआइ:10.2307/2203016. मूल (PDF) से 15 फ़रवरी 2020 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 29 दिसंबर 2020. The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.
↑ Pertile, Marco (2005). "'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory': A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law?". प्रकाशित Conforti, Benedetto; Bravo, Luigi (संपा॰). The Italian Yearbook of International Law. 14. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. पृ॰ 141. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-90-04-15027-0. the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars.
↑ Barak-Erez, Daphne (2006). "Israel: The security barrier—between international law, constitutional law, and domestic judicial review". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 4 (3): 548. डीओआइ:10.1093/icon/mol021. The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation.
↑ Drew, Catriona (1997). "Self-determination and population transfer". प्रकाशित Bowen, Stephen (संपा॰). Human rights, self-determination and political change in the occupied Palestinian territories. International studies in human rights. 52. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. पपृ॰ 151–152. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-90-411-0502-8. It can thus clearly be concluded that the transfer of Israeli settlers into the occupied territories violates not only the laws of belligerent occupation but the Palestinian right of self-determination under international law. The question remains, however, whether this is of any practical value. In other words, given the view of the international community that the Israeli settlements are illegal under the law if belligerent occupation, what purpose does it serve to establish that an additional breach of international law has occurred?

यह लेख एक आधार है। जानकारी जोड़कर इसे बढ़ाने में विकिपीडिया की मदद करें।

[1] Karayanni, Michael (2014). Conflicts in a Conflict. पृ॰ xi.

[CIA-2] अ ^आ "The World Factbook – Middle East: West Bank". Central Intelligence Agency. 26 सितम्बर 2018. मूल से 23 मई 2020 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 3 अक्टूबर 2018.

[3] רוזנפלד, שאול; אופנהיימר, יריב (2010). "המהפך של נתניהו". ynet. ההיסטוריים והאידיאולוגיים שנכרכו עם השנים במונחים גדה מערבית ויהודה ושומרון; Ginges, Jeremy, and Scott Atran. "Sacred values and cultural conflict." Advances in culture and psychology 4 (2013): 278–279. quote: Notwithstanding its abstractness, to religious settlers many of the more significant places that they lay claim to—from the old city of Jerusalem to the “Cave of the Patriarchs” (Me’arat ha-Machpela)—are in what the rest of the world calls the West Bank but what they refer to as Yehuda VeShomron.

[4] "इसराइल वेस्ट बैंक पर क्यों क़ब्ज़ा करना चाहता है और फ़लस्तीनी क्षेत्र में क्यों हैं यहूदी बस्तियां?".

[worldbank-5] "Area C and the future of Palestinian economy" (PDF). World Bank. अभिगमन तिथि 7 September 2015.

[6] Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. JSTOR 2203016. S2CID 145514740. डीओआइ:10.2307/2203016. मूल (PDF) से 15 फ़रवरी 2020 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 29 दिसंबर 2020. The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.

[maj-7] Pertile, Marco (2005). "'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory': A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law?". प्रकाशित Conforti, Benedetto; Bravo, Luigi (संपा॰). The Italian Yearbook of International Law. 14. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. पृ॰ 141. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-90-04-15027-0. the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars.

[8] Barak-Erez, Daphne (2006). "Israel: The security barrier—between international law, constitutional law, and domestic judicial review". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 4 (3): 548. डीओआइ:10.1093/icon/mol021. The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation.

[9] Drew, Catriona (1997). "Self-determination and population transfer". प्रकाशित Bowen, Stephen (संपा॰). Human rights, self-determination and political change in the occupied Palestinian territories. International studies in human rights. 52. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. पपृ॰ 151–152. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-90-411-0502-8. It can thus clearly be concluded that the transfer of Israeli settlers into the occupied territories violates not only the laws of belligerent occupation but the Palestinian right of self-determination under international law. The question remains, however, whether this is of any practical value. In other words, given the view of the international community that the Israeli settlements are illegal under the law if belligerent occupation, what purpose does it serve to establish that an additional breach of international law has occurred?

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