Kinshasa

Kinshasa
	;
Suna saboda	Leopold II of Belgium (en)
Wuri
	4°19′19″S 15°18′43″E / 4.3219°S 15.3119°E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango
Province (en)	Kinshasa (en)
Babban birnin	Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango (1997–); Belgian Congo (en) ; Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (en) ; Zaire (en) (1971–1997); Q60852075
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	11,855,000 (2016)
• Yawan mutane	1,189.66 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Faransanci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	9,965 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Kogin Congo
Altitude (en)	240 m
Sun raba iyaka da	Kongo Central (en) ; Brazzaville ; Mai-Ndombe Province (en) ; Kwilu (en) ; Kwango Province (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Wanda ya samar	Henry Morton Stanley (mul)
Ƙirƙira	1881
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+01:00
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	0987-
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2	CD-KN
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	kinshasa.cd

Kinshasa (lafazi : /kinshasa/) Birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango. Shi ne babban birnin ƙasar Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango. Kinshasa tana da yawan jama'a 12 071 000, bisa ga jimillar 2016. An gina birnin Kinshasa a ƙarshen karni na sha tara.

Birnin Kinshasa kuma yana daya daga cikin larduna 26 na DRC . Saboda iyakokin gudanarwa na lardin birni sun ƙunshi yanki mai faɗi, sama da kashi 90 cikin 100 na ƙasar lardin birni ƙauye ne, kuma yankin birni yana da ɗan ƙaramin yanki amma faɗaɗawa a gefen yamma. ^[1]

Kinshasa ita ce yanki na uku mafi girma a Afirka bayan Alkahira da Legas . ^[2] Har ila yau, shi ne yanki mafi girma a duniya wanda aka fi sani da harshen Faransanci, wanda Faransanci ya kasance yaren gwamnati, ilimi, kafofin watsa labaru, sabis na jama'a da kasuwanci mafi girma a cikin birnin, yayin da Lingala ke amfani da shi azaman yare a kan titi. ^[3] Kinshasa ta karbi bakuncin taron Francophonie na 14th a watan Oktoba 2012. ^[4] Mazauna Kinshasa an san su da Kinois (a cikin Faransanci kuma wani lokacin cikin Ingilishi) ko Kinshasans (Turanci). Mutanen yankin sun hada da Humbu [fr] da Teke . Birnin ya fuskanci Brazzaville, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Congo makwabciyarta . Kodayake tazarar kogin yana tsakanin 2 zuwa 3 km fadi a wannan lokacin, biranen biyu sune manyan biranen biyu mafi kusa a duniya (bayan Vatican City da Rome ).

Tarihi

Henry Morton Stanley ya kafa birnin a matsayin wurin kasuwanci a shekara ta 1881. ^[5] An ba shi suna Léopoldville don girmama Sarki Leopold II na Belgians, wanda ke iko da Jamhuriyar Kwango 'Yanci, babban yanki wanda a yanzu Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, ba a matsayin mulkin mallaka ba amma a matsayin dukiya mai zaman kansa. Matsayin ya sami bunƙasa a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa na farko da ake kewayawa a Kogin Kongo sama da Livingstone Falls, jerin hanzari sama da 300 kilometres (190 mi) ƙasa da Leopoldville. Da farko, duk kayan da suka isa ta teku ko kuma aka aika ta teku dole ne ’yan dako su ɗauke su a tsakanin Léopoldville da Matadi, tashar jiragen ruwa da ke ƙasa da rapids da 150 kilometres (93 mi) daga bakin teku. Kammala hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Matadi-Kinshasa, a cikin 1898, ya ba da madadin hanya a kusa da rapids kuma ya haifar da saurin ci gaba na Léopoldville. A cikin 1914, an shigar da bututun mai don a iya jigilar danyen mai daga Matadi zuwa masu tudun ruwa a Leopoldville. ^[6] A shekara ta 1923, an ɗaukaka birnin zuwa babban birnin Kongo Belgian, wanda ya maye gurbin garin Boma a cikin yankin Kongo. ^[6] Garin, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Léo" ko "Leopold", ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci kuma ya girma cikin sauri a lokacin mulkin mallaka

Bayan samun 'yencin kai a ranar 30 ga watan Yunin 1960, bayan tarzoma a shekara ta 1959, Jamhuriyar Kongo ta zabi firaministanta na farko, Patrice Lumumba wanda ake kallon ra'ayinsa na goyon bayan Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin barazana daga muradun kasashen yamma. Wannan kasancewar kololuwar yakin cacar baka, Amurka da Beljiyam ba su so su rasa ikon mallakar dabarun tattalin arzikin Kongo, musamman ma sinadarin Uranium. Kasa da shekara guda da zaben Lumumba, 'yan Belgium da Amurka sun sayi goyon bayan abokan hamayyarsa na Kongo tare da fara aiwatar da al'amuran da suka kai ga kisan Lumumba. ^[7] A cikin 1964, Moïse Tshombe ya ba da umarnin korar dukkan 'yan Jamhuriyar Kongo, Burundi da Mali, da kuma duk 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa daga Rwanda . ^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11] A cikin 1965, tare da taimakon Amurka da Belgium, Joseph-Désiré Mobutu ya karɓe mulki a Kongo. Ya ƙaddamar da manufar " Gaskiya ," ƙoƙarin sake sabunta sunayen mutane da wurare a cikin ƙasar. A cikin 1966, Léopoldville aka sake masa suna Kinshasa, don wani ƙauye mai suna Kinshasa wanda ya taɓa tsayawa kusa da wurin, a yau Kinshasa (kwamfuta) . Birnin ya girma cikin sauri a karkashin Mobutu, inda ya jawo mutane daga ko'ina cikin kasar da suka zo neman dukiyarsu ko kuma su guje wa rikicin kabilanci a wasu wurare, wanda ya kara yawan kabilu da harsunan da aka riga aka samu a can

A shekara ta 1991 birnin ya zama tilas ya kare sojojin da suka tayar da tarzoma, wadanda ke nuna adawa da gazawar gwamnati na biyansu albashi. Daga baya aka fara boren 'yan tawaye, wanda a shekarar 1997 ya kawo karshen mulkin Mobutu. ^[12] Kinshasa ta sha wahala sosai daga wuce gona da iri na Mobutu, cin hanci da rashawa da cin hanci da rashawa, son zuciya da yakin basasa wanda ya kai ga faduwarsa. Duk da haka, har yanzu ita ce babbar cibiyar al'adu da ilimi ga Afirka ta Tsakiya, tare da bunƙasa al'umma na mawaƙa da masu fasaha. Har ila yau, ita ce babbar cibiyar masana'antu ta kasar, inda ake sarrafa yawancin kayayyakin da ake kawowa daga ciki,

Joseph Kabila, shugaban Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango daga 2001 zuwa 2019, bai yi fice a Kinshasa ba. ^[13] Tashin hankali ya barke bayan sanarwar nasarar Kabila a zaben 2006 da aka fafata; Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta tura dakaru ( EUFOR RD Congo ) domin shiga rundunar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a birnin. Sanarwar da aka fitar a shekarar 2016 na cewa za a jinkirta wani sabon zabe shekaru biyu ne ya haifar da zanga-zangar da aka yi a watan Satumba da Disamba wanda ya hada da shingaye a kan tituna tare da kashe mutane da dama. An rufe makarantu da kasuwanci. ^[14] ^[15]