test/triedb: Add comprehensive test suite for the triedb package

[GarmashAlex]

This commit adds a comprehensive test suite for the triedb package, which is a critical component that manages the Merkle Patricia Trie data structure in Ethereum.
The added tests cover the following functionalities:

• Preimage management and storage
• Database scheme identification (hash-based and path-based)
• Size reporting and memory management
• Verkle Tries support
• Access to the underlying disk database
• Memory usage limitation (Cap)