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Iglesia nacional

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Una Iglesia nacional es aquella iglesia cristiana asociada directamente a un grupo étnico o a un Estado nación. Estas pueden ser la religión oficial de un Estado confesional o simplemente conservar la tradición por el vínculo de la fe cristiana en una nación determinada donde existe la separación Iglesia-Estado.

Este concepto hace alusión en sus inicios principalmente al protestantismo en el Reino Unido y los países nórdicos, mientras que en el caso de Inglaterra es el común denominador para la Iglesia de Inglaterra, en algunas «Iglesias del Pueblo» de Escandinavia, se caracterizan por ser nacionales en el sentido étnico y no así como una iglesia estatal, siguiendo las ideas de Nikolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig. De todos modos, en la mayoría de los países donde la iglesia estatal es seguida por la mayoría de los ciudadanos, puede ser también la iglesia nacional y declarada por el gobierno nacional, como por ejemplo, la Iglesia del Pueblo Danés, la Iglesia ortodoxa de Grecia o la Iglesia nacional de Islandia.

Iglesias nacionales por país

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País Iglesia nacional Rama
Bandera de Albania Albania Iglesia ortodoxa albanesa Ortodoxa
Bandera de Alemania Alemania Iglesia Evangélica en Alemania[1]​ y la Iglesia católica[1]​ Protestante y católica
Bandera de Armenia Armenia Iglesia apostólica armenia[2]​ Ortodoxa oriental
Bandera de Bulgaria Bulgaria Iglesia ortodoxa búlgara[3]​ Ortodoxa
Bandera de Dinamarca Dinamarca Iglesia del Pueblo Danés[4]​ Luterana
Bandera de Inglaterra Inglaterra Iglesia de Inglaterra[5]​ Anglicana
Bandera de Egipto Egipto Iglesia ortodoxa copta[6]​ Ortodoxa oriental
Bandera de Escocia Escocia Iglesia de Escocia[7]​ Presbiteriana

Calvinista

Bandera de Estonia Estonia Iglesia Evangélica Luterana Estonia[8]​ Luterana
Bandera de Etiopía Etiopía Iglesia ortodoxa etíope[9]​ Ortodoxa oriental
Bandera de Islas Feroe Islas Feroe Iglesia de las Islas Feroe[10]​ Luterana
Bandera de Finlandia Finlandia Iglesia evangélica luterana de Finlandia[11]​ y la Iglesia ortodoxa de Finlandia[12]​ Luterana y ortodoxa
Bandera de Gales Gales Iglesia de Gales[13]​ Anglicana
Bandera de Georgia Georgia Iglesia ortodoxa y apostólica georgiana[14]​ Ortodoxa
Bandera de Grecia Grecia Iglesia ortodoxa de Grecia[15]​ Ortodoxa
Bandera de Islandia Islandia Iglesia nacional de Islandia[16]​ Luterana
Bandera de Irlanda Irlanda Iglesia de Irlanda Anglicana
Bandera de Líbano Líbano Iglesia católica maronita[17]​ Católica
Bandera de Macedonia del Norte Macedonia del Norte Iglesia ortodoxa macedonia[18]​ Ortodoxa
Bandera de Noruega Noruega Iglesia de Noruega[19]​ Luterana
Bandera de Rumania Rumania Iglesia ortodoxa rumana Ortodoxa
Bandera de Rusia Rusia Iglesia ortodoxa rusa[20]​ Ortodoxa
Bandera de Serbia Serbia Iglesia ortodoxa serbia[21]​ Ortodoxa
Bandera de Suecia Suecia Iglesia de Suecia[22]​ Luterana
Bandera de Tuvalu Tuvalu Iglesia de Tuvalu[23]​ Calvinista
Bandera de Ucrania Ucrania Iglesia ortodoxa de Ucrania[24]​ Ortodoxa

Véase también

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Referencias

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  1. ↑ a b Gelder, Craig Van (2008). The Missional Church and Denominations. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 9780802863584. «Germany's two churches (the National Church for the Protestants and the Roman Catholic Church) were “proper”with respect to their polities.» 
  2. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (1 de enero de 2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 53. ISBN 9781438110257. «The Armenian Apostolic Church, sometimes referred to as the Gregorian Armenian Church by Western scholars, serves as the national church of the Armenian people.» 
  3. ↑ Hall, Richard C. (1 de enero de 2012). The Modern Balkans: A History. Reaktion Books. p. 51. ISBN 9781780230061. «While this did not restore the Ohrid patriarchate, it did acknowledge the separation between the Orthodox church in Constantinople and the Bulgarian Orthodox church, which was now free to develop as the Bulgarian national church.» 
  4. ↑ Venbrux, Eric; Quartier, Thomas; Venhorst, Claudia; Brenda Mathijssen (September 2013). Changing European Death Ways. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 178. ISBN 9783643900678. «Simultaneously the church tax, ministers being public servants, and the status of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark as the national church indicate that the state lends its support to the church.» 
  5. ↑ Britannicus (1834). The Church of England. p. 17. Consultado el 29 de julio de 2014. «Having, in my last, arrive at the great points which I wished to establish--the apostolicity, independence, and authority of the Church of England; and that she is necessarily the National Church, because Christianity is the National Religion.» 
  6. ↑ Makari, Peter E. (2007). Conflict & Cooperation: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Egypt. Syracuse University Press. p. 42. ISBN 9780815631446. «The Coptic Orthodox Church is the historic, and national, church of Egypt and is deeply tied to a monastic tradition of spiritual growth and preparation for ministry of monks and nuns, a tradition that continues to thrive.» 
  7. ↑ Morton, Andrew R. (1994). God's Will in a Time of Crisis: A Colloquium Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Baillie Commission. Edinburgh: CTPI. p. 14. ISBN 9781870126274. «In October 1929, the Established Church and the United Free Church were united to form the national Church of Scotland.» 
  8. ↑ Elvy, Peter (1991). Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting. Edinburgh: CTPI. p. 23. ISBN 9781870126151. «Denominationally Estonia is Lutheran. During the time of national independence (1918-1940), 80% of the population belonged to the Lutheran National Church, about 17% were Orthodox Christians and the rest belonged to Free Churches.» 
  9. ↑ Lorance, Cody (2008). Ethnographic Chicago. p. 140. ISBN 9780615218625. «Her findings show that the development of the national church of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which began in the fourth century and made Christianity the state religion of Ethiopia, was also a major contributor to national development in the fields of independence, social progress, national unity and empowerment, literary development, arts, architecture, music, publication, and declaration of a national language and leadership, both spiritually and military.» 
  10. ↑ Proctor, James (13 de mayo de 2013). Faroe Islands. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 19. ISBN 9781841624563. «Religion is important to the Faroese and 84% of the population belongs to the established national church in the islands, the Evangelical—Lutheran Foroya Kirkja, which has 61 churches in the Faroes and three out of every four marriages are held in one.» 
  11. ↑ Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Britanncia Educational Publishing. 1 de junio de 2013. p. 77. ISBN 9781615309955. «One of Finland's national churches is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Evankelis—luterilainen—kirkko), or simply the Church of Finland.» 
  12. ↑ Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf, Richard B. (2005). Language Planning and Policy in Europe. Multilingual Matters. p. 147. ISBN 9781853598111. «Currently, a clear majority of the population belongs to the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church, and 1% of the population are members of the other national church, the Finnish Orthodox Church (see Table 7).» 
  13. ↑ Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. William Blackwood & Sons. 1895. p. 142. «The Church in Wales [is] ... the National Church in every sense of the word, not only theoretically but practically.» 
  14. ↑ Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (21 de septiembre de 2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. ABC-CLIO. p. 1195. ISBN 9781598842043. «The Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) is the Eastern Orthodox Christian body that serves as the national church of the Caucasian country of Georgia. The great majority of Georgians are members of the church.» 
  15. ↑ Miller, James Edward (2009). The United States and the Making of Modern Greece: History and Power, 1950-1974. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 12. ISBN 9780807832479. «The creation of a national church of Greece, which the patriarch reluctantly recognized in 1850, set a pattern for other emerging Balkan states to form national churches independent of Constantinople.» 
  16. ↑ Wilcox, Jonathan; Latif, Zawiah Abdul (1 de septiembre de 2006). Iceland. Marshall Cavendish. p. 85. ISBN 9780761420743. «The National Church of Iceland, formally called the Evangelical-Lutheran Church, is the state religion, and the president of Iceland is its supreme authority.» 
  17. ↑ Ajami, Fouad (30 de mayo de 2012). The Syrian Rebellion. Hoover Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780817915063. «The Maronite Church is a national church. Its creed is attachment to Lebanon and its independence. The founding ethos of the Maronites is their migration from the Syrian plains to the freedom and “purity” of their home in Mount Lebanon.» 
  18. ↑ Rae, Heather (15 de agosto de 2002). State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples. Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 9780521797085. «The creation of a national Church was also central to building national identity, with the Macedonian Orthodox Church (MOC) established in 1967, much to the outrage of the Serbian Orthodox Church.» 
  19. ↑ Cristofori, Rinaldo; Ferrari, Silvio (28 de febrero de 2013). Law and Religion in the 21st Century: Relations between States and Religious Communities. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 194. ISBN 9781409497332. «The State shall support all religious communities including the Church of Norway on an equal footing, but the Church of Norway shall 'remain the people's Church and is as such supported by the State', thereby upholding its function as a national Church.» 
  20. ↑ Prizel, Ilya (13 de agosto de 1998). National Identity and Foreign Policy: Nationalism and Leadership in Poland, Russia and Ukraine. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 9780521576970. «Although nominally a national church, the Russian Orthodox Church developed from a defensive, nativist institution to the ideological foundation of an imperial idea.» 
  21. ↑ Tomasevich, Jozo (1 de enero de 1975). The Chetniks. Stanford University Press. p. 176. ISBN 9780804708579. «He also had the support of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which as a national church long identified with the national destiny and aspirations of the Serbian people was naturally inclined to identify itself with the movement that had the backing of the king and the Servian-dominated government-in-exile.» 
  22. ↑ Gilley, Sheridan; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. p. 354. ISBN 9780521814560. «The Church of Sweden could be characterised as 'national church' or 'folk church', but not as 'state church', because the independence of the church was expressed by the establishment of a Church Assembly in 1863.» 
  23. ↑ West, Barbara A. (1 de enero de 2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 845. ISBN 9781438119137. «A second important cultural feature of the Tuvaluan nation is the centrality of the national church, the Ekalesia o Tuvalu, or Church of Tuvalu, in which up to 97 percent of the population claims membership.» 
  24. ↑ Velychenko, Stephen (1 de enero de 1992). National History as Cultural Process: A Survey of the Interpretations of Ukraine's Past in Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian Historical Writing from the Earliest Times to 1914. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. p. 199. ISBN 9780920862759. «For this reason the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was the true democratic national church of the Ukrainian nation.» 
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