speculor

Latin

Etymology

From specula.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈspe.ku.lor/, [ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈspe.ku.lor/, [ˈspɛːkulor]

Verb

speculor (present infinitive speculārī, perfect active speculātus sum); first conjugation, deponent

1. to watch, to observe
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.6:

     Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.

     As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, yet shall live; but you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trusty guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.

2. to examine, to explore
3. to spy

Conjugation

   Conjugation of speculor (first conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	speculor	speculāris, speculāre	speculātur	speculāmur	speculāminī	speculantur
	imperfect	speculābar	speculābāris, speculābāre	speculābātur	speculābāmur	speculābāminī	speculābantur
	future	speculābor	speculāberis, speculābere	speculābitur	speculābimur	speculābiminī	speculābuntur
	perfect	speculātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	speculātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	speculātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	speculer	speculēris, speculēre	speculētur	speculēmur	speculēminī	speculentur
imperfect	speculārer	speculārēris, speculārēre	speculārētur	speculārēmur	speculārēminī	speculārentur
perfect	speculātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	speculātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	speculāre	—	—	speculāminī	—
	future	—	speculātor	speculātor	—	—	speculantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		speculārī	speculātum esse	speculātūrum esse	—	—	—
participles		speculāns	speculātus	speculātūrus	—	—	speculandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		speculandī	speculandō	speculandum	speculandō	speculātum	speculātū

Derived terms

• speculātiō, speculātor

Descendants

• Catalan: especular
• →⇒ Dutch: speculeren
• →⇒ English: speculate
• →⇒ Finnish: spekuloida
• French: spéculer
• → Ido: spekular
• Italian: specolare, speculare
• →⇒ German: spekulieren
• →⇒ Norwegian:
  • Bokmål: spekulere
  • Nyorsk: spekulere
• Portuguese: especular
• Romanian: specula
• →⇒ Russian: спекулировать (spekulirovatʹ)
• Sicilian: spijari
• Spanish: aspillar, especular
• →⇒ Swedish: spekulera

References

• “speculor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “speculor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• speculor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.