relativity

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English

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WOTD – 14 March 2021

Etymology

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According to Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity (sense 2.1), objects in a gravitational field behave the same way as objects in an enclosure which is accelerating. Thus, an observer who is in a rocket accelerating at 9.8 m/s2 (the acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface) (left) will see a ball falling in the same way as it does on Earth (right).

From relative (“connected to or depending on something else”) +‎ -ity (suffix forming nouns from adjectives where the nouns refer to the properties, qualities, or states described by the adjectives). Sense 2.1 (“reliance of the nature of physical phenomena on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed”) is a translation of German Relativität (“relativity”) used in the works[1] of the German-American theoretical physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955).[2]

Morphologically relative +‎ -ity

Pronunciation

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Noun

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relativity (usually uncountable, plural relativities)

  1. (uncountable) The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this.
  2. (uncountable, physics) Short for principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).
    1. (specifically) Also Einsteinian relativity: the reliance of the nature of physical phenomena (such as gravity, light, mass, and time) on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed, as developed by Albert Einstein in two theories, special relativity and general relativity.
  3. (countable, chiefly in the plural) An evaluation of the similarities and differences between things; a comparison; hence, a difference in position or status between things; a disparity.
    1. (economics, specifically) The difference in pay or positions between different employees in a business (internal relativity), or between different businesses (external relativity); a differential.

Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^ For example, A[lbert] Einstein (1905 June 30) “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper [On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies]”, in Paul Drude, editor, Annalen der Physik [Annals of Physics], volume 17 (4th Series; volume 322 overall), number 10, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 891–921; A[lbert] Einstein (1916 March 20) “Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie [The Foundation of the Generalized Theory of Relativity]”, in W[ilhelm] Wein and M[ax] Planck, editors, Annalen der Physik, volume 49 (4th Series; volume 354 overall), number 7, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 769–822.
  2. ^ “relativity, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2009; “relativity, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Further reading

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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relativity f

  1. inflection of relativita:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural
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