on-

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English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English on-, from Old English on-, an-, from Proto-West Germanic *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *an-, *ana- (on-), from Proto-Indo-European *ano-, *nō- (on). Cognate with Dutch aan-, German an-, Swedish an-. Doublet of ana-.

Prefix

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on-

  1. on, at, toward, upon.
    oncome, onset, onfall, onlay

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch on-, from Old Dutch un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Prefix

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on-

  1. un-, in- (expresses negation)
  2. bad, grave, horrifying
    on- + ‎mens (human being) → ‎onmens (brute, barbarian)
    on- + ‎dier (animal) → ‎ondier (monster)
    on- + ‎ding (thing) → ‎onding (something unacceptable, absurd)
    on- + ‎kruid (herb) → ‎onkruid (weed)
    on- + ‎weer (weather) → ‎onweer (storm, severe weather)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: on-
  • Petjo: on

Etymology 2

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From Middle Dutch on, from Old Dutch *āna, from Proto-Germanic *ēnu (without), from Proto-Indo-European *anew, *enew (without).

Prefix

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on-

  1. on, without
Derived terms
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Luxembourgish

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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on-

  1. un-, in-

Derived terms

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Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Prefix

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on-

  1. un-, in-

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-West Germanic *an-, *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *an, *ana (on).

    Alternative forms

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    Prefix

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    on-

    1. forming verbs and adjectives from participles and nouns, with various senses of on, upon, to, there, thither
      onhlinianto lean on
      ondōnto don, put on clothes
    2. (inchoative) in, into; prefix used to intensify an action or to denote origin or initiation
      onlīehtanto enlighten
      onstellan, onstiellanto establish, institute, install, originate
    Usage notes
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    • This is a verbal prefix, and is always unstressed.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    From unstressed form of and- (and-).

    Prefix

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    on-

    1. denoting reverse action
      onbindanto untie, unbind
      onfealdanto unfold
    2. off, away
      onberanto carry off
    Usage notes
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    • This is a verbal prefix, and is always unstressed.
    Derived terms
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    Ye'kwana

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    Variant orthographies
    ALIV on-
    Brazilian standard on-
    New Tribes on-

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    on-

    1. allomorph of ön- (negative/sociative irrealis prefix) used for stems that have a first vowel o or u.