louten

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlou̯tɛn]

Noun

louten f pl

1. genitive plural of loutna

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English lūtan, from Proto-Germanic *lūtaną.

Alternative forms

• loute, lowten, lowton, lowtyn, lowte, lutenn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈluːtən/

Verb

louten

2. (transitive, intransitive) To bow; to lower oneself in prostration or submission.
3. (transitive, intransitive) To become submissive; to follow the orders of or yield to somebody.
4. (transitive, intransitive) To pray or show devotion towards a deity or religious figure.
5. (usually transitive) To revere or admire; to show deference for somebody.
6. (intransitive) To crouch or squat; to lower one's body.
7. (transitive, intransitive) To lower one's head; to slouch or droop.
8. (intransitive) To fall over; to topple (often in the context of death)
9. (intransitive, rare) To travel or go downwards or down.
10. (transitive, intransitive, figurative) To decline; to suffer from ill luck.

Usage notes

The inflection of this verb as a class 2 strong verb (let, *louten, *loten) is restricted to Early Middle English and even then rare.

Conjugation

Conjugation of louten (weak in -ed/suffixless or strong class 2)

infinitive	(to) louten, loute
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	loute	louted, loute, let
2nd-person singular	loutest	loutedest, loutest, let
3rd-person singular	louteth	louted, loute, let
subjunctive singular	loute	louted1, loute1
imperative singular		—
plural2	louten, loute	louteden, loutede, louten, loute
imperative plural	louteth, loute	—
participles	loutynge, loutende	louted, lout, ylouted, ylout

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• lowting

Descendants

• English: lout (obsolete)
• Scots: lout, loot, lowt

References

• “lǒuten, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-14.

Etymology 2

From Old English lūtian, from Proto-Germanic *lutōną.

Alternative forms

• lutie

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈluːtən/, /ˈluːtjən/

Verb

louten

2. (transitive, intransitive) To conceal; to place out of sight.
3. (transitive, intransitive, rare) To live or inhabit.

Conjugation

Conjugation of louten (weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) louten, loute
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	loute	louted
2nd-person singular	loutest	loutedest
3rd-person singular	louteth	louted
subjunctive singular	loute
imperative singular		—
plural1	louten, loute	louteden, loutede
imperative plural	louteth, loute	—
participles	loutynge, loutende	louted, ylouted

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References

• “lǒuten, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-14.