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labor

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Labor

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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  • labour (non-American spelling)

Pronunciation

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  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈleɪ.bɚ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɪbə(ɹ)

Noun

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labor (countable and uncountable, plural labors)

  1. (chiefly US) Alternative spelling of labour

Derived terms

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Terms derived from labor (noun)
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Verb

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labor (third-person singular simple present labors, present participle laboring, simple past and past participle labored)

  1. US standard spelling of labour.

Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin labōrem.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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labor m (plural labors)

  1. labour, work

Estonian

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Etymology

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Clipping of laboratoorium.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈlɑb̥or/, [ˈlɑb̥or]
  • Rhymes: -ɑbor
  • Hyphenation: la‧bor

Noun

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labor (genitive labori, partitive laborit)

  1. lab, laboratorium
    Synonym: laboratoorium

Declension

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Declension of labor (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative labor laborid
accusative nom.
gen. labori
genitive laborite
partitive laborit laboreid
illative laborisse laboritesse
laboreisse
inessive laboris laborites
laboreis
elative laborist laboritest
laboreist
allative laborile laboritele
laboreile
adessive laboril laboritel
laboreil
ablative laborilt laboritelt
laboreilt
translative laboriks laboriteks
laboreiks
terminative laborini laboriteni
essive laborina laboritena
abessive laborita laboriteta
comitative laboriga laboritega

References

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  • labor in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “labor”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Labor.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈlɒbor]
  • Hyphenation: la‧bor

Noun

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labor (plural laborok)

  1. (informal) lab, laboratory
    Synonym: laboratórium

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative labor laborok
accusative labort laborokat
dative labornak laboroknak
instrumental laborral laborokkal
causal-final laborért laborokért
translative laborrá laborokká
terminative laborig laborokig
essive-formal laborként laborokként
essive-modal — —
inessive laborban laborokban
superessive laboron laborokon
adessive labornál laboroknál
illative laborba laborokba
sublative laborra laborokra
allative laborhoz laborokhoz
elative laborból laborokból
delative laborról laborokról
ablative labortól laboroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		laboré laboroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		laboréi laborokéi
Possessive forms of labor
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. laborom laborjaim
2nd person sing. laborod laborjaid
3rd person sing. laborja laborjai
1st person plural laborunk laborjaink
2nd person plural laborotok laborjaitok
3rd person plural laborjuk laborjaik

References

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  1. ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *leb- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”)[1] (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative.[2] The semantic connection is weak in either case.

Prósper (2019, 27 (483)) suggests a possible root *dh̥₂bʰ-ōs, cognate with Lithuanian dobti (“to strike, beat, kill, (dial.) torment, exhaust”). See source for more.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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labor m (genitive labōris); third declension

  2. work
  3. labor, toil, exertion
    Synonyms: cōnātus, studium, opus, opera, cūra, mōlīmen, intēnsiō, mōlēs, pulvis
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.641–642:
      rege Numa, frūctū nōn respondente labōrī,
      inrita dēceptī vōta colentīs erant
      When Numa was king, the produce not responding to the labor,
      prayers were ineffective, the farmer deceived
  4. (chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress
  5. illness
    Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, malum, pestis, incommodum, valētūdō, infirmitas
    Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
  6. the pain accompanying childbirth, labor
Declension
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Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative labor labōrēs
genitive labōris labōrum
dative labōrī labōribus
accusative labōrem labōrēs
ablative labōre labōribus
vocative labor labōrēs
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), and cognate with labō, English sleep, Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”).[3]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent

  2. to slip, slide, glide
  3. to fall, sink down
  4. to slip, stumble
  5. to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape
    Synonyms: fugiō, effugiō, ēvādō, refugiō, cōnfugiō, diffugiō, aufugiō, prōfugiō, āvolō, ēripiō, ēlābor
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.771–772:
      Tempora lābuntur, tacitīsque senēscimus annīs,
      et fugiunt frēnō nōn remorante diēs.
      Times pass away, and with years unnoticed we grow old, and days flee with no bridle holding [them] back.
  7. to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault
    Synonyms: dēlinquō, errō, committō, offendō
Conjugation
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This verb takes the future passive participle lābundus instead of *lābendus.

   Conjugation of lābor (third conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present lābor lāberis,
lābere 		lābitur lābimur lābiminī lābuntur
imperfect lābēbar lābēbāris,
lābēbāre 		lābēbātur lābēbāmur lābēbāminī lābēbantur
future lābar lābēris,
lābēre 		lābētur lābēmur lābēminī lābentur
perfect lāpsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect lāpsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present lābar lābāris,
lābāre 		lābātur lābāmur lābāminī lābantur
imperfect lāberer lāberēris,
lāberēre 		lāberētur lāberēmur lāberēminī lāberentur
perfect lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — lābere — — lābiminī —
future — lābitor lābitor — — lābuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives lābī lāpsum esse lāpsūrum esse — — —
participles lābēns lāpsus lāpsūrus — — lābendus,
lābundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
lābendī lābendō lābendum lābendō lāpsum lāpsū
Derived terms
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Descendants
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References

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  • “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “labor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • labor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to exert oneself very energetically in a matter: multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re
    • the matter involves much labour and fatigue: res est multi laboris et sudoris
    • to spare no pains: labori, operae non parcere
    • not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
    • to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage: labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4)
    • capable of exertion: patiens laboris
    • lazy: fugiens laboris
    • to take a false step: per errorem labi, or simply labi
    • to make a slip of the memory: memoriā labi
    • to make a mistake in writing: labi in scribendo
    • immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
    • (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
    • (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
  • labor in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

References

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  1. ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “labor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
  3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 319-20

Anagrams

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin labōrem.

Pronunciation

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  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /lɐˈboɾ/ [lɐˈβoɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /lɐˈbo.ɾi/ [lɐˈβo.ɾi]

Noun

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labor m (plural labores)

  1. labor
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Further reading

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Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin labōrem.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /laˈboɾ/ [laˈβ̞oɾ]
  • Rhymes: -oɾ
  • Syllabification: la‧bor

Noun

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labor f (plural labores)

  1. labor
  2. job, task, chore
    Synonyms: tarea, quehacer
  3. work, effort
    Synonyms: trabajo, obra
  4. needlework, embroidery
    Synonyms: costura, bordado

Derived terms

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Further reading

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