kicsi
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]kicsi (comparative kisebb, superlative legkisebb)
- little, small
- in one's childhood (often used with kor)
- Synonym: gyerek (especially in compounds, e.g. gyermekkor)
Usage notes
[edit]The numeral két (“two”) and the adjective kis (“small, little”) can only stand adjectively, before a noun (e.g. két alma (“two apples”) and kis alma (“a small apple”)). If they were to occur on their own (possibly also inflected), predicatively, or in reference to a whole noun phrase, the terms kettő (“two”) and kicsi (“small”) must be used instead: Csak kettő van (“There are only two”), Csak kicsi van (“There is a small one only.”) The same applies to compound numerals like tizenkét and tizenkettő (“twelve”). In terms of distribution, két and kis are like English sick (sick people ~ két/kis alma) while kettő and kicsi resemble ill (they are ill ~ csak kettő/kicsi van). The longer forms are definitely broader in use as they may also occur adjectively, whether for emphasis or as a form of colloquialism. As a rule of thumb, the short variants (két, kis) never stand on their own.
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kicsi | kicsik |
accusative | kicsit | kicsiket |
dative | kicsinek | kicsiknek |
instrumental | kicsivel | kicsikkel |
causal-final | kicsiért | kicsikért |
translative | kicsivé | kicsikké |
terminative | kicsiig | kicsikig |
essive-formal | kicsiként | kicsikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kicsiben | kicsikben |
superessive | kicsin | kicsiken |
adessive | kicsinél | kicsiknél |
illative | kicsibe | kicsikbe |
sublative | kicsire | kicsikre |
allative | kicsihez | kicsikhez |
elative | kicsiből | kicsikből |
delative | kicsiről | kicsikről |
ablative | kicsitől | kicsiktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kicsié | kicsiké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kicsiéi | kicsikéi |
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]kicsi (plural kicsik)
- (informal) baby, infant, little child
- (with a first-person singular single-possession possessive suffix) (my) darling, my dear (an affectionate, familiar term of address)
- little part, piece, quantity or amount
- construed with -ben: in small size or scale
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kicsi | kicsik |
accusative | kicsit | kicsiket |
dative | kicsinek | kicsiknek |
instrumental | kicsivel | kicsikkel |
causal-final | kicsiért | kicsikért |
translative | kicsivé | kicsikké |
terminative | kicsiig | kicsikig |
essive-formal | kicsiként | kicsikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kicsiben | kicsikben |
superessive | kicsin | kicsiken |
adessive | kicsinél | kicsiknél |
illative | kicsibe | kicsikbe |
sublative | kicsire | kicsikre |
allative | kicsihez | kicsikhez |
elative | kicsiből | kicsikből |
delative | kicsiről | kicsikről |
ablative | kicsitől | kicsiktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kicsié | kicsiké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kicsiéi | kicsikéi |
Its possessive-suffixed forms are very rare, except for the first-person singular single-possession form kicsim.
Possessive forms of kicsi | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kicsim | kicsijeim (or kicsiim) |
2nd person sing. | kicsid | kicsijeid (or kicsiid) |
3rd person sing. | kicsije | kicsijei (or kicsii) |
1st person plural | kicsink | kicsijeink (or kicsiink) |
2nd person plural | kicsitek | kicsijeitek (or kicsiitek) |
3rd person plural | kicsijük | kicsijeik (or kicsiik) |
References
[edit]- ^ kicsi in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- kicsi in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN