ing
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ĭng; IPA(key): /ɪŋ/
- Rhymes: -ɪŋ
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English ing, ynge, enge, from Old English ing, *eng (“a meadow; ing”), from Proto-Germanic *angijō (“meadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énkos (“a bend; curve; bowl; hollow; dell; glen”), from *h₂enk- (“to bend; curve; bow”). Cognate with Scots eng (“ing; meadow”), Dutch eng (“pasture; farmland”), Danish eng (“meadow”), Swedish äng (“meadow; field”), Norwegian eng (“meadow”), Faroese ong (“grassland; meadow; pasture”), Icelandic eng (“a meadow”), Icelandic engi (“a meadow; meadowland”).
Noun
[edit]ing (plural ings)
- (now only in dialects) A meadow, especially a low meadow near a river; water meadow.
- Ings, glens, and fens of the Highlands.
- 1773, Journals of the House of Commons:
- Bill for dividing and inclosing certain open common fields, ings, common pastures, and other commonable lands.
- 1804, Marshall (William), On the Landed Property of England, possibly quoting an earlier work:
- [There] lay an extent of meadow grounds, in ings, to afford a supply of hay.
References
[edit]- OED 2nd edition 1989
Etymology 2
[edit]From Pitman em and en, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents. The change in vowel probably reflects the familiar suffix -ing.
Noun
[edit]ing (plural ings)
- The letter for the ng sound /ŋ/ in Pitman shorthand.
Related terms
[edit]- eng, the name of the IPA letter for this sound
See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Cebuano
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 'y — contraction, appended to the preceding word
Etymology
[edit]Compare with Kapampangan ing, Tausug in.
Article
[edit]ing
- (archaic) indefinite direct marker for nouns other than personal names.
- Synonym: 'y — sense narrowed down
See also
[edit]Direct | Indirect | Oblique | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | |||
Common | Singular | ang | ing†, 'y | sa, sang† | og | sa |
Plural | ang mga | ing mga†, 'y mga |
sa mga, sang mga† |
og mga | sa mga | |
Personal | Singular | si | ni | kang* | ||
Plural | sila ni, silang sa† |
nila ni, nilang na† |
(kan)ila ni*, (kan)ilang* ka† | |||
†Archaic *Indirect personal forms used instead in colloquial speech. |
Further reading
[edit]Chinese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]ing
References
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from an Iranian language.[1]
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]ing (plural ingek)
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ing | ingek |
accusative | inget | ingeket |
dative | ingnek | ingeknek |
instrumental | inggel | ingekkel |
causal-final | ingért | ingekért |
translative | inggé | ingekké |
terminative | ingig | ingekig |
essive-formal | ingként | ingekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ingben | ingekben |
superessive | ingen | ingeken |
adessive | ingnél | ingeknél |
illative | ingbe | ingekbe |
sublative | ingre | ingekre |
allative | inghez | ingekhez |
elative | ingből | ingekből |
delative | ingről | ingekről |
ablative | ingtől | ingektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
ingé | ingeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
ingéi | ingekéi |
Possessive forms of ing | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ingem | ingeim |
2nd person sing. | inged | ingeid |
3rd person sing. | inge | ingei |
1st person plural | ingünk | ingeink |
2nd person plural | ingetek | ingeitek |
3rd person plural | ingük | ingeik |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]An earlier form of the verb inog (“to wobble”).
Verb
[edit]ing
- (intransitive) to wobble
- (intransitive) to swing
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ingok | ingsz | ing | ingunk | ingtok | ingnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | ingtam | ingtál | ingott | ingtunk | ingtatok | ingtak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ingni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ingék | ingál | inga | ingánk | ingátok | ingának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ing vala, ingott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ingandok | ingandasz | ingand | ingandunk | ingandotok | ingandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ingnék | ingnál | ingna | ingnánk | ingnátok | ingnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ingott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ingjak | ingj or ingjál |
ingjon | ingjunk | ingjatok | ingjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ingott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | ingni | ingnom | ingnod | ingnia | ingnunk | ingnotok | ingniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
ingás | ingó | ingott | ― | ingva (ingván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatok | inghatsz | inghat | inghatunk | inghattok | inghatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | inghattam | inghattál | inghatott | inghattunk | inghattatok | inghattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | inghaték | inghatál | inghata | inghatánk | inghatátok | inghatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. inghat vala, inghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | inghatandok or ingandhatok |
inghatandasz or ingandhatsz |
inghatand or ingandhat |
inghatandunk or ingandhatunk |
inghatandotok or ingandhattok |
inghatandanak or ingandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatnék | inghatnál | inghatna | inghatnánk | inghatnátok | inghatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. inghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | inghassak | inghass or inghassál |
inghasson | inghassunk | inghassatok | inghassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. inghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (inghatni) | (inghatnom) | (inghatnod) | (inghatnia) | (inghatnunk) | (inghatnotok) | (inghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (inghatva / inghatván) | ||||
or
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ingok | ingasz | ing | ingunk | ingotok | inganak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | ingottam | ingottál | ingott | ingottunk | ingottatok | ingottak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ingani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ingék | ingál | inga | ingánk | ingátok | ingának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ing vala, ingott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | ingandok | ingandasz | ingand | ingandunk | ingandotok | ingandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | inganék | inganál | ingana | inganánk | inganátok | inganának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ingott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ingjak | ingj or ingjál |
ingjon | ingjunk | ingjatok | ingjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ingott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | ingani | inganom | inganod | ingania | inganunk | inganotok | inganiuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
ingás | ingó | ingott | ― | ingva (ingván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatok | inghatsz | inghat | inghatunk | inghattok | inghatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | inghattam | inghattál | inghatott | inghattunk | inghattatok | inghattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | inghaték | inghatál | inghata | inghatánk | inghatátok | inghatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. inghat vala, inghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | inghatandok or ingandhatok |
inghatandasz or ingandhatsz |
inghatand or ingandhat |
inghatandunk or ingandhatunk |
inghatandotok or ingandhattok |
inghatandanak or ingandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | inghatnék | inghatnál | inghatna | inghatnánk | inghatnátok | inghatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. inghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | inghassak | inghass or inghassál |
inghasson | inghassunk | inghassatok | inghassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. inghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (inghatni) | (inghatnom) | (inghatnod) | (inghatnia) | (inghatnunk) | (inghatnotok) | (inghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (inghatva / inghatván) | ||||
Synonyms
[edit]- (wobble): inog
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ ing in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- (shirt): ing in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to wobble): ing in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Javanese
[edit]Preposition
[edit]ing
Jirajara
[edit]Noun
[edit]ing
References
[edit]- Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)
Khumi Chin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”). Cognate to Burmese အိမ် (im) and S'gaw Karen ဟံၣ် (heè).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ing
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- R. Shafer (1944) “Khimi Grammar and Vocabulary”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, volume 11, number 2, page 418
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[1], Payap University, page 46
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Apparently borrowed from Old Norse eng or possibly inherited directly from Proto-Germanic *angijō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ing f (nominative plural inga or inge)
Declension
[edit]Strong ō-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ing | inga, inge |
accusative | inge | inga, inge |
genitive | inge | inga |
dative | inge | ingum |
Ternate
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the older ingi, with word-final vowel deletion.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ing
- Alternative form of ingi
References
[edit]- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tok Pisin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]ing
Yola
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English ine, in, i, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]ing
- in
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:
- Yerstey w'had a baree, gist ing oor hoane,
- Yesterday we had a goal just in our hand.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
- Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;
- The weight of the play fell into the hollow;
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 11, page 88:
- An broughet ee stell, ing a emothee knaghane.
- And broke the handle in a pismire-hill.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
- Licke a mope an a mile, he gazt ing a mize;
- Like a fool in a mill, he looked in amazement;
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
- Oore joys all ee-smort ing a emothee knaghane.
- Our joys are all smothered in a pismire-hill.
- 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:
- Wathere proceeds to tell that the game was “was jist ing our hone”
- Walter proceeds to tell that the game was “was just in our hand”
References
[edit]- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 48
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