handhaven

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hanthaven, from Middle High German hanthaben, itself a calque from Old French maintenir, from Vulgar Latin manūteneō. Likely based also on Middle Dutch handhave (“handle”). Cognate with German handhaben.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦɑntˌɦaː.və(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hand‧ha‧ven

Verb

handhaven

1. (transitive) to enforce, to maintain, to uphold
2. (transitive) to persevere with, to persist with/in
3. (reflexive) to remain in charge, to remain in place

Conjugation

Conjugation of handhaven (weak)
infinitive	handhaven
past singular	handhaafde
past participle	gehandhaafd
infinitive	handhaven
gerund	handhaven n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	handhaaf	handhaafde
2nd person sing. (jij)	handhaaft, handhaaf2	handhaafde
2nd person sing. (u)	handhaaft	handhaafde
2nd person sing. (gij)	handhaaft	handhaafde
3rd person singular	handhaaft	handhaafde
plural	handhaven	handhaafden
subjunctive sing.1	handhave	handhaafde
subjunctive plur.1	handhaven	handhaafden
imperative sing.	handhaaf
imperative plur.1	handhaaft
participles	handhavend	gehandhaafd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

• handhaver
• handhaving

Descendants

• Afrikaans: handhaaf
• → Indonesian: penegakan (semantic loan)