grian

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See also: grían, grian-, griən, and gri͡an

Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old High German gruoni, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz. Cognate with German grün, Dutch groen, English green, Icelandic grænn.

Adjective

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grian

  1. (Timau) green

References

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Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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an ghrian

From Old Irish grían (“sun”),[4] from Proto-Celtic *grēnā.

Noun

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grian f (genitive singular gréine, nominative plural grianta)

  1. (the) sun
  2. (figuratively) paragon
Declension
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Declension of grian

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative grian grianta
Vocative a ghrian a ghrianta
Genitive gréine grianta
Dative grian
gréin (in certain phrases) 		grianta

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ghrian na grianta
Genitive na gréine na ngrianta
Dative leis an ngrian

don ghrian

leis na grianta

Archaic weak plural forms:

Derived terms
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Verb

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grian (present analytic grianann, future analytic grianfaidh, verbal noun grianadh, past participle grianta) (transitive)

  1. to sun (expose to the warmth and radiation of the sun)
  2. (photography) to solarize (subject to solarization)
Conjugation
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conjugation of grian (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present grianaim grianann tú;
grianair† 		grianann sé, sí grianaimid grianann sibh grianann siad;
grianaid† 		a ghrianann; a ghrianas /
a ngrianann* 		griantar
past ghrian mé; ghrianas ghrian tú; ghrianais ghrian sé, sí ghrianamar; ghrian muid ghrian sibh; ghrianabhair ghrian siad; ghrianadar a ghrian /
ar ghrian* 		grianadh
past habitual ghrianainn / ngrianainn‡‡ ghriantá / ngriantᇇ ghrianadh sé, sí / ngrianadh sé, s퇇 ghrianaimis; ghrianadh muid / ngrianaimis‡‡; ngrianadh muid‡‡ ghrianadh sibh / ngrianadh sibh‡‡ ghrianaidís; ghrianadh siad / ngrianaidís‡‡; ngrianadh siad‡‡ a ghrianadh /
a ngrianadh* 		ghriantaí / ngrianta퇇
future grianfaidh mé;
grianfad 		grianfaidh tú;
grianfair† 		grianfaidh sé, sí grianfaimid;
grianfaidh muid 		grianfaidh sibh grianfaidh siad;
grianfaid† 		a ghrianfaidh; a ghrianfas /
a ngrianfaidh* 		grianfar
conditional ghrianfainn / ngrianfainn‡‡ ghrianfá / ngrianfᇇ ghrianfadh sé, sí / ngrianfadh sé, s퇇 ghrianfaimis; ghrianfadh muid / ngrianfaimis‡‡; ngrianfadh muid‡‡ ghrianfadh sibh / ngrianfadh sibh‡‡ ghrianfaidís; ghrianfadh siad / ngrianfaidís‡‡; ngrianfadh siad‡‡ a ghrianfadh /
a ngrianfadh* 		ghrianfaí / ngrianfa퇇
subjunctive present go ngriana mé;
go ngrianad† 		go ngriana tú;
go ngrianair† 		go ngriana sé, sí go ngrianaimid;
go ngriana muid 		go ngriana sibh go ngriana siad;
go ngrianaid† 		— go ngriantar
past dá ngrianainn dá ngriantá dá ngrianadh sé, sí dá ngrianaimis;
dá ngrianadh muid 		dá ngrianadh sibh dá ngrianaidís;
dá ngrianadh siad 		— dá ngriantaí
imperative grianaim grian grianadh sé, sí grianaimis grianaigí;
grianaidh† 		grianaidís — griantar
verbal noun grianadh
past participle grianta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish grïan.[5]

Noun

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grian m (genitive singular griain)

  1. Alternative form of grean (“gravel, grit; coarse sand”)
  2. bottom (of sea, lake, river)
  3. earth, ground, land
  4. surface

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
grian ghrian ngrian
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 66, page 34
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 135
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 283, page 100
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grian”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Manx

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Etymology

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From Old Irish grían (“sun”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *grēnā.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡriːn/, [ɡriᵈn]

Noun

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grian f (genitive singular greiney, plural grianyn)

  1. sun
    Plaasyn prinsoil glistral myr whilleen grian. ― Princely palaces shining like so many suns.
    Ta'n ghrian yial er chooilleen e jurnaa. ― The bright sun has finished her journey.
  2. sunlight
  3. sunshine

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Mutation

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Manx mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
grian ghrian ngrian
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

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Etymology

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Cognate to Welsh graean. The exact shape of their common etymon is obscure; Proto-Celtic *griyano- is one reconstruction.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grïan (gender unknown)

  1. gravel
  2. sand
  3. bottom (of river)
  4. floor (of sea)

Inflection

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The declension of this term is known to be an o-stem, but the gender is unknown. Both possibilities are presented here.

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative grïan — —
Vocative grïain — —
Accusative grïanN — —
Genitive grïainL — —
Dative grïunL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative grïanN — —
Vocative grïanN — —
Accusative grïanN — —
Genitive grïainL — —
Dative grïunL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

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  • Irish: grean

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
grïan grïan
pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ 		ngrïan
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

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Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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From Old Irish grían (“sun”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *grēnā.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grian f (genitive singular grèine, plural grianan)

  1. sun

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
grian ghrian
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  3. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
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