grafa
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Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse grafa (“to dig”), from Proto-Germanic *grabaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
Verb
[edit]grafa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative gróf, third-person plural past indicative grófu, supine grafið)
Conjugation
[edit]grafa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að grafa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
grafið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
grafandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég gref | við gröfum | present (nútíð) |
ég grafi | við gröfum |
þú grefur | þið grafið | þú grafir | þið grafið | ||
hann, hún, það grefur | þeir, þær, þau grafa | hann, hún, það grafi | þeir, þær, þau grafi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég gróf | við grófum | past (þátíð) |
ég græfi | við græfum |
þú grófst | þið grófuð | þú græfir | þið græfuð | ||
hann, hún, það gróf | þeir, þær, þau grófu | hann, hún, það græfi | þeir, þær, þau græfu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
graf (þú) | grafið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
grafðu | grafiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að grafast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
grafist | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
grafandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég grefst | við gröfumst | present (nútíð) |
ég grafist | við gröfumst |
þú grefst | þið grafist | þú grafist | þið grafist | ||
hann, hún, það grefst | þeir, þær, þau grafast | hann, hún, það grafist | þeir, þær, þau grafist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég grófst | við grófumst | past (þátíð) |
ég græfist | við græfumst |
þú grófst | þið grófust | þú græfist | þið græfust | ||
hann, hún, það grófst | þeir, þær, þau grófust | hann, hún, það græfist | þeir, þær, þau græfust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
grafst (þú) | grafist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
grafstu | grafisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
grafinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
grafinn | grafin | grafið | grafnir | grafnar | grafin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
grafinn | grafna | grafið | grafna | grafnar | grafin | |
dative (þágufall) |
gröfnum | grafinni | gröfnu | gröfnum | gröfnum | gröfnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
grafins | grafinnar | grafins | grafinna | grafinna | grafinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
grafni | grafna | grafna | gröfnu | gröfnu | gröfnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
grafna | gröfnu | grafna | gröfnu | gröfnu | gröfnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
grafna | gröfnu | grafna | gröfnu | gröfnu | gröfnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
grafna | gröfnu | grafna | gröfnu | gröfnu | gröfnu |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- grafa skurði (“to trench”)
- grafa undan (“to undermine”)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From the verb grafa (“to dig”).
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Kettenbagger_CAT_325C_LN.jpeg/220px-Kettenbagger_CAT_325C_LN.jpeg)
Noun
[edit]grafa f (genitive singular gröfu, nominative plural gröfur)
Declension
[edit]declension of grafa
Derived terms
[edit]- keðjugrafa (“trencher”)
- traktorsgrafa (“excavator loader”)
- vélgrafa (“mechanical excavator”)
- víragrafa (“rope-operated excavator”)
- vökvagrafa (“hydraulic excavator”)
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]grafa
Irish
[edit]Participle
[edit]grafa
- past participle of graf (“write; draw, sketch; graph, plot, chart”)
Noun
[edit]grafa m sg
Noun
[edit]grafa m pl
Mutation
[edit]Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
grafa | ghrafa | ngrafa |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Lithuanian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]grafà f (plural grafos) stress pattern 2[1]
Declension
[edit]Declension of grafà
singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | grafà | grafos |
genitive (kilmininkas) | grafos | grafų |
dative (naudininkas) | grafai | grafoms |
accusative (galininkas) | grafą | grafàs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | grafà | grafomis |
locative (vietininkas) | grafoje | grafose |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | grafa | grafos |
Synonyms
[edit]- skiltis f
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. I–XX, 1941–2002): elektroninis variantas. Redaktorių kolegija: Gertrūda Naktinienė (vyr. redaktorė), Jonas Paulauskas, Ritutė Petrokienė, Vytautas Vitkauskas, Jolanta Zabarskaitė. Programuotojai: Evaldas Ožeraitis, Vytautas Zinkevičius. – Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005 (atnaujinta versija, 2017). – http://www.lkz.lt. →ISBN
- ^ Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Verb
[edit]grafa
- to dig
- to bury
- to engrave
- to enquire (also in middle voice: grafask)
- (impersonal) to cause the formation of pus (in something); suppurate
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of grafa — active (strong class 6)
infinitive | grafa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | grafandi | |
past participle | grafinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | gref | gróf |
2nd-person singular | grefr | gróft |
3rd-person singular | grefr | gróf |
1st-person plural | grǫfum | grófum |
2nd-person plural | grafið | grófuð |
3rd-person plural | grafa | grófu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | grafa | grœfa |
2nd-person singular | grafir | grœfir |
3rd-person singular | grafi | grœfi |
1st-person plural | grafim | grœfim |
2nd-person plural | grafið | grœfið |
3rd-person plural | grafi | grœfi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | graf | |
1st-person plural | grǫfum | |
2nd-person plural | grafið |
Conjugation of grafa — mediopassive (strong class 6)
infinitive | grafask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | grafandisk | |
past participle | grafizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | grǫfumk | grófumk |
2nd-person singular | grefsk | grófzk |
3rd-person singular | grefsk | grófsk |
1st-person plural | grǫfumsk | grófumsk |
2nd-person plural | grafizk | grófuzk |
3rd-person plural | grafask | grófusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | grǫfumk | grœfumk |
2nd-person singular | grafisk | grœfisk |
3rd-person singular | grafisk | grœfisk |
1st-person plural | grafimsk | grœfimsk |
2nd-person plural | grafizk | grœfizk |
3rd-person plural | grafisk | grœfisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | grafsk | |
1st-person plural | grǫfumsk | |
2nd-person plural | grafizk |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “grafa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Portuguese
[edit]Verb
[edit]grafa
- inflection of grafar:
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Noun
[edit]grafa m sg
Mutation
[edit]Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
grafa | ghrafa |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Categories:
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aːva
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aːva/2 syllables
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic impersonal verbs
- Icelandic class 6 strong verbs
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish past participles
- Irish noun forms
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian nouns
- Lithuanian feminine nouns
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse impersonal verbs
- Old Norse class 6 strong verbs
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms
- Scottish Gaelic noun forms