gemma
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See also: Gemma
English
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Syntrichia_papillosa.jpg/220px-Syntrichia_papillosa.jpg)
Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.
Noun
[edit]gemma (plural gemmas or gemmae)
- (biology) An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud.
- Synonym: (archaic) gemmule
- 1969, Rudolf Mathias Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume 1, Columbia University Press, page 527:
- I know of no other genera with such intramarginal formation of true gemmae.
- 1990, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, page 2:
- Gemmae are frequently longer than wide or of irregular shape.
According to Degenkolbe, gemmae-bearing leaves are always different in form from normal leaves.
- 2005, R. N. Chopra, Biology of Bryophytes, page 32:
- In Marchantia polymorpha, high temperature promotes germination of gemmae (Dacknowski, 1907), and heat absorbed by the gemmae accelerates their germination (Fitting, 1942).
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]asexual reproductive structure
Anagrams
[edit]Bavarian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First person plural of geh + ma (unstressed form of first person plural nominative mia). Literally, “go we”.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]gemma
Interjection
[edit]gemma
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gemma f (plural gemmes)
Further reading
[edit]- “gemma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Interlingua
[edit]Noun
[edit]gemma (plural gemmas)
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]gemma f (plural gemme)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]gemma
- inflection of gemmare:
Further reading
[edit]- gemma in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Possibilities include:
- Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;[1][2]
- From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap. Compare, however, Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux, “claw, nail, hoof, talon, but also onyx (gem)”);
- From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;
- A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈɡem.ma/, [ˈɡɛmːä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒem.ma/, [ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]
Noun
[edit]gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension
Declension
[edit]First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | gemma | gemmae |
Genitive | gemmae | gemmārum |
Dative | gemmae | gemmīs |
Accusative | gemmam | gemmās |
Ablative | gemmā | gemmīs |
Vocative | gemma | gemmae |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Asturian: xema, ema
- Catalan: gemma
- Danish: gemme
- French: gemme
- → Romanian: gemă
- → English: gemma (learned)
- → Interlingua: gemma
- Italian: gemma
- → Russian: гемма (gemma)
- Old Galician-Portuguese: gema
- Old Spanish: yema
- → Spanish: gema (learned)
- → Catalan: gema (dialectal, Castilianism)
- → Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gemma”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257: “PIE *ǵeb-m-”
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zębnǫti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 543
Further reading
[edit]- “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gemma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- gemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
- the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
- “gemma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “gemma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Categories:
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- en:Biology
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- ca:Botany
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- Interlingua lemmas
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- Italian 2-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Italian/ɛmma
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛmma/2 syllables
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- it:Botany
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- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Botany
- la:Gems