gaigner

Middle French

Alternative forms

• gaignier, gainger, gaegnier, gaingier

Etymology

From Old French gaigner.

Verb

gaigner

1. to win
   • 1532, François Rabelais, Pantagruel:

     Mais voulez vous venir gaigner les pardons? dist il.

     But do you want to come and win the pardons? Said he

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of gaigner

infinitive	simple	gaigner
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	gaignant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		gaigné
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	gaigne	gaignes	gaigne	gaignons	gaignez	gaignent
	imperfect	gaignois, gaignoys	gaignois, gaignoys	gaignoit, gaignoyt	gaignions, gaignyons	gaigniez, gaignyez	gaignoient, gaignoyent
	past historic	gaigna	gaignas	gaigna	gaignasmes	gaignastes	gaignerent
	future	gaignerai, gaigneray	gaigneras	gaignera	gaignerons	gaignerez	gaigneront
	conditional	gaignerois, gaigneroys	gaignerois, gaigneroys	gaigneroit, gaigneroyt	gaignerions, gaigneryons	gaigneriez, gaigneryez	gaigneroient, gaigneroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	gaigne	gaignes	gaigne	gaignons	gaignez	gaignent
	imperfect	gaignasse	gaignasses	gaignast	gaignassions	gaignassiez	gaignassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	gaigne	—	gaignons	gaignez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: gagner

Old French

Alternative forms

• gayner, gainer, guaainer, guainer, gaygner, gaaignier

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *wadaniāre, of Germanic origin.

Verb

gaigner

1. to win
   • c. 1250, Marie de France, Milun:

     tost i pout perdre u guaaignier

     Straight away, he could lose or win

2. (by extension) to make money; to save money
   • c. 1200, Aucassin et Nicolette:

     […] li donra un jour un baceler qui du pain li gaaignera par honor

     […] will give to her a young suitor who will earn his bread through honor

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ign, *-igns, *-ignt are modified to ing, inz, int. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of gaigner (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		gaigner			avoir gaigné
gerund		en gaignant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		gaignant
past participle		gaigné
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	gaing	gaignes	gaigne	gaignons	gaignez	gaignent
	imperfect	gaignoie, gaigneie, gaignoe, gaigneve	gaignoies, gaigneies, gaignoes, gaigneves	gaignoit, gaigneit, gaignot, gaigneve	gaigniiens, gaigniens	gaigniiez, gaigniez	gaignoient, gaigneient, gaignoent, gaignevent
	preterite	gaignai	gaignas	gaigna	gaignames	gaignastes	gaignerent
	future	gaignerai	gaigneras	gaignera	gaignerons	gaigneroiz, gaignereiz, gaignerez	gaigneront
	conditional	gaigneroie, gaignereie	gaigneroies, gaignereies	gaigneroit, gaignereit	gaigneriiens, gaigneriens	gaigneriiez, gaigneriez	gaigneroient, gaignereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	gaing	gainz	gaint	gaignons	gaignez	gaignent
	imperfect	gaignasse	gaignasses	gaignast	gaignissons, gaignissiens	gaignissoiz, gaignissez, gaignissiez	gaignassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	gaigne	—	gaignons	gaignez	—

Derived terms

• gayn
• regainer, regayner, regaigner, regaaiger, regaingner
  • Middle French: regaaignier, regagner
    • French: regagner
    • → English: regain
  • Picard: r'gagneu, r'gagnie (Athois), argagner (Ch'ti)
  • Walloon: riwangnî, rigangnî, rigangnè (Forrières)

Descendants

• Anglo-Norman: wainer
  • →? Middle English: wainen
• Gallo: gaigner
• Middle French: gaigner, gaignier, gainger, gaegnier, gaingier
  • French: gagner
• Norman: gangni' (Jersiais)
• Picard: gagnie, gagneu (Athois)
• Walloon: wangnî, gangnî (Charleroi, Liégeois), gangnè (Forrières), gågnî (Liégeois)