cupio

See also: 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌉𐌏

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kupiō, from a Proto-Indo-European root akin to *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”); see also Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”), Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”), Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “become agitated, bubbles up”), English hope.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈku.pi.oː/, [ˈkʊpioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈku.pi.o/, [ˈkuːpio]

Verb

cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. to desire, long for

   Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, aveō, quaerō, studeō, concupiō, indigeō, petō, sitiō, expetō, circumspiciō, spectō, voveō, appetō

   Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō

2. to please, favor, be well disposed towards (someone, something)
   • Cupio omnia quaevis.

     Your wishes are mine.

     (literally, “I favor whatever you want.”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cupiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cupiō	cupis	cupit	cupimus	cupitis	cupiunt
	imperfect	cupiēbam	cupiēbās	cupiēbat	cupiēbāmus	cupiēbātis	cupiēbant
	future	cupiam	cupiēs	cupiet	cupiēmus	cupiētis	cupient
	perfect	cupīvī, cupiī	cupīvistī, cupiistī, cupīstī1	cupīvit, cupiit, cupīt1	cupīvimus, cupiimus, cupīmus1	cupīvistis, cupiistis, cupīstis1	cupīvērunt, cupīvēre, cupiērunt, cupiēre, cupīrunt1
	pluperfect	cupīveram, cupieram, cupīram1	cupīverās, cupierās, cupīrās1	cupīverat, cupierat, cupīrat1	cupīverāmus, cupierāmus, cupīrāmus1	cupīverātis, cupierātis, cupīrātis1	cupīverant, cupierant, cupīrant1
	future perfect	cupīverō, cupierō, cupīrō1	cupīveris, cupieris, cupīris1	cupīverit, cupierit, cupīrit1	cupīverimus, cupierimus, cupīrimus1	cupīveritis, cupieritis, cupīritis1	cupīverint, cupierint, cupīrint1
passive	present	cupior	cuperis, cupere	cupitur	cupimur	cupiminī	cupiuntur
	imperfect	cupiēbar	cupiēbāris, cupiēbāre	cupiēbātur	cupiēbāmur	cupiēbāminī	cupiēbantur
	future	cupiar	cupiēris, cupiēre	cupiētur	cupiēmur	cupiēminī	cupientur
	perfect	cupītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cupītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cupītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cupiam	cupiās	cupiat	cupiāmus	cupiātis	cupiant
	imperfect	cuperem	cuperēs	cuperet	cuperēmus	cuperētis	cuperent
	perfect	cupīverim, cupierim, cupīrim1	cupīverīs, cupierīs, cupīrīs1	cupīverit, cupierit, cupīrit1	cupīverīmus, cupierīmus, cupīrīmus1	cupīverītis, cupierītis, cupīrītis1	cupīverint, cupierint, cupīrint1
	pluperfect	cupīvissem, cupiissem, cupīssem1	cupīvissēs, cupiissēs, cupīssēs1	cupīvisset, cupiisset, cupīsset1	cupīvissēmus, cupiissēmus, cupīssēmus1	cupīvissētis, cupiissētis, cupīssētis1	cupīvissent, cupiissent, cupīssent1
passive	present	cupiar	cupiāris, cupiāre	cupiātur	cupiāmur	cupiāminī	cupiantur
	imperfect	cuperer	cuperēris, cuperēre	cuperētur	cuperēmur	cuperēminī	cuperentur
	perfect	cupītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cupītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cupe	—	—	cupite	—
	future	—	cupitō	cupitō	—	cupitōte	cupiuntō
passive	present	—	cupere	—	—	cupiminī	—
	future	—	cupitor	cupitor	—	—	cupiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cupere	cupīvisse, cupiisse, cupīsse1	cupītūrum esse	cupī	cupītum esse	cupītum īrī
participles		cupiēns	—	cupītūrus	—	cupītus	cupiendus, cupiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cupiendī	cupiendō	cupiendum	cupiendō	cupītum	cupītū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Related terms

• cupiditās
• cupīdō
• cupidus
• cupiēns
• cupītor

Descendants

• Sardinian: cubere
• Walloon: keûre
• →⇒ English: cupiosexual

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupīre:

• Franco-Provençal: kvi, kevi
• Old French: covir
  • Norman: coui
• Old Occitan: cobir
• >? Sardinian: cubire

Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupiscere:

• Franc-Comtois: quevatre

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cŭpĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1551

Further reading

• “cupio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• cupio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be favourably disposed towards: alicuius causa velle or cupere