cland

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• clann

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Welsh plant (with phonemic substitution of /p/ with /k/ as the former was not a phoneme of Primitive Irish), from Latin planta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /klan͈d/

Noun

cland f (genitive clainde, nominative plural clanda)

1. children
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10^a5

     Mainip in chrud so bid anglan for cland, .i. a lliles dind ancretmiuch bid ancretmech.

     Unless it is in this way, your children will be unclean, i.e. whatever follows the unbelieving will be unbelieving.

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 19^c20

     Má nudub·feil i n‑ellug coirp Críst, adib cland Abrache amal ṡodin, et it sib ata chomarpi Abracham.

     If you pl are in the union of the body of Christ, you are Abraham’s children in that case, and it is you who are Abraham’s heirs.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129^c8

     in tan ṁberes claind, is fáilid íar sin

     when she bears children, she is joyous after that

2. family
3. offspring
4. plant

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	clandL	claindL	clandaH
Vocative	clandL	claindL	clandaH
Accusative	claindN	claindL	clandaH
Genitive	claindeH	clandL	clandN
Dative	claindL	clandaib	clandaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• clannmar

Descendants

• Middle Irish: clann
  • Irish: clann
  • Manx: cloan
  • Scottish Gaelic: clann
    • → English: clan (see there for further descendants)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cland	chland	cland pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.