alius

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *aljos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) (Modern Greek άλλος (állos)), αἶλος (aîlos) (Arcadocypriot), Old Armenian այլ (ayl), Proto-Celtic *alyos, Proto-Germanic *aljaz (Modern English else). Other forms from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- include Latin ille, uls.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.us/, [ˈälʲiʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.us/, [ˈäːlius]

Adjective

alius (feminine alia, neuter aliud); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)

1. other, another, any other
2. else
3. different

Usage notes

• When used in pairs, alius...alius may function like English one...another.
• When used in pairs, aliī...aliī may function like English some...others.
• In an affirmative sentence, when alius is followed by an ablative, it conjointly means "other than" typically. In a negative sentence with an ablative, it would typically mean "nothing else but" or "nothing other than".

• Alius can also mean "different" when the word is written twice with the second alius being in the ablative case, e.g. "alius aliō"

Declension

Irregular declension. Regular genitive singular, alīus, is rare, being normally supplied by alterīus, the genitive of alter, instead.[1]

First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	alius	alia	aliud		aliī	aliae	alia
Genitive	alterīus				aliōrum	aliārum	aliōrum
Dative	aliī				aliīs
Accusative	alium	aliam	aliud		aliōs	aliās	alia
Ablative	aliō	aliā	aliō		aliīs
Vocative	alie	alia	aliud		aliī	aliae	alia

A contracted form of the neuter nominative/accusative singular, alid, was used by Catullus and Lucretius.

Derived terms

• aliā
• aliās
• alicubi
• aliēnus
• aliō
• aliōquī
• aliōrsum
• aliter

Related terms

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

type	demonstrative			anaphoric	identity	interrogative/ relative	indefinite					negative	other
	proximal	medial	distal				relative	indefinite	free choice	universal	negative polarity
basic	hic	iste, istic	ille, illic	is	ipse, īdem	quis/quī	quisquis, quīcumque	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam	quīvis, quīlibet	quisque	quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam	nēmō, nihil, nūllus	alius
dual						uter	utercumque	alteruter	utervīs, uterlibet	uterque		neuter	alter
place	hīc	istīc	illīc	ibī̆	ibī̆dem	ubī̆	ubiubi, ubī̆cumque	alicubī, uspiam	ubivīs, ubilibet	ubīque	usquam	nusquam, nūllibī	alibī, aliās
source	hinc	istinc	illinc	inde	indidem	unde	undecumque, undeunde	alicunde	°undelibet	undique			aliunde
destination	hūc, °hōrsum	istūc, °istōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	eō	eōdem	quō, quōrsum	quōquō, quōcumque	aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum	quōvīs, quōlibet		quōquam	nusquam, nūllōrsum	aliō, aliōrsum
method, means, path, place	hāc	istāc	illāc	eā	eādem	quā	quāquā, quācumque	aliquā	quāvīs, quālibet	quāque		nēquāquam, haudquāquam	aliā
manner	hōc modō	istō modō	illō modō	ita, sīc, eō modō	item, itidem	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	quōmodolibet	utīque	ūllō modō	nūllō modō	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time	num, nunc		ōlim	tum, tunc	simul	quandō, ‡cum	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	quondam, aliquandō	quandōlibet	quandōque	umquam	numquam	aliās
quantity				tam	†tamen, †tandem	quam	†quamquam	aliquam	quamvīs, quamlibet
size				tantus	tantusdem	quantus	quantuscumque	aliquantus	quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality				tālis		quālis	quālis, quāliscumque	aliquālis	quālislibet
number				tot	totidem	quot	quotquot, quotcumque	aliquot	quotlibet
order				totus		quotus	quotuscumque	aliquotus	quotuslibet
repetition				totiēns		quotiēns	quotiēnscumque	aliquotiēns	quotiēnslibet
multiplication				totuplex		quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Descendants

• Asturian: ál (archaic)
• Galician: al (archaic)
• Portuguese: al (archaic)
• Old Spanish: ál

See also

• et aliī

References

• “alius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “alius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• alius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
    
  • concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae
    
  • (ambiguous) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere
    
  • to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
    
  • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions: aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere
    
  • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • (ambiguous) to turn the conversation to another topic: sermonem alio transferre
    
  • (ambiguous) to transfer the seat of war elsewhere: bellum transferre alio, in...
    
  • (ambiguous) more of this another time: sed de hoc alias pluribus
    
• alius in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016