Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/werþan
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Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *werþaną.
Verb
[edit]*werþan[1]
- to become
Inflection
[edit]Strong class 3 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | *werþan | |
1st sg. past | *warþ | |
3rd pl. past | *wurdun | |
Past ptcple | *wordan | |
Infinitive | *werþan | |
Genitive infin. | *werþannjas | |
Dative infin. | *werþannjē | |
Instrum. infin. | *werþannju | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | *werþu | *warþ |
2nd singular | *wirþiʀi | *wurdī |
3rd singular | *wirþidi | *warþ |
1st plural | *werþum | *wurdum |
2nd plural | *wirþid | *wurdud |
3rd plural | *werþand | *wurdun |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | *werþē | *wurdī |
2nd singular | *werþēs | *wurdī |
3rd singular | *werþē | *wurdī |
1st plural | *werþēm | *wurdīm |
2nd plural | *werþēþ | *wurdīd |
3rd plural | *werþēn | *wurdīn |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | *wirþ | |
Plural | *wirþid | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | *werþandī | *wordan |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Old English: weorþan, wearþan — Anglian; weorðan — edh spelling; wurþan — Late West Saxon
- Old Frisian: wertha
- Old Saxon: werthan
- Old Dutch: werthan
- Old High German: werdan, ƿerdan — Manuscript spelling
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 107: “*werþan”